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Zhao Y, Shi J, Feng B, Yuan S, Yue X, Shi W, Yan Z, Xu D, Zuo J, Wang Q. Multi-omic analysis of the extension of broccoli quality during storage by folic acid. J Adv Res 2024; 59:65-78. [PMID: 37406731 PMCID: PMC11081962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Folic acid (FA) is a critical metabolite in all living organisms and an important nutritional component of broccoli. Few studies have been conducted on the impact of an exogenous application of FA on the postharvest physiology of fruits and vegetables during storage. In this regard, the mechanism by which an exogenous application of FA extends the postharvest quality of broccoli is unclear. OBJECTIVE This study utilized a multicomponent analysis to investigate how an exogenous application of FA effects the postharvest quality of broccoli. METHODS Broccoli was soaked in 5 mg/L FA for 10 min and the effect of the treatment on the appearance and nutritional quality of broccoli was evaluated. These data were combined with transcriptomic, metabolomic, and DNA methylation data to provide insight into the potential mechanism by which FA delays senescence. RESULTS The FA treatment inhibited the yellowing of broccoli during storage. CHH methylation was identified as the main type of methylation that occurs in broccoli and the FA treatment was found to inhibit DNA methylation, promote the accumulation of endogenous FA and chlorophyl, and inhibit ethylene biosynthesis in stored broccoli. The FA treatment also prevented the formation of off-odors by inhibiting the degradation of glucosinolate. CONCLUSIONS FA treatment inhibited the loss of nutrients during the storage of broccoli, delayed its yellowing, and inhibited the generation of off-odors. Our study provides deeper insight into the mechanism by which the postharvest application of FA delays postharvest senescence in broccoli and provides the foundation for further studies of postharvest metabolism in broccoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China; State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Junyan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Bihong Feng
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shuzhi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xiaozhen Yue
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wenlin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhicheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Dongying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jinhua Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
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Sorrentino MC, Granata A, Cantalupo M, Manti L, Pugliese M, Giordano S, Capozzi F, Spagnuolo V. Seed Priming by Low-Dose Radiation Improves Growth of Lactuca sativa and Valerianella locusta. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:165. [PMID: 38256719 PMCID: PMC10818939 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Valerian salad and lettuce are edible species that are easy to grow rapidly, and have traits useful for commercial purposes. The consumption of these species is increasing worldwide for their nutritional properties. Seed germination and seedling development are critical stages in the life cycle of plants. Seed priming, including the use of high-energy radiation, is a set of techniques based on the idea that low stress levels stimulate plant responses, thereby improving seed germination and plant growth. In this study, we evaluated in hydroponic culture (i) the germination performance; (ii) morphological traits; and (iii) antioxidant and phenol contents at different endpoints in Lactuca sativa and Valerianella locusta that were developed from seeds exposed to X-rays (1 Gy and 10 Gy doses). Under radiation, biomass production increased in both species, especially in lettuce, where also a reduction in the mean germination time occurred. Radiation increased the level of phenols during the first growth weeks, under both doses for lettuce, and only 1 Gy was required for valerian salad. The species-specific responses observed in this research suggest that the use of radiations in seed priming needs to be customized to the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Sorrentino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.C.S.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (S.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Angelo Granata
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.C.S.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (S.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Martina Cantalupo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.C.S.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (S.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Manti
- Department of Physics, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Mariagabriella Pugliese
- Department of Physics, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Simonetta Giordano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.C.S.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (S.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Fiore Capozzi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.C.S.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (S.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Valeria Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.C.S.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (S.G.); (V.S.)
