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Kim NH, Choi HS, Lee MY, Seong H, Han NS, Hu HJ, Kim YS, Park JH. The Effects of Fermented Rice Drink With Lactiplantibacillus plantarum JSA22 in Overweight Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 30:194-207. [PMID: 38576369 PMCID: PMC10999840 DOI: 10.5056/jnm23184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims This study aims to investigate the effect of a fermented rice drink with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum JSA22 on symptoms, blood tests, microbiomes, and fecal metabolites in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) who were overweight. Methods Sixty overweight (body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2) patients aged between 20 and 65 with IBS were enrolled. Patients were divided into 2 groups and administered either a fermented rice drink or an nonfermented rice drink for a month. The symptom questionnaire, blood samples, and stool samples for microbiome and metabolite were collected before and after the month of rice drink administration. The primary efficacy variable was the subject's global assessment of IBS symptoms. Results In both groups, global IBS symptoms, including abdominal pain, bowel habit, urgency, and abdominal distension, improved significantly (P < 0.01). The abdominal bloating was more significantly improved in the fermented rice drink group than in the nonfermented rice drink group (P < 0.05). Significant changes were not observed in metabolic syndrome-related blood tests or fecal metabolites in either group. However, microbiome analysis showed significant differences in genus levels before and after consuming fermented rice drink, such as in Blautia in stool (P = 0.020) and Prevotella (P = 0.017) and Oribacterium (P = 0.018) in saliva. Conclusions The fermented rice drink with L. plantarum JSA22 showed a beneficial effect in reducing abdominal distension in IBS patients. Bacteria that reduce visceral fat accumulation increased in the stool and saliva of patients who consumed fermented rice drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Choi
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Moon Young Lee
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Hyunbin Seong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Nam Soo Han
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Hu
- Endomics, Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
- Gut & Food Healthcare Co, Ltd, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jadhav A, Jagtap S, Vyavahare S, Sharbidre A, Kunchiraman B. Reviewing the potential of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics: advancements in treatment of ulcerative colitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1268041. [PMID: 38145046 PMCID: PMC10739422 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1268041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) like Crohn's and ulcerative colitis (UC) are multifactorial pathologies caused by environmental factors and genetic background. UC is a chronic inflammatory disorder that specifically targets the colon, resulting in inflammation. Various chemical interventions, including aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biological therapies, have been extensively employed for the purpose of managing symptoms associated with UC. Nevertheless, it is important to note that these therapeutic interventions may give rise to undesirable consequences, including, but not limited to, the potential for weight gain, fluid retention, and heightened vulnerability to infections. Emerging therapeutic approaches for UC are costly due to their chronic nature. Alternatives like synbiotic therapy, combining prebiotics and probiotics, have gained attention for mitigating dysbiosis in UC patients. Prebiotics promote beneficial bacteria proliferation, while probiotics establish a balanced gut microbiota and regulate immune system functionality. The utilisation of synbiotics has been shown to improve the inflammatory response and promote the resolution of symptoms in individuals with UC through the stimulation of beneficial bacteria growth and the enhancement of intestinal barrier integrity. Hence, this review article aims to explore the potential benefits and underlying reasons for incorporating alternative approaches in the management of UC with studies performed using prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics to treat ulcerative colitis and to highlight safety and considerations in UC and future perspectives. This will facilitate the utilisation of novel treatment strategies for the safer and more efficacious management of patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Jadhav
- Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suresh Jagtap
- Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suresh Vyavahare
- Sai Ayurved Medical College, Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Archana Sharbidre
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bipinraj Kunchiraman
- Microbial Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT & Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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How to Improve Health with Biological Agents-Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091700. [PMID: 35565671 PMCID: PMC9103441 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper functioning of the human organism is dependent on a number of factors. The health condition of the organism can be often enhanced through appropriate supplementation, as well as the application of certain biological agents. Probiotics, i.e., live microorganisms that exert a beneficial effect on the health of the host when administered in adequate amounts, are often used in commonly available dietary supplements or functional foods, such as yoghurts. Specific strains of microorganisms, administered in appropriate amounts, may find application in the treatment of conditions such as various types of diarrhoea (viral, antibiotic-related, caused by Clostridioides difficile), irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, or allergic disorders. In contrast, live microorganisms capable of exerting influence on the nervous system and mental health through interactions with the gut microbiome are referred to as psychobiotics. Live microbes are often used in combination with prebiotics to form synbiotics, which stimulate growth and/or activate the metabolism of the healthy gut microbiome. Prebiotics may serve as a substrate for the growth of probiotic strains or fermentation processes. Compared to prebiotic substances, probiotic microorganisms are more tolerant of environmental conditions, such as oxygenation, pH, or temperature in a given organism. It is also worth emphasizing that the health of the host may be influenced not only by live microorganisms, but also by their metabolites or cell components, which are referred to as postbiotics and paraprobiotics. This work presents the mechanisms of action employed by probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, paraprobiotics, and psychobiotics, together with the results of studies confirming their effectiveness and impact on consumer health.
