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Lee T, Na CB, Kim D, Han HJ, Yun J, Park SK, Cho E. Osteoarthritis improvement effect of Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum extract in relation to genotype. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2023; 93:410-419. [PMID: 35023382 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To determine whether SNPs of osteoarthritis (OA)-related genes predict the effect of Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (CZ) extract in OA patients with OA. Subjects/methods: To analyze correlations between CZ extract effects in humans and their genotypes, 121 Korean patients with OA were recruited. Patients ingested 600 mg/day of the CZ extract GCWB106 (one tablet daily), including 250-mg CZ, or placebo (one tablet daily) for 12 weeks. Twenty SNPs were genotyped in 11 genes associated with OA pathogenesis, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and 9 genes involved in OA-related dietary intervention. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Korean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (K-WOMAC) were measured as indicators of GCWB106 effect. Statistical comparisons were performed using Kruskal-Wallis tests to identify associations between these scales and genotyped loci in patients with OA. Results: Three SNPs (PPARG rs3856806, MMP13 rs2252070, and ZIP2 rs2234632) were significantly associated with the degree of change in VAS pain score. Homozygous CC genotype carriers of rs3856806, G allele carriers (GA or GG) of rs2252070, and T allele carriers (GT or TT) of rs2234632 showed lower VAS score (i.e., less severe symptoms) in the GCWB106 group (n=53) than the placebo group (n=57) (p=0.026, p=0.009, and p=0.025, respectively). Gene-gene interaction effects on GCWB106-mediated pain relief were then examined, and it was found that the addition of each genotype resulted in a greater decrease in VAS pain score in the GCWB106 group (p=0.0024) but not the placebo group (p=0.7734). Conclusions: These novel predictive markers for the pain-relieving effects of GCWB106 may be used in the personalized treatment of patients with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeheon Lee
- Precision Medicine R&BD Center, GC Genome, Yongin, Korea
| | - Chae-Bin Na
- Genome Research Center, GC Genome, Yongin, Korea
| | - Dasom Kim
- Genome Research Center, GC Genome, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hae Jung Han
- Development Division, Green Cross WellBeing, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongbok Yun
- Development Division, Green Cross WellBeing, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Kyu Park
- Development Division, Green Cross WellBeing, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhae Cho
- Genome Research Center, GC Genome, Yongin, Korea
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Hwang J, Jang B, Choi YW, Han IO, Oh ES. Synergistic Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extracts from Chrysanthemum zawadskii Flower and Cudrania tricuspidata Fruit Occur via Inhibition of the NF- κB Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:8198228. [PMID: 37779580 PMCID: PMC10541301 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8198228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum zawadskii (CZ) and Cudrania tricuspidata (CT) are both traditional Korea herbal medicines, which is widely used to treat fever, cough, gastritis, and women's diseases that may be linked to inflammatory response. Although it has been used to treat diseases related to inflammation, there has been no case of the synergistic anti-inflammatory properties of both extracts. Our data revealed that ethanol extracts of dried whole CZ exhibited free radical-scavenging capacity in vitro, reduced LPS-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species, and decreased the LPS-induced upregulations of the mRNAs encoding iNOS, COX-2, and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells, without significant cytotoxicity. This anti-inflammatory effect was most evident from flower extracts: ethanol extracts from flowers significantly reduced the LPS-induced upregulations of iNOS and COX-2 at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. An ethanol extract of the fruit from CT also exerted a radical scavenging capacity and suppressed LPS-induced proinflammatory gene expression: 5.5 μg/ml of the ethanol extract significantly reduced the ability of LPS to induce the mRNA expression levels of iNOS and IL-6 without apparent cytotoxicity. Furthermore, as little as 1.0 μg/ml of the combined ethanol extracts of CZ flower and CT fruit reduced the LPS-induced changes monitored herein, decreasing the upregulations of iNOS and IL-6, and decreasing the nuclear localization of NF-κB p65. These results suggest that the observed synergistic anti-inflammatory effects may be mediated via inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Taken together, these data suggest that ethanol extracts from CZ flowers and CT fruits have synergistic anti-inflammatory effects and that a combination of the two extracts could prove useful for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohee Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Woo Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Inn-Oc Han
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Eok-Soo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Huang WY, Jeong I, Han BK, Kim MJ, Hong J, Ahn SII, Heo W, Pan JH, Kim JK, Shin EC, Kim YJ. Chrysanthemum Zawadskii Herbich var. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitamura water extract prevents BALB/c mice lung injury from particulate matter 10 toxicity. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2022.2064435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yan Huang
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Research Education Team for Omics-based Bio-health in Food Industry, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhye Jeong
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Research Education Team for Omics-based Bio-health in Food Industry, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Kyung Han
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoun Hong
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-I. I. Ahn
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Heo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Convergence Bioscience and Technology, Seowon University, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Pan
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jae Kyeom Kim
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Research Education Team for Omics-based Bio-health in Food Industry, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
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Ha JK, Kim JS, Kim JY, Yun JB, Kim YY, Chung KS. Efficacy of GCWB106 (Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum extract) in osteoarthritis of the knee: A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26542. [PMID: 34190191 PMCID: PMC8257904 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GreenCross Wellbeing Corporation (GCWB) 106 is a food item based on Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum extract. It has an inhibitory effect on joint inflammation. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the efficacy and safety of GCWB106 for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint. METHODS Overall, 121 participants with mild OA were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. One group received GCWB106 for 12 weeks and the other group received placebo for 12 weeks. Outcomes were evaluated using the Korean-Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index (K-WOMAC), visual analog scale, Korean Short Form Health Survey 36 score, and laboratory test results. RESULTS After 12 weeks of study treatment, the GCWB106 group exhibited a significant improvement compared with the placebo group in overall K-WOMAC score (P = .042) and K-WOMAC physical function score (P = .015). The GCWB106 group showed significant improvement in the visual analog scale pain score (P < .001) compared with the placebo group after 6 weeks and 12 weeks; no adverse drug reactions or serious adverse events were reported in either group. CONCLUSION GCWB106 can safely reduce pain and improve knee function with therapeutic effects in OA of the knee joint. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study, Level I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ku Ha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medical Center and Sports Medical Research Institute, Seoul Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seong Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medical Center and Sports Medical Research Institute, Seoul Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jong Bok Yun
- GC Wellbeing Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Young Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medical Center and Sports Medical Research Institute, Seoul Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Sung Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medical Center and Sports Medical Research Institute, Seoul Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Han JM, Song HY, Seo HS, Byun EH, Lim ST, Kim WS, Byun EB. Immunoregulatory properties of a crude extraction fraction rich in polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich var. latilobum and its potential role as a vaccine adjuvant. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107513. [PMID: 33756223 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to demonstrate the immunostimulatory effects of a polysaccharide isolated from Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich var. latilobum leaves (CP) and evaluate its potential as a vaccine adjuvant. Results showed that CP induced maturation of the dendritic cells (DCs). In addition, CP-treated DCs activated naïve T cells to polarized CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and substantially induced the production of IFN-γ and IL-2 in vitro. Furthermore, CP initiated the maturation of DCs via the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Interestingly, systemic administration of CP-treated DCs pulsed with ovalbumin (OVA) peptides significantly enhanced the immune response in vivo, which included the generation of antigen (OVA)-specific polyfunctional T cells, increased cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, induction of Th1-mediated humoral immunity, and suppression of tumor growth. Taken together, our study highlighted the immunoregulatory activity of CP as well as its potential as a candidate vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Moo Han
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Yeon Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Hong Byun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan 340-800, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Taik Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Baek Byun
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea.
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Byun JH, Choi CW, Jang MJ, Lim SH, Han HJ, Choung SY. Anti-Osteoarthritic Mechanisms of Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum in MIA-Induced Osteoarthritic Rats and Interleukin-1β-Induced SW1353 Human Chondrocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56120685. [PMID: 33321982 PMCID: PMC7762971 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (CZ), which has traditionally been used as a oriental tea in Asia, is known to have anti-inflammatory effects in osteoarthritis (OA). But the mechanism of these effects has not been made clear and it needs to be elucidated specifically for the clinical use of CZE in OA. Materials and Methods: To reveal this mechanism, we first identified which biomarkers were expressed in the joints of rats in which OA had been induced with monosodium iodoacetate and determined whether CZ extract (CZE) could normalize these biomarkers in the progression of OA. The anti-osteoarthritis effect of CZE was evaluated for its capability to inhibit levels of extracellular matrix (ECM)-degrading enzymes and enhance ECM synthesis. We also sought to identify whether the marker compound of CZE, linarin, has anti-osteoarthritic effects in the human chondrosarcoma cell line SW1353. Results: The changes in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were remarkable: among them, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-13 were most strongly induced, whereas their expressions were inhibited by CZE dose dependently. The expressions of the ECM synthetic genes, COL2A1 and ACAN, and the transcription factor SOX9 of these genes were reduced by OA induction and significantly normalized by CZE dose dependently. SOX9 is also a repressor of ECM-degrading aggrecanases, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5, and CZE significantly reduced the levels of these enzymes dose dependently. Similar results were obtained using the human chondrosarcoma cell line SW1353 with linarin, the biologically active compound of CZE. Conclusions: These anti-osteoarthritic effects suggest that CZE has mechanisms for activating ECM synthesis with SOX9 as well as inhibiting articular ECM-degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyuk Byun
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea;
| | - Chi-Won Choi
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea;
| | - Min-Jung Jang
- Department of Research, GREEN CROSS Wellbeing Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13595, Korea; (M.-J.J.); (S.H.L.); (H.J.H.)
| | - Su Hwan Lim
- Department of Research, GREEN CROSS Wellbeing Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13595, Korea; (M.-J.J.); (S.H.L.); (H.J.H.)
| | - Hae Jung Han
- Department of Research, GREEN CROSS Wellbeing Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13595, Korea; (M.-J.J.); (S.H.L.); (H.J.H.)
| | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea;
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-29-6103-72
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Deligiannidou GE, Papadopoulos RE, Kontogiorgis C, Detsi A, Bezirtzoglou E, Constantinides T. Unraveling Natural Products' Role in Osteoarthritis Management-An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E348. [PMID: 32340224 PMCID: PMC7222394 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural process of aging gradually causes changes in living organisms, leading to the deterioration of organs, tissues, and cells. In the case of osteoarthritis (OA), the degradation of cartilage is a result of both mechanical stress and biochemical factors. Natural products have already been evaluated for their potential role in the prevention and treatment of OA, providing a safe and effective adjunctive therapeutic approach. This review aimed to assess the therapeutic potential of natural products and their derivatives in osteoarthritis via a systematic search of literature after 2008, including in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, and animal models, along with clinical trials and meta-analysis. Overall, 170 papers were obtained and screened. Here, we presented findings referring to the preventative and therapeutic potential of 17 natural products and 14 naturally occurring compounds, underlining, when available, the mechanisms implicated. The nature of OA calls to initially focus on the management of symptoms, and, in that context, several naturally occurring compounds have been utilized. Underlying a global need for more sustainable natural sources for treatment, the evidence supporting their chondroprotective potential is still building up. However, arriving at that kind of solution requires more clinical research, targeting the implications of long-term treatment, adverse effects, and epigenetic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia-Eirini Deligiannidou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (R.-E.P.); (E.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Rafail-Efraim Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (R.-E.P.); (E.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Christos Kontogiorgis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (R.-E.P.); (E.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Anastasia Detsi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (R.-E.P.); (E.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Theodoros Constantinides
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (R.-E.P.); (E.B.); (T.C.)
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Olfactory Impact of Terpene Alcohol on Terpenes Aroma Expression in Chrysanthemum Essential Oils. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112803. [PMID: 30380636 PMCID: PMC6278414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The key point of our work was evaluating the impact of terpene alcohols on the aroma expression of terpenes recombination in Chrysanthemum essential oils. Using pure commercial products, various aromatic recombinations were prepared, consisting of terpenes recombination and six terpene alcohols, all the concentrations found in Chrysanthemum essential oils. There were five groups of terpene alcohols mixtures performed very interesting with the addition or omission tests. The “olfactory threshold” of the terpenes recombination had a notable decrease when adding isoborneol, d-Fenchyl alcohol respectively through the Feller’s additive model analysis. Furthermore, the descriptive test indicated that the addition of terpene alcohols mixture had the different effect on fruity, floral, woody, green, and herbal aroma intensity. Specifically, when isoborneol was added to the terpenes recombination in squalane solution, it was revealed that isoborneol had a synergy impact on herbal and green notes of the terpenes recombination and masked the fruity note.
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Hong JM, Shin JK, Kim JY, Jang MJ, Park SK, Lee JH, Choi JH, Lee SM. BST106 Protects against Cartilage Damage by Inhibition of Apoptosis and Enhancement of Autophagy in Osteoarthritic Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1257-1268. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeom-Yong Kim
- GREENCROSS WellBeing Corporation, Research Institute
| | - Min-Jung Jang
- GREENCROSS WellBeing Corporation, Research Institute
| | - Sun-Kyu Park
- GREENCROSS WellBeing Corporation, Research Institute
| | - Jong-Hoon Lee
- GREENCROSS WellBeing Corporation, Research Institute
| | - Jung-Hyo Choi
- GREENCROSS WellBeing Corporation, Research Institute
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Functional components in Scutellaria barbata D. Don with anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cells. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:31-40. [PMID: 29389569 PMCID: PMC9332654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the variety and amount of various functional components in Scutellaria barbata D. Don as well as study their anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cells. Both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were shown to contain the functional components including phenolics, flavonoids, chlorophylls, and carotenoids, with the former mainly composed of phenolics and flavonoids, and the latter of carotenoids and chlorophylls. Both extracts could significantly inhibit (p < 0.05) the production of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, interlukin-6, and interlukin-1β, as well as the expressions of phosphor extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphor-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), but failed to retard tumor necrosis factor-α expression. Both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts had a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory efficiency can be varied for both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts, which can be attributed to the presence of different varieties and amounts of functional components, as mentioned above. This finding suggested that S. Barbata extract may be used as an anti-inflammatory agent for possible future biomedical application.
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Park MJ, Song JH, Shon MS, Kim HO, Kwon OJ, Roh SS, Kim CY, Kim GN. Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Ethanol Extracts Prepared from Selected Medicinal Herbs in 3T3-L1 Cells. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2016; 21:227-235. [PMID: 27752499 PMCID: PMC5063208 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2016.21.3.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for various metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we prepared ethanol extracts from Agastache rugosa (ARE), Chrysanthemum zawadskii (CZE), Mentha arvensis (MAE), Perilla frutescens (PFE), Leonurus sibiricus (LSE), Gardenia jasminoides (GJE), and Lycopus coreanus (LCE). The anti-oxidant and anti-adipogenic effects were evaluated. The IC50 values for ascorbic acid and LCE against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals were 246.2 μg/mL and 166.2 μg/mL, respectively, followed by ARE (186.6 μg/mL), CZE (198.6 μg/mL), MAE (337.1 μg/mL), PFE (415.3 μg/mL), LSE (548.2 μg/mL), and GJE (626.3 μg/mL). In non-toxic concentration ranges, CZE had a strong inhibitory effect against 3T3-L1 adipogenes (84.5%) than those of the other extracts. Furthermore, the anti-adipogenic effect of CZE is largely limited in the early stage of adipogenesis, and we revealed that the inhibitory role of CZE in adipogenesis is required for the activation of Wnt signaling. Our results provide scientific evidence that the anti-adipogenic effect of CZE can be applied as an ingredient for the development of functional foods and nutri-cosmetics for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jun Park
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 51767, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Song
- Traditional and Biomedical Research Center, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | - Myung-Soo Shon
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 51767, Korea
| | - Hae Ok Kim
- Department of Nursing, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 51767, Korea
| | - O Jun Kwon
- Gyeongbuk Regional Industry Evaluation, Daegyeong Institute for Regional Program Evaluation, Daegu 38542, Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- Department of Herbology, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Gyo-Nam Kim
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 51767, Korea
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Xiao Z, Fan B, Niu Y, Wu M, Liu J, Ma S. Characterization of odor-active compounds of various Chrysanthemum essential oils by gas chromatography-olfactometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their correlation with sensory attributes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1009-1010:152-62. [PMID: 26735711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Volatiles of five kinds of Chrysanthemum essential oils with different manufactures were characterized by descriptive sensory analysis, gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and statistics analysis. Six sensory attributes (floral, woody, grassy, fruity, sour and minty) were selected to assess Chrysanthemum essential oils. A total of 38 volatile compounds were detected and quantified using standard substances by GC-O and GC-MS. Terpenes constituted the largest chemical group among the volatiles of the essential oils. Then partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to elucidate the relationship between sensory attributes and aroma compounds. The result showed that α-pinene, β-thujene, α-terpinolen, β-cubebene, caryophyllene, (Z)β-farnesene, (-)-spathulenol, linalool, camphor, camphene, 4-terpineol, Z-citral and 4-isopropyltoluene were typical aroma compounds covaried with characteristic aroma of Chrysanthemum essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuobing Xiao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China; Shanghai Research Institute of Fragrance & Flavor Industry, Shanghai 200232, PR China
| | - Binbin Fan
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Yunwei Niu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China.
| | - Minling Wu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Junhua Liu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
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Begum S, Gu LJ, Lee MR, Li Z, Li JJ, Hossain MJ, Wang YB, Sung CK. In vivo hair growth-stimulating effect of medicinal plant extract on BALB/c nude mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1098-1103. [PMID: 25612775 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.959614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (Asteraceae) (CZ) and Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (Polygonaceae) (PM) have been used traditionally to treat different systemic diseases and acclaimed for various biological activities including hair growth. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the hair restoration efficacy of selected medicinal plant extracts on nude mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nude mice genetically predisposed to pattern balding were used in this study. Topical methanol extracts of CZ and PM (10 mg/mouse/d) with standardized vehicle formulation, only vehicle (propylene glycol:ethanol:dimethyl sulfoxide, 67:30:3% v/v) and Minoxidil (2%) were applied daily for 40 consecutive days. RESULTS In our study, the maximum hair score (2.5 ± 0.29) was obtained in the CZ-treated group. Histological observation revealed a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the number of hair follicles (HF) in CZ-treated mice (58.66 ± 3.72) and Minoxidil-treated mice (40 ± 2.71). Subsequently, immunohistochemical analysis also confirmed the follicular keratinocyte proliferation by detection of BrdU-labeling, S-phase cells in Minoxidil and CZ-treated mouse follicular bulb and outer root sheaths. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the underlying mechanism of stimulating hair growth in athymic nude mice by repair the nu/nu follicular keratin differentiation defect. Thus, the topical application of CZ may represent a novel strategy for the management and therapy of certain forms of alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Begum
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
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Optimization of astilbin extraction from the rhizome of Smilax glabra, and evaluation of its anti-inflammatory effect and probable underlying mechanism in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Molecules 2015; 20:625-44. [PMID: 25569518 PMCID: PMC6272484 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Astilbin, a dihydroflavonol derivative found in many food and medicine plants, exhibited multiple pharmacological functions. In the present study, the ethanol extraction of astilbin from the rhizome of smilax glabra Roxb was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken design. Results indicated that the obtained experimental data was well fitted to a second-order polynomial equation by using multiple regression analysis, and the optimal extraction conditions were identified as an extraction time of 40 min, ethanol concentration of 60%, temperature of 73.63 °C, and liquid-solid ratio of 29.89 mL/g for the highest predicted yield of astilbin (15.05 mg/g), which was confirmed through validation experiments. In addition, the anti-inflammatory efficiency of astilbin was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Results showed that astilbin, at non-cytotoxicity concentrations, significantly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and TNF-α in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, but did not affect interleukin-6 (IL-6) release or its mRNA expression. These effects may be related to its up-regulation of the phosphorylation of p65, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK).
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Inhibitory Effect of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich var. latilobum Kitamura Extract on RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:509482. [PMID: 24174976 PMCID: PMC3794617 DOI: 10.1155/2013/509482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich var. latilobum Kitamura, known as “Gujulcho” in Korea, has been used in traditional medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. However, these effects have not been tested on osteoclasts, the bone resorbing cells that regulate bone metabolism. Here, we investigated the effects of C. zawadskii Herbich var. latilobum Kitamura ethanol extract (CZE) on osteoclast differentiation induced by treatment with the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). CZE inhibited osteoclast differentiation and formation in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of CZE on osteoclastogenesis was due to the suppression of ERK activation and the ablation of RANKL-stimulated Ca2+-oscillation via the inactivation of PLCγ2, followed by the inhibition of CREB activation. These inhibitory effects of CZE resulted in a significant repression of c-Fos expression and a subsequent reduction of NFATc1, a key transcription factor for osteoclast differentiation, fusion, and activation in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that CZE negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation and may be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of various bone diseases, such as postmenopausal osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis.
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Sa YJ, Park JH, Kim DH, Yeom MH, Cho JC, Kwon YS, Kim MJ. Comparative Study of Native Flowers for Anti-oxidative Effects in Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7732/kjpr.2013.26.4.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Buapool D, Mongkol N, Chantimal J, Roytrakul S, Srisook E, Srisook K. Molecular mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of Pluchea indica leaves in macrophages RAW 264.7 and its action in animal models ofinflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:495-504. [PMID: 23353896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE PLUCHEA INDICA LESS.: (Asteraceae) is a Thai medicinal plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of hemorrhoids, lumbago, leucorrhoea and inflammation. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of Pluchea indica leaf extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and also determined its action in acute inflammation animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inhibitory effect of Pluchea indica leaf extract on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated by Griess reaction. Protein and mRNA expressions were determined by real time RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter activity was evaluated by iNOS promoter based reporter gene assay. In vivo anti-inflammatory effect was examined in ethylphenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rat models. RESULTS Ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract of Pluchea indica leaves (EFPI) exhibited the potent inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-induced macrophages and also inhibited PGE2 release. EFPI reduced iNOS mRNA and protein expression through suppressed iNOS promoter activity and nuclear translocation of subunit p65 of nuclear factor-κB, but did not inhibit phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Moreover, EFPI possessed anti-inflammatory activities on acute phase of inflammation as seen in EPP-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema inrats. CONCLUSIONS These data support the pharmacological basis of Pluchea indica plant as a traditional herbal medicine for treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doungnapa Buapool
- Biological Science Program, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Saensook, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
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