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Goswami A, Mitra A. Light spectra manipulation stimulates growth, specialized metabolites and nutritional quality in Anethum graveolens. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 249:112812. [PMID: 37972447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Light-Emitting Diodes (LED) play a major role in manipulating light spectra that helps in regulating the growth and specialized metabolite synthesis relevant to the plant defence system. In this study, we assessed photosynthetic performance, phytonutrients, and anatomical variations of an aromatic herb Anethum graveolens (also known as dill), grown under various combinations of LED lights viz. red (100R:0B), red:blue (50R:50B); blue (0R:100B) and warm white (WW, served as control). Exposure to 0R:100B LED lights led to the tallest stem height, whereas, the number of leaves were highest under 50R:50B LED lights. The photosynthetic performance was observed to be highest under 50R:50B LED lights. HPLC analysis revealed chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid as the major phenolic compounds accumulated under different spectral irradiations. The highest chlorogenic acid content was observed in 50R:50B LED treated dill plants, while 100R:0B light showed the highest accumulation of rosmarinic acid. Dill plants grown under 50R:50B light displayed a relatively higher content of volatile compounds including, myristicin (phenylpropene), psi-limonene, and α-phellandrene (monoterpenoids). Expression analyses of candidate genes of phenylpropanoid and monoterpenoid biosynthetic pathways showed good correlations with the enhanced phenolic compounds and monoterpenes detected under appropriate light treatments. Further, the stem anatomy revealed higher vascularization under the influence of 0R:100B LED lights, whereas, intense histochemical localization of specialized metabolites could be correlated with enhanced accumulation of phenolic compounds and terpenoids observed in this study. Taken together, these studies suggest that proper combinations of blue and red spectra of light could play important role to augment the growth and phytochemical characteristics of dill, thus improving its value addition in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Goswami
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India
| | - Adinpunya Mitra
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India.
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Voutsinos-Frantzis O, Karavidas I, Petropoulos D, Zioviris G, Fortis D, Ntanasi T, Ropokis A, Karkanis A, Sabatino L, Savvas D, Ntatsi G. Effects of NaCl and CaCl 2 as Eustress Factors on Growth, Yield, and Mineral Composition of Hydroponically Grown Valerianella locusta. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1454. [PMID: 37050080 PMCID: PMC10097257 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Corn salad (Valerianella locusta) is a popular winter salad, cultivated as an ingredient for ready-to-eat salads. The application of mild salinity stress (eustress) can increase the flavor and reduce the nitrate content of certain crops but, at the same time, a wrong choice of the eustress type and dose can negatively affect the overall productivity. In this research, the effects of different isosmotic salt solutions, corresponding to two different electrical conductivity (EC) levels, were investigated on the yield and mineral composition of hydroponically grown Valerianella locusta "Elixir". Five nutrient solutions (NS) were compared, including a basic NS used as the control, and four saline NS were obtained by adding to the basic NS either NaCl or CaCl2 at two rates each, corresponding to two isosmotic salt levels at a low and high EC level. Corn salad proved moderately susceptible to long-term salinity stress, suffering growth losses at both low and high EC levels of saline solution, except from the low NaCl treatment. Hence, it appears that mild salinity stress induced by NaCl could be employed as an eustress solution and corn salad could be cultivated with low-quality irrigation water (20 mM NaCl) in hydroponic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orfeas Voutsinos-Frantzis
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Karavidas
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Zioviris
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Fortis
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Ntanasi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Ropokis
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Anestis Karkanis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Leo Sabatino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Savvas
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Yang Y, Qiu Y, Ye W, Sun G, Li H. RNA sequencing-based exploration of the effects of far-red light on microRNAs involved in the shade-avoidance response of D. officinale. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15001. [PMID: 36967993 PMCID: PMC10035421 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale (D. officinale) has remarkable medicinal functions and high economic value. The shade-avoidance response to far-red light importantly affects the D. officinale productivity. However, the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs involved in the far-red light-avoidance response is unknown. Previous studies have found that, in D. officinale, 730 nm (far-red) light can promote the accumulation of plant metabolites, increase leaf area, and accelerate stem elongation. Here, the effects of far-red light on D. officinale were analysed via RNA-seq. KEGG analysis of miRNA target genes revealed various far-red light response pathways, among which the following played central roles: the one-carbon pool by folate; ascorbate and aldarate; cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis; and sulfur metabolism. Cytoscape analysis of DE miRNA targets showed that novel_miR_484 and novel_miR_36 were most likely involved in the effects of far-red light on the D. officinale shade avoidance. Content verification revealed that far-red light promotes the accumulation of one-carbon compounds and ascorbic acid. Combined with qPCR validation results, the results showed that miR395b, novel_miR_36, novel_miR_159, novel_miR_178, novel_miR_405, and novel_miR_435 may participate in the far-red light signalling network through target genes, regulating the D. officinale shade avoidance. These findings provide new ideas for the efficient production of D. officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yang
- College of Architectural Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, China
| | - Yuqiang Qiu
- Xiamen Institute of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Ye
- The Institute of Medicinal Plant, Sanming Academy of Agricultural Science, Sanming, China
| | - Gang Sun
- College of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, China
| | - Hansheng Li
- College of Architectural Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, China
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Phenolic Compounds Content Evaluation of Lettuce Grown under Short-Term Preharvest Daytime or Nighttime Supplemental LEDs. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091123. [PMID: 35567124 PMCID: PMC9105848 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the changes in phenolic compounds content in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Little Gem) depending on the preharvest short-term daytime or nighttime supplemental light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) lighting in a greenhouse during autumn and spring cultivation. Plants were grown in a greenhouse under HPS supplemented with 400 nm, 455 nm, 530 nm, 455 + 530 nm or 660 nm LEDs light for 4 h five days before harvest. Two experiments (EXP) were performed: EXP1—HPS, and LEDs treatment during daytime 6 PM–10 PM, and EXP2—LEDs treatment at nighttime during 10 AM–2 PM. LEDs’ photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was 50 and HPS—90 ± 10 µmol m−2 s−1. The most pronounced positive effect on total phenolic compounds revealed supplemental 400 and 455 + 530 nm LEDs lighting, except its application during the daytime at spring cultivation, when all supplemental LEDs light had no impact on phenolics content variation. Supplemental 400 nm LEDs applied in the daytime increased chlorogenic acid during spring and chicoric acid during autumn cultivation. 400 nm LEDs used in nighttime enhanced chlorogenic acid accumulation and rutin during autumn. Chicoric and chlorogenic acid significantly increased under supplemental 455 + 530 nm LEDs applied at daytime in autumn and used at nighttime—in spring. Supplemental LEDs application in the nighttime resulted in higher phenolic compounds content during spring cultivation and the daytime during autumn cultivation.
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Hornyák M, Dziurka M, Kula-Maximenko M, Pastuszak J, Szczerba A, Szklarczyk M, Płażek A. Photosynthetic efficiency, growth and secondary metabolism of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) in different controlled-environment production systems. Sci Rep 2022; 12:257. [PMID: 34997114 PMCID: PMC8741924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) are among the most commonly used light sources for plant cultivation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two controlled-environment production systems differing in light sources on growth, photosynthetic activity, and secondary metabolism of common buckwheat. We hypothesized that LED light with the majority of red and blue waves would increase physiological and biochemical parameters compared to sunlight supplemented with HPS lamps. The experiment was performed in a phytotronic chamber (LEDs) and in a greenhouse (solar radiation supplemented with HPS lamps as a control). The effects were analyzed at the flowering phase with biometric measurements, leaf chlorophyll index, the kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence, content of soluble carbohydrates and phenolics in the leaves. Applied LED light decreased the biomass but stimulated the production of phenolics compared to control plants. In control plants, a positive correlation between flavonoid content and energy dissipation from photosystem II (DIo/CSm) was found, while in plants under LEDs total pool of phenolic content correlated with this parameter and the quantum yield of electron transport (φ Ro and ψ Ro) was lower than that of the control, probably affecting buckwheat biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hornyák
- Department of Physiology, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239, Kraków, Poland. .,W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Kula-Maximenko
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Pastuszak
- Department of Physiology, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Szczerba
- Department of Physiology, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Szklarczyk
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Płażek
- Department of Physiology, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
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Chang J, Xie C, Wang P, Gu Z, Han Y, Yang R. Red light enhances folate accumulation in wheat seedlings. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:906-916. [PMID: 34783221 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Red, white, blue, green, and yellow lights were applied to investigate their effects on folate accumulation in wheat seedlings. The different lights, especially red light, significantly increased the total folate content. Total folate showed maximum accumulation under 30 μmol/(m2·s) of red light, with an increase of 24% compared with the control (darkness). 5-Methyl-tetrahydrofolate (5-CH3-THF) was the dominant folate component, and was significantly increased by red light irradiation. In addition, under red light, the folate content of leaves was higher and more sensitive to light than that of endosperm or roots. Red light up-regulated the expression of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) and aminodeoxychorismate synthase(ADCS), enhanced the activity of GCH1 and ADCS, and increased the content of precursors of folate synthesis, including pterin and p-aminobenzoic acid (pABA). Hence, the increased folate accumulation promoted by light could be attributed to the increased content of folate synthesis precursors, the activity of key enzymes, and related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Chang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chong Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pei Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenxin Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yongbin Han
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Runqiang Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Schmitzer V, Senica M, Slatnar A, Stampar F, Jakopic J. Changes in Metabolite Patterns During Refrigerated Storage of Lamb's lettuce ( Valerianella locusta L. Betcke). Front Nutr 2021; 8:731869. [PMID: 34692746 PMCID: PMC8526726 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.731869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamb's lettuce is a popular winter salad, often grown in private vegetable plots, small local farms or in intensive vegetable production. It is usually marketed as a ready-to-eat produce in supermarkets. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in biochemical composition and degradation of bioactive compounds during consumer-relevant time of home-grown and store-bought Valerianella locusta “Vit” salad. Primary metabolites, assimilatory pigments as well as secondary metabolites were monitored during 1 week of refrigerated storage. Home-grown lamb's lettuce exhibited highest levels of total sugars, total organic acids, vitamin C, and total phenolic content as well as enhanced levels of most individual phenolic compounds and chloroplast pigments. Locally produced samples of lamb's lettuce also contained high levels of analyzed bioactive components. All samples retained most bioactive components during the entire period of refrigerated storage. The results underline the instability of vitamin C during refrigerated storage of lamb's lettuce and pinpoint this parameter as being the most affected by storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Schmitzer
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Senica
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Slatnar
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franci Stampar
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jerneja Jakopic
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Toscano S, Cavallaro V, Ferrante A, Romano D, Patané C. Effects of Different Light Spectra on Final Biomass Production and Nutritional Quality of Two Microgreens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10081584. [PMID: 34451630 PMCID: PMC8399618 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
To improve microgreen yield and nutritional quality, suitable light spectra can be used. Two species-amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) and turnip greens (Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg)-were studied. The experiment was performed in a controlled LED environment growth chamber (day/night temperatures of 24 ± 2 °C, 16 h photoperiod, and 50/60% relative humidity). Three emission wavelengths of a light-emitting diode (LED) were adopted for microgreen lighting: (1) white LED (W); (2) blue LED (B), and (3) red LED (R); the photosynthetic photon flux densities were 200 ± 5 µmol for all light spectra. The response to light spectra was often species-specific, and the interaction effects were significant. Morphobiometric parameters were influenced by species, light, and their interaction; at harvest, in both species, the fresh weight was significantly greater under B. In amaranth, Chl a was maximized in B, whereas it did not change with light in turnip greens. Sugar content varied with the species but not with the light spectra. Nitrate content of shoots greatly varied with the species; in amaranth, more nitrates were measured in R, while no difference in turnip greens was registered for the light spectrum effect. Polyphenols were maximized under B in both species, while R depressed the polyphenol content in amaranth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Toscano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Valeria Cavallaro
- IBE-Istituto di BioEconomia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 95126 Catania, Italy; (V.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Daniela Romano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Patané
- IBE-Istituto di BioEconomia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 95126 Catania, Italy; (V.C.); (C.P.)
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Falcón J, Torriglia A, Attia D, Viénot F, Gronfier C, Behar-Cohen F, Martinsons C, Hicks D. Exposure to Artificial Light at Night and the Consequences for Flora, Fauna, and Ecosystems. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:602796. [PMID: 33304237 PMCID: PMC7701298 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.602796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review draws together wide-ranging studies performed over the last decades that catalogue the effects of artificial-light-at-night (ALAN) upon living species and their environment. We provide an overview of the tremendous variety of light-detection strategies which have evolved in living organisms - unicellular, plants and animals, covering chloroplasts (plants), and the plethora of ocular and extra-ocular organs (animals). We describe the visual pigments which permit photo-detection, paying attention to their spectral characteristics, which extend from the ultraviolet into infrared. We discuss how organisms use light information in a way crucial for their development, growth and survival: phototropism, phototaxis, photoperiodism, and synchronization of circadian clocks. These aspects are treated in depth, as their perturbation underlies much of the disruptive effects of ALAN. The review goes into detail on circadian networks in living organisms, since these fundamental features are of critical importance in regulating the interface between environment and body. Especially, hormonal synthesis and secretion are often under circadian and circannual control, hence perturbation of the clock will lead to hormonal imbