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Dressler FF, Diedrichs F, Sabtan D, Hinrichs S, Krisp C, Gemoll T, Hennig M, Mackedanz P, Schlotfeldt M, Voß H, Offermann A, Kirfel J, Roesch MC, Struck JP, Kramer MW, Merseburger AS, Gratzke C, Schoeb DS, Miernik A, Schlüter H, Wetterauer U, Zubarev R, Perner S, Wolf P, Végvári Á. Proteomic analysis of the urothelial cancer landscape. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4513. [PMID: 38802361 PMCID: PMC11130393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer (UC) has a wide tumor biological spectrum with challenging prognostic stratification and relevant therapy-associated morbidity. Most molecular classifications relate only indirectly to the therapeutically relevant protein level. We improve the pre-analytics of clinical samples for proteome analyses and characterize a cohort of 434 samples with 242 tumors and 192 paired normal mucosae covering the full range of UC. We evaluate sample-wise tumor specificity and rank biomarkers by target relevance. We identify robust proteomic subtypes with prognostic information independent from histopathological groups. In silico drug prediction suggests efficacy of several compounds hitherto not in clinical use. Both in silico and in vitro data indicate predictive value of the proteomic clusters for these drugs. We underline that proteomics is relevant for personalized oncology and provide abundance and tumor specificity data for a large part of the UC proteome ( www.cancerproteins.org ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz F Dressler
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Falk Diedrichs
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Deema Sabtan
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sofie Hinrichs
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christoph Krisp
- Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Campus Forschung N27 00.008, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timo Gemoll
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Martin Hennig
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paulina Mackedanz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mareile Schlotfeldt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hannah Voß
- Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Campus Forschung N27 00.008, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Offermann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jutta Kirfel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marie C Roesch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julian P Struck
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Mario W Kramer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Axel S Merseburger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Gratzke
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik S Schoeb
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arkadiusz Miernik
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Campus Forschung N27 00.008, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wetterauer
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Roman Zubarev
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pharmacological & Technological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- Center for Precision Oncology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Wolf
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Feng K, Liu C, Wang W, Kong P, Tao Z, Liu W. Emerging proteins involved in castration‑resistant prostate cancer via the AR‑dependent and AR‑independent pathways (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:127. [PMID: 37732538 PMCID: PMC10609492 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite achieving optimal initial responses to androgen deprivation therapy, most patients with prostate cancer eventually progress to a poor prognosis state known as castration‑resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Currently, there is a notable absence of reliable early warning biomarkers and effective treatment strategies for these patients. Although androgen receptor (AR)‑independent pathways have been discovered and acknowledged in recent years, the AR signaling pathway continues to play a pivotal role in the progression of CRPC. The present review focuses on newly identified proteins within human CRPC tissues. These proteins encompass both those involved in AR‑dependent and AR‑independent pathways. Specifically, the present review provides an in‑depth summary and analysis of the emerging proteins within AR bypass pathways. Furthermore, the significance of these proteins as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for treating CRPC is discussed. Therefore, the present review offers valuable theoretical insights and clinical perspectives to comprehensively enhance the understanding of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangle Feng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shaoxing Central Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Weixi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Piaoping Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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Liu Y. Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Radiomics Features with Nomogram for Prediction of Prostate Cancer Invasion. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:3043-3051. [PMID: 37485455 PMCID: PMC10361087 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s419039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the value of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics model in predicting prostate cancer (PCa) invasion. Methods Clinical data of 86 pathologically confirmed PCa patients in our hospital were collected, including 44 cases in the invasive group and 42 cases in the non-invasive group. All patients underwent MRI examinations, and the same parameters were used. The lesion area was manually delineated and the radiomics features were extracted from T2WI. The radiomics signature based on LASSO regression was established. Besides, logistic regression was used to identify independent clinical predictors, and a combined model incorporating the radiomics signature and independent clinical risk factor was constructed. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to compare the prediction efficiency and clinical benefit of each model. Results A total of 867 radiomics features were obtained, and six of them were incorporated into the radiomics model. Multivariate logistic regression analysis exhibited the Gleason score as an independent clinical risk factor for PCa invasion. ROC results showed that the performance of the radiomics model was comparable to that of the clinical-radiomics model in predicting PCa invasion, and it was better than that of the single Gleason score. DCA also confirmed the considerable clinical application value of the radiomics and the clinical-radiomics models. Conclusion As a simple, non-invasive, and efficient method, the radiomics model has important predictive value for PCa invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- X-Ray Department, The No.1 People’s Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, People’s Republic of China
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Kim HH, Moon OJ, Seol YH, Lee J. A simple urine test by 3D-plus-3D immunoassay guides precise in vitro cancer diagnosis. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10489. [PMID: 37206218 PMCID: PMC10189436 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a variety of urinary cancer markers are available for in vitro diagnosis, inherent problems of urine environment-containing various inorganic/organic ions/molecules that vary in concentration over a 20-fold range or more and significantly attenuate antibody avidity for markers-render conventional immunoassays unsuitable, remaining unresolved and a major challenge. Here we developed a 3D-plus-3D (3p3) immunoassay method, based on a single-step urinary marker detection by 3D-antibody probes, which are free of steric hindrance and capable of omnidirectional capture of markers in a 3D solution. The 3p3 immunoassay showed an excellent performance in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) through detecting PCa-specific urinary engrailed-2 protein, demonstrating 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity with the urine specimens of PCa-related and other related disease patients and healthy individuals. This innovative approach holds a great potential in opening up a novel clinical route for precise in vitro cancer diagnosis and also pushing urine immunoassay closer to more widespread adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Ok Jeong Moon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Seol
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeewon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Pan X, Liu Y, Bao Y, Gao Y. Changes of development from childhood to late adulthood in rats tracked by urinary proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100539. [PMID: 37004987 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, studies of development have mainly focused on the embryonic stage and a short time thereafter. There has been little research on the whole life of an individual from childhood to aging and death. For the first time, we used non-invasive urinary proteome technology to track changes in several important developmental timepoints in a group of rats, covering 10 timepoints from childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and near death in old age. Similar to previous studies on puberty, proteins were detected involved in sexual or reproductive maturation, mature spermatozoa in seminiferous tubules (first seen), gonadal hormones, decline of oestradiol, brain growth, and central nervous system myelination, and our differential protein enrichment pathways also included reproductive system development, tube development, response to hormone, response to oestradiol, brain development, and neuron development. Similar to previous studies in young adults, proteins were detected involved in musculoskeletal maturity, peak bone mass, development of the immune system, and growth and physical development, and our differential protein enrichment pathways also included skeletal system development, bone regeneration, system development, immune system processes, myeloid leukocyte differentiation, growth, and developmental growth. Studies on aging-related changes in neurons and neurogenesis have been reported, and we also found relevant pathways in aged rats, such as regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity and positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity. However, at all timepoints throughout life, there were many biological pathways revealed by differential urinary protein enrichment involving multiple organs, tissues, systems, etc., that have not been mentioned in existing studies. This study shows comprehensive and detailed changes in rat lifetime development through the urinary proteome, helping to fill the gap in development research. Moreover, it provides a new approach to monitoring changes in human health and diseases of aging using the urinary proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzhen Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 100875
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 100875
| | - Yijin Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 100875
| | - Youhe Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 100875.
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Pan X, Liu Y, Bao Y, Wei L, Gao Y. Changes in the urinary proteome before and after quadrivalent influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946791. [PMID: 36275736 PMCID: PMC9585259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteome of urine samples from quadrivalent influenza vaccine cohort were analyzed with self-contrasted method. Significantly changed urine protein at 24 hours after vaccination was enriched in immune-related pathways, although each person’s specific pathways varied. We speculate that this may be because different people have different immunological backgrounds associated with influenza. Then, urine samples were collected from several uninfected SARS-CoV-2 young people before and after the first, second, and third doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. The differential proteins compared between after the second dose (24h) and before the second dose were enriched in pathways involving in multicellular organismal process, regulated exocytosis and immune-related pathways, indicating no first exposure to antigen. Surprisingly, the pathways enriched by the differential urinary protein before and after the first dose were similar to those before and after the second dose. It is inferred that although the volunteers were not infected with SARS-CoV-2, they might have been exposed to other coimmunogenic coronaviruses. Two to four hours after the third vaccination, the differentially expressed protein were also enriched in multicellular organismal process, regulated exocytosis and immune-related pathways, indicating that the immune response has been triggered in a short time after vaccination. Multicellular organismal process and regulated exocytosis after vaccination may be a new indicator to evaluate the immune effect of vaccines. Urinary proteome is a terrific window to monitor the changes in human immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzhen Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijin Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lilong Wei
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Youhe Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Youhe Gao,
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Islam Khan MZ, Tam SY, Law HKW. Advances in High Throughput Proteomics Profiling in Establishing Potential Biomarkers for Gastrointestinal Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:973. [PMID: 35326424 PMCID: PMC8946849 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) remain the most diagnosed cancers and accounted for the highest cancer-related death globally. The prognosis and treatment outcomes of many GICs are poor because most of the cases are diagnosed in advanced metastatic stages. This is primarily attributed to the deficiency of effective and reliable early diagnostic biomarkers. The existing biomarkers for GICs diagnosis exhibited inadequate specificity and sensitivity. To improve the early diagnosis of GICs, biomarkers with higher specificity and sensitivity are warranted. Proteomics study and its functional analysis focus on elucidating physiological and biological functions of unknown or annotated proteins and deciphering cellular mechanisms at molecular levels. In addition, quantitative analysis of translational proteomics is a promising approach in enhancing the early identification and proper management of GICs. In this review, we focus on the advances in mass spectrometry along with the quantitative and functional analysis of proteomics data that contributes to the establishment of biomarkers for GICs including, colorectal, gastric, hepatocellular, pancreatic, and esophageal cancer. We also discuss the future challenges in the validation of proteomics-based biomarkers for their translation into clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helen Ka Wai Law
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China; (M.Z.I.K.); (S.Y.T.)
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Ahn JH, Kang CK, Kim EM, Kim AR, Kim A. Proteomics for Early Detection of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Clinically Useful Urine Protein Biomarkers. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:395. [PMID: 35330146 PMCID: PMC8950253 DOI: 10.3390/life12030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men, and most cases are non-muscle-invasive. A high recurrence rate is a critical problem in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The availability of few urine tests hinders the effective detection of superficial and small bladder tumors. Cystoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis; however, it is associated with urinary tract infections, hematuria, and pain. Early detection is imperative, as intervention influences recurrence. Therefore, urinary biomarkers need to be developed to detect these bladder cancers. Recently, several protein candidates in the urine have been identified as biomarkers. In the present narrative review, the current status of the development of urinary protein biomarkers, including FDA-approved biomarkers, is summarized. Additionally, contemporary proteomic technologies, such as antibody-based methods, mass-spectrometry-based methods, and machine-learning-based diagnosis, are reported. Furthermore, new strategies for the rapid and correct profiling of potential biomarkers of bladder cancer in urine are introduced, along with their limitations. The advantages of urinary protein biomarkers and the development of several related technologies are highlighted in this review. Moreover, an in-depth understanding of the scientific background and available protocols in research and clinical applications of the surveillance of non-muscle bladder cancer is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hak Ahn
- Department of Urology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea;
| | - Chan-Koo Kang
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyeongbuk, Korea;
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyungbuk, Korea
| | - Eun-Mee Kim
- Department of Emergency Medical Technology, Korea Nazarene University, Cheonan 31172, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
| | - Ah-Ram Kim
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyeongbuk, Korea;
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyungbuk, Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Urology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea;
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Merae Alshahrani M. A glance at the emerging diagnostic biomarkers in the most prevalent genitourinary cancers. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2072-2084. [PMID: 35531253 PMCID: PMC9073037 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genitourinary cancers comprise of a heterogenous group of cancers of which renal cell carcinoma, urothelial bladder carcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma are the most commonly encountered subtypes. A lot of research is ongoing using various strategies for exploration of novel biomarkers for genitourinary cancers. These biomarkers would not reduce the need for invasive diagnostic techniques but also could be used for early and accurate diagnosis to improve the clinical management required for the disease. Moreover, selecting the appropriate treatment regimen for the responsive patients based on these biomarkers would reduce the treatment toxicity as well as cost. Biomarkers identified using various advanced techniques like next generation sequencing and proteomics, which have been classified as immunological biomarkers, tissue-specific biomarkers and liquid biomarkers. Immunological biomarkers include markers of immunological pathways such as CTLA4, PD-1/PDl-1, tissue biomarkers include tissue specific molecules such as PSA antigen and liquid biomarkers include biomarkers detectable in urine, circulating cells etc. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief introduction to the most prevalent genitourinary malignancies, including bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers along with a major focus on the novel diagnostic biomarkers and the importance of targeting them prior to genitourinary cancers treatment. Understanding these biomarkers and their potential in diagnosis of genitourinary cancer would not help in early and accurate diagnosis as mentioned above but may also lead towards a personalized approach for better diagnosis, prognosis and specified treatment approach for an individual.
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Wei J, Gao Y. Early disease biomarkers can be found using animal models urine proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:363-378. [PMID: 34058951 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1937133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early disease detection is a prerequisite for early intervention. Urine is not subjected to homeostatic control, and therefore, it accumulates very early changes associated with disease processes, some of which may be used as biomarkers. Animal models must be used to identify urinary changes associated with very early stages of diseases to avoid potential interfering factors and obtain urine samples at a sufficiently early time point before pathological or clinical manifestations occur. AREAS COVERED We reviewed recent (from 2009-2020) urine proteome studies using animal models of many diseases. We focused on early changes in urine proteome of animal models, particularly changes occurring prior to alterations in blood tests, light microscopy observations and clinical manifestations. Additional studies relevant to the topic were also extracted from the references of the cited papers. Changes in the urine proteome at different disease stages and the ability of the urine proteome to differentiate among different animal models are also discussed in this review. EXPERT COMMENTARY Urine proteomes of animal models may reflect early changes that occur even before changes in blood parameters, light microscopy observations and clinical manifestations, suggesting the potential use of urinary biomarkers for the very early detection of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Youhe Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
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11
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Kouba E, Lopez-Beltran A, Montironi R, Massari F, Huang K, Santoni M, Chovanec M, Cheng M, Scarpelli M, Zhang J, Cimadamore A, Cheng L. Liquid biopsy in the clinical management of bladder cancer: current status and future developments. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 20:255-264. [PMID: 31608720 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1680284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The use of liquid biopsy on the blood from solid malignancies provides a convenient way of detecting actionable mutations, monitoring treatment response, detecting early recurrence and prognosticating outcomes. The aim of this review is to discuss the current status and future direction of serum biomarkers in the clinical management of urinary bladder cancer.Areas covered: This review provides an overview of blood liquid biopsy and bladder cancer using methods of circulating tumors cells, circulating RNA, serum metabolites and cell-free DNA. Recent clinical studies and advances in methodology are emphasized. We performed a literature search using PMC/PubMed with keywords including 'liquid biopsy', 'circulating tumor DNA', 'cell-free DNA', 'biomarkers', 'bladder cancer' 'precision medicine'. Additional articles were obtained from the cited references of key articles. An emphasis was placed on recent studies published since 2018.Expert opinion: Liquid biopsies represent a potential biomarker using cell-free DNA, metabolomic profiles of altered cellular metabolism, circulating cancer cells and RNA. Despite displaying tremendous clinical promise, the current status of the blood liquid biopsies has not reached fruition. However, future investigations should lead the evolution of liquid biomarker into clinical utility for the management of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kouba
- Department of Pathology, Associated Pathologists at Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Antonio Lopez-Beltran
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Kun Huang
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Michal Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michael Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marina Scarpelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Dutta SB, Krishna H, Gupta S, Majumder SK. Fluorescence photo-bleaching of urine and its applicability in oral cancer diagnosis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:18-24. [PMID: 31394298 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photo-stability of urine is of crucial importance for the applicability of fluorescence spectroscopy of urine samples for diagnosis of cancer. We report the results of a detailed study on fluorescence photo-bleaching of human urine samples. We also present the results of a preliminary investigation on evaluation of the applicability of photo-bleaching characteristics of urine for discriminating patients with oral cancer from healthy volunteers. The time-lapse fluorescence induced by continuous shining of 405 nm radiation from a diode laser was recorded from the urine samples obtained from 18 patients with oral cancer as well as from 22 healthy volunteers with history of no known major illness in the past two months. The integrated fluorescence intensity (ΣI), calculated for each spectrum, was found to decrease with time till a point after which no further decrease was observed. Further, while significant differences were observed in the spectra of cancerous patients and healthy volunteers, these differences were found to be varying with time till the intensities of the observed fluorescence spectra corresponding to the two categories of urine samples became stable. The curve, generated by plotting ΣI vs. time, was found to be best fitted (R2 > 0.95) with a double-exponential decay function. The photo-bleaching constants, obtained from curve-fitting, were found to have statistically significant differences corresponding to the urine samples of cancerous patients and healthy volunteers. A classification algorithm developed based on nearest-mean classifier (NMC) and applied on the photo-bleaching constants in leave-one-subject-out cross-validation mode was found to provide a sensitivity and specificity of up to ∼ 86% in discriminating the two categories of urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surjendu Bikash Dutta
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India; Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
| | - Hemant Krishna
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sharad Gupta
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
| | - Shovan K Majumder
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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