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Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics: Safe options for next-generation therapeutics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:505-521. [PMID: 35015145 PMCID: PMC8749913 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Probiotics have been considered as an economical and safe alternative for the treatment of a large number of chronic diseases and improvement of human health. They are known to modulate the host immunity and protect from several infectious and non-infectious diseases. The colonization, killing of pathogens and induction of host cells are few of the important probiotic attributes which affect several functions of the host. In addition, prebiotics and non-digestible food substances selectively promote the growth of probiotics and human health through nutrient enrichment, and modulation of gut microbiota and immune system. This review highlights the role of probiotics and prebiotics alone and in combination (synbiotics) in the modulation of immune system, treatment of infections, management of inflammatory bowel disease and cancer therapy. Key points • Probiotics and their derivatives against several human diseases. • Prebiotics feed probiotics and induce several functions in the host. • Discovery of novel and biosafe products needs attention for human health.
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Simon E, Călinoiu LF, Mitrea L, Vodnar DC. Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics: Implications and Beneficial Effects against Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062112. [PMID: 34203002 PMCID: PMC8233736 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is still a common functional gastrointestinal disease that presents chronic abdominal symptoms but with a pathophysiology that is not yet fully elucidated. Moreover, the use of the synergistic combination of prebiotics and probiotics, known as synbiotics, for IBS therapy is still in the early stages. Advancements in technology led to determining the important role played by probiotics in IBS, whereas the present paper focuses on the detailed review of the various pathophysiologic mechanisms of action of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics via multidisciplinary domains involving the gastroenterology (microbiota modulation, alteration of gut barrier function, visceral hypersensitivity, and gastrointestinal dysmotility) immunology (intestinal immunological modulation), and neurology (microbiota–gut–brain axis communication and co-morbidities) in mitigating the symptoms of IBS. In addition, this review synthesizes literature about the mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of prebiotics and synbiotics for patients with IBS, discussing clinical studies testing the efficiency and outcomes of synbiotics used as therapy for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elemer Simon
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.S.); (L.F.C.)
| | - Lavinia Florina Călinoiu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.S.); (L.F.C.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Laura Mitrea
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.S.); (L.F.C.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-747-341-881
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Gao J, Li X, Zhang G, Sadiq FA, Simal-Gandara J, Xiao J, Sang Y. Probiotics in the dairy industry-Advances and opportunities. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:3937-3982. [PMID: 33938124 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed a global surge in the application of probiotics as functional ingredients in food, animal feed, and pharmaceutical products. Among food industries, the dairy industry is the largest sector where probiotics are employed in a number of dairy products including sour/fermented milk, yogurt, cheese, butter/cream, ice cream, and infant formula. These probiotics are either used as starter culture alone or in combination with traditional starters, or incorporated into dairy products following fermentation, where their presence imparts many functional characteristics to the product (for instance, improved aroma, taste, and textural characteristics), in addition to conferring many health-promoting properties. However, there are still many challenges related to the stability and functionality of probiotics in dairy products. This review highlights the advances, opportunities, and challenges of application of probiotics in dairy industries. Benefits imparted by probiotics to dairy products including their role in physicochemical characteristics and nutritional properties (clinical and functional perspective) are also discussed. We transcend the traditional concept of the application of probiotics in dairy products and discuss paraprobiotics and postbiotics as a newly emerged concept in the field of probiotics in a particular relation to the dairy industry. Some potential applications of paraprobiotics and postbiotics in dairy products as functional ingredients for the development of functional dairy products with health-promoting properties are briefly elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiyu Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Yaxin Sang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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7
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Silva AB, Scudini H, Ramos GLPA, Pires RPS, Guimarães JT, Balthazar CF, Rocha RS, Margalho LP, Pimentel TC, Siva MC, Sant'Ana AS, Esmerino EA, Freitas MQ, Duarte MCKH, Cruz AG. Ohmic heating processing of milk for probiotic fermented milk production: Survival kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes as contaminant post-fermentation, bioactive compounds retention and sensory acceptance. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 348:109204. [PMID: 33930838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The survival kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes (9 log CFU/mL) as a post-fermentation contaminant in probiotic fermented milk (Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, 8-9 log CFU/mL) processed with milk subjected to ohmic heating (0, 4, 6, and 8 V/cm; CONV, OH4, OH6, OH8, 90-95 °C/5 min) was investigated using Weibull predictive model. Additionally, the presence of bioactive compounds (antioxidant activity, inhibition of the enzymes α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and angiotensin-converting) and sensory analysis (consumer test) of probiotic fermented milks were evaluated. Overall, OH provided a decrease in the viability of Listeria monocytogenes, suitable Lactobacillus acidophilus counts, and satisfactory results in the gastrointestinal tract survival. The Weibull model presented an excellent fit to the data of all conditions. Furthermore, lower δ values (217-298 against 665 h, CONV), and increased R2 values (0.99 against 0.98, CONV) were obtained for the OH-treated samples, emphasizing the best performance of OH data. In addition, OH improved the generation of bioactive compounds as well as the sensory acceptance. Indeed, considering functional and safety purposes, OH presented as an interesting technology to be used in milk for manufacturing probiotic fermented milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Veterinária, 24230-340 Niterói, Brazil
| | - Hugo Scudini
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Veterinária, 24230-340 Niterói, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Luis P A Ramos
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Veterinária, 24230-340 Niterói, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto P S Pires
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonas T Guimarães
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Veterinária, 24230-340 Niterói, Brazil
| | - Celso F Balthazar
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Veterinária, 24230-340 Niterói, Brazil; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ramon S Rocha
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Veterinária, 24230-340 Niterói, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa P Margalho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia C Siva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Erick A Esmerino
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Veterinária, 24230-340 Niterói, Brazil
| | - Mônica Q Freitas
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Veterinária, 24230-340 Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano G Cruz
- Instituto Federal do Paraná (IFPR), Paranavaí 87703-536, Brazil.
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Fructans with Varying Degree of Polymerization Enhance the Selective Growth of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 in the Human Gut Microbiome In Vitro. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Synbiotics aim to improve gastrointestinal health by combining pre- and probiotics. This study evaluated combinations of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 with seven fructans: oligofructoses (OF1-OF2; low degree of polymerization (DP)), inulins (IN1-IN2-IN3; high DP) and OF/IN mixtures (OF/IN1-OF/IN2). During monoculture incubations, all fructans were fermented by BB-12 as followed from increased BB-12 numbers and increased acetate and lactate concentrations, with most pronounced fermentation for low DP fructans (OF1-OF2). Further, short-term colonic incubations for three human donors revealed that also in presence of a complex microbiota, all fructans (particularly OF1) consistently selectively enhanced the growth of BB-12. While each fructan as such already increased Bifidobacteriaceae numbers with 0.94–1.26 log(cells/mL), BB-12 co-supplementation additionally increased Bifidobacteriaceae with 0.17–0.46 log(cells/mL). Further, when co-supplemented with fructans, BB-12 decreased Enterobacteriaceae numbers (significant except for IN1-IN3). At metabolic level, all fructans decreased pH due to increased acetate and lactate production, while OF/IN2-IN1-IN2-IN3 also stimulated propionate and butyrate production. BB-12 co-supplementation further increased propionate and butyrate for OF/IN2-IN3 and IN1-IN2, respectively. Overall, combinations of BB-12 with fructans are promising synbiotic concepts, likely due to intracellular consumption of low DP-fructans by BB-12 (either present in starting product or released upon fermentation by indigenous microbes), thereby enhancing effects of the co-administered fructan.
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An Overview of Gut Microbiota and Colon Diseases with a Focus on Adenomatous Colon Polyps. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197359. [PMID: 33028024 PMCID: PMC7582333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known and accepted that the gut microbiota composition of an organism has an impact on its health. Many studies deal with this topic, the majority discussing gastrointestinal health. Adenomatous colon polyps have a high prevalence as colon cancer precursors, but in many cases, they are hard to diagnose in their early stages. Gut microbiota composition correlated with the presence of adenomatous colon polyps may be a noninvasive and efficient tool for diagnosis with a high impact on human wellbeing and favorable health care costs. This review is meant to analyze the gut microbiota correlated with the presence of adenomatous colon polyps as the first step for early diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment.
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Bustamante M, Oomah BD, Oliveira WP, Burgos-Díaz C, Rubilar M, Shene C. Probiotics and prebiotics potential for the care of skin, female urogenital tract, and respiratory tract. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 65:245-264. [PMID: 31773556 PMCID: PMC7090755 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The prebiotics and probiotics market is constantly growing due to the positive effects of its consumption on human health, which extends beyond the digestive system. In addition, the synbiotic products market is also expanding due to the synergistic effects between pre- and probiotics that provide additional benefits to consumers. Pre- and probiotics are being evaluated for their effectiveness to treat and prevent infectious diseases in other parts of the human body where microbial communities exist. This review examines the scientific data related to the effects of pre- and probiotics on the treatment of diseases occurring in the skin, female urogenital tract, and respiratory tract. The evidence suggests that probiotics consumption can decrease the presence of eczema in children when their mothers have consumed probiotics during pregnancy and lactation. In women, probiotics consumption can effectively prevent recurrent urinary tract infections. The consumption of synbiotic products can reduce respiratory tract infections and their duration and severity. However, the outcomes of the meta-analyses are still limited and not sufficiently conclusive to support the use of probiotics to treat infectious diseases. This is largely a result of the limited number of studies, lack of standardization of the studies, and inconsistencies between the reported results. Therefore, it is advisable that future studies consider these shortcomings and include the evaluation of the combined use of pre- and probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Bustamante
- Center of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN and Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar 01145, Box 54-D,, Temuco, Chile.
| | - B Dave Oomah
- (Retired) Formerly with the National Bioproducts and Bioprocesses Program, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Wanderley P Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto/FCFRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Ave. do Café, s/n-Bloco Q, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto-SP, 14040-903,, Brazil
| | - César Burgos-Díaz
- Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center, CGNA, Las Heras 350, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mónica Rubilar
- Center of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN and Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar 01145, Box 54-D,, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carolina Shene
- Center of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN and Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar 01145, Box 54-D,, Temuco, Chile
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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12
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A synbiotic concept containing spore-forming Bacillus strains and a prebiotic fiber blend consistently enhanced metabolic activity by modulation of the gut microbiome in vitro. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS-X 2019; 1:100021. [PMID: 31517286 PMCID: PMC6733369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2019.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A standardized in vitro simulation of the human gastrointestinal tract (M-SHIME®) was used to assess the effect of repeated daily administration of a synbiotic formulation, containing five spore-forming Bacillus strains and a prebiotic fiber blend, on the microbial activity and composition of three simulated human subjects. Firstly, while confirming recent findings, deeper phylogenetic insight was obtained in the resident M-SHIME® microbiota, demonstrating that the model maintains a diverse and representative, colon region-specific luminal and mucosal microbial community. Supplementation of the synbiotic concept increased microbial diversity in the distal colon areas, whereas specific enhancement of Bacillaceae levels was observed in the ascending colon suggesting a successful engraftment of the Bacillus spores, which probably resulted in a stimulatory effect on, among others, Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Prevotellaceae, Tannerellaceae and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii contributing directly or indirectly to stimulation of acetate, propionate and butyrate production. When compared with a previous study investigating the Bacillus strains, the generated data suggest a synergistic effect on the intestinal microbiota for the synbiotic formulation. Given the fact that the probiotic strains have been shown to impact post-prandial metabolic endotoxemia in human individuals, it might be interesting to further investigate the efficacy of the synbiotic concept in protecting against obesity-related disorders.
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Key Words
- AC, ascending colon
- DC, descending colon
- Endotoxemia
- FOS, fructooligosaccharides
- Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
- Fructooligosaccharides
- GALT, gut associated lymphoid tissue
- GOS, galactooligosaccharides
- Galactooligosaccharides
- M-SHIME, mucosal Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem
- OTU, operational taxonomic unit
- Obesity
- SCFA, short-chain fatty acid
- TC, transverse colon
- XOS, xylooligosaccharides
- Xylooligosaccharides
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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Rodiño-Janeiro BK, Vicario M, Alonso-Cotoner C, Pascua-García R, Santos J. A Review of Microbiota and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Future in Therapies. Adv Ther 2018; 35:289-310. [PMID: 29498019 PMCID: PMC5859043 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-018-0673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), one of the most frequent digestive disorders, is characterized by chronic and recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel habit. The origin seems to be multifactorial and is still not well defined for the different subtypes. Genetic, epigenetic and sex-related modifications of the functioning of the nervous and immune-endocrine supersystems and regulation of brain-gut physiology and bile acid production and absorption are certainly involved. Acquired predisposition may act in conjunction with infectious, toxic, dietary and life event-related factors to enhance epithelial permeability and elicit mucosal microinflammation, immune activation and dysbiosis. Notably, strong evidence supports the role of bacterial, viral and parasitic infections in triggering IBS, and targeting microbiota seems promising in view of the positive response to microbiota-related therapies in some patients. However, the lack of highly predictive diagnostic biomarkers and the complexity and heterogeneity of IBS patients make management difficult and unsatisfactory in many cases, reducing patient health-related quality of life and increasing the sanitary burden. This article reviews specific alterations and interventions targeting the gut microbiota in IBS, including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, non-absorbable antibiotics, diets, fecal transplantation and other potential future approaches useful for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno K Rodiño-Janeiro
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Facultat de Medicina), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Vicario
- Translational Mucosal Immunology Group, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Facultat de Medicina), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Alonso-Cotoner
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Facultat de Medicina), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Santos
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Facultat de Medicina), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain.
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Krumbeck JA, Walter J, Hutkins RW. Synbiotics for Improved Human Health: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Opportunities. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2018; 9:451-479. [PMID: 29350558 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030117-012757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Research on combining pro- and prebiotics as synbiotics to enhance human and animal health has accelerated in the past 10 years, including many clinical trials that have assessed a diverse range of synbiotic formulations. In this review, we summarize these studies as well as the commercial applications of synbiotics that are available. In particular, we critically assess the claimed health benefits of synbiotic applications and the ecological and therapeutic factors to consider when designing synbiotics and discuss the implications of these concepts for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina A Krumbeck
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Robert W Hutkins
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA;
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15
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Markowiak P, Śliżewska K. Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1021. [PMID: 28914794 PMCID: PMC5622781 DOI: 10.3390/nu9091021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1018] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is colonised by a complex ecosystem of microorganisms. Intestinal bacteria are not only commensal, but they also undergo a synbiotic co-evolution along with their host. Beneficial intestinal bacteria have numerous and important functions, e.g., they produce various nutrients for their host, prevent infections caused by intestinal pathogens, and modulate a normal immunological response. Therefore, modification of the intestinal microbiota in order to achieve, restore, and maintain favourable balance in the ecosystem, and the activity of microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract is necessary for the improved health condition of the host. The introduction of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics into human diet is favourable for the intestinal microbiota. They may be consumed in the form of raw vegetables and fruit, fermented pickles, or dairy products. Another source may be pharmaceutical formulas and functional food. This paper provides a review of available information and summarises the current knowledge on the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on human health. The mechanism of beneficial action of those substances is discussed, and verified study results proving their efficacy in human nutrition are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Markowiak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Śliżewska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
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