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Wu J, Chen C, Li Y, Cao K, Wang X, Fang W, Zhu G, Wang L. Integrated ESI-MS/MS and APCI-MS/MS based metabolomics reveal the effects of canning and storage on peach fruits. Food Chem 2024; 430:137087. [PMID: 37549620 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of peach metabolites and carotenoids during canning and storage remains unclear. The present study identified 658 metabolites and 40 carotenoids in peach fruits throughout the canning and storage using ESI-MS/MS and APCI-MS/MS based metabolome approach. A total of 282 differentially accumulated metabolites were found, mainly including 78 phenolic acids, 74 lipids, 61 flavonoids. Five esterified carotenoids (rubixanthin palmitate, β-cryptoxanthin oleate, β-cryptoxanthin laurate, β-cryptoxanthin palmitate, and β-cryptoxanthin myristate) were the main peach carotenoids, with a proportion of approximately 90%, while free carotenoids accounted for 4.22-5.95% during the entire processing period. Moreover, the total carotenoid loss rates for canning and storage were 56.67% and 46.55%, respectively. Compared to the loss of free carotenoids, esterified carotenoids were more stable during storage, while canning led to a greater loss of esterified carotenoids. The results provided new insights into the maintenance of health-related phytochemicals from canning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Horticulture Germplasm Resources Center, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453599, China.
| | - Changwen Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Horticulture Germplasm Resources Center, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Yong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Horticulture Germplasm Resources Center, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China; Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453599, China.
| | - Ke Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Horticulture Germplasm Resources Center, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453599, China.
| | - Xinwei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Horticulture Germplasm Resources Center, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China.
| | - Weichao Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Horticulture Germplasm Resources Center, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Gengrui Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Horticulture Germplasm Resources Center, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Lirong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Horticulture Germplasm Resources Center, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China.
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Su W, Zhu C, Fan Z, Huang M, Lin H, Chen X, Deng C, Chen Y, Kou Y, Tong Z, Zhang Y, Xu C, Zheng S, Jiang J. Comprehensive metabolome and transcriptome analyses demonstrate divergent anthocyanin and carotenoid accumulation in fruits of wild and cultivated loquats. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1285456. [PMID: 37900735 PMCID: PMC10611460 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1285456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Eriobotrya is an evergreen fruit tree native to South-West China and adjacent countries. There are more than 26 loquat species known in this genus, while E. japonica is the only species yet domesticated to produce fresh fruits from late spring to early summer. Fruits of cultivated loquat are usually orange colored, in contrast to the red color of fruits of wild E. henryi (EH). However, the mechanisms of fruit pigment formation during loquat evolution are yet to be elucidated. To understand these, targeted carotenoid and anthocyanin metabolomics as well as transcriptomics analyses were carried out in this study. The results showed that β-carotene, violaxanthin palmitate and rubixanthin laurate, totally accounted for over 60% of the colored carotenoids, were the major carotenoids in peel of the orange colored 'Jiefangzhong' (JFZ) fruits. Total carotenoids content in JFZ is about 10 times to that of EH, and the expression levels of PSY, ZDS and ZEP in JFZ were 10.69 to 23.26 folds to that in EH at ripen stage. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside and pelargonidin-3-O-galactoside were the predominant anthocyanins enriched in EH peel. On the contrary, both of them were almost undetectable in JFZ, and the transcript levels of F3H, F3'H, ANS, CHS and CHI in EH were 4.39 to 73.12 folds higher than that in JFZ during fruit pigmentation. In summary, abundant carotenoid deposition in JFZ peel is well correlated with the strong expression of PSY, ZDS and ZEP, while the accumulation of anthocyanin metabolites in EH peel is tightly associated with the notably upregulated expressions of F3H, F3'H, ANS, CHS and CHI. This study was the first to demonstrate the metabolic background of how fruit pigmentations evolved from wild to cultivated loquat species, and provided gene targets for further breeding of more colorful loquat fruits via manipulation of carotenoids and anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Su
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changqing Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Crop Growth and Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Fan
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mingkun Huang
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Han Lin
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaojun Deng
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yidan Kou
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Tong
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changjie Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Crop Growth and Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoquan Zheng
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jimou Jiang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, China
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Song H, Liu J, Chen C, Zhang Y, Tang W, Yang W, Chen H, Li M, Jiang G, Sun S, Li J, Tu M, Wang L, Xu Z, Gong R, Chen D. Down-regulation of NCED leads to the accumulation of carotenoids in the flesh of F 1 generation of peach hybrid. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1055779. [PMID: 36407629 PMCID: PMC9669654 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1055779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flesh color is an important target trait in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] breeding. In this study, two white-fleshed peach cultivars were crossed [Changsong Whitepeach (WP-1) × 'Xiacui'], and their hybrid F1 generation showed color segregation of white flesh (BF1) and yellow flesh (HF1). Metabolome analysis revealed that the flesh color segregation in the hybrid F1 generation was related to the carotenoid content. The decrease in β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin in BF1 flesh and increase in β-cryptoxanthin oleate, rubixanthin caprate, rubixanthin laurate and zeaxanthin dipalmitate in HF1 flesh contributed to their difference in carotenoid accumulation. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that compared with BF1, HF1 showed significant up-regulation and down-regulation of ZEP and CCD8 at the core-hardening stage, respectively, while significant down-regulation of NCED in the whole fruit development stage. The down-regulation of NCED might inhibit the breakdown of the violaxanthin and its upstream substances and further promote the accumulation of carotenoids, resulting in yellow flesh. Therefore, NCED may be a key gene controlling the fruit color traits of peach. In this study, targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics were used to jointly explore the mechanism controlling the fruit color of peach, which may help to identify the key genes for the differences in carotenoid accumulation and provide a reference for the breeding of yellow-fleshed peach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Song
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhong Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoqun Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoliang Jiang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxia Sun
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiyan Tu
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihong Xu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Ronggao Gong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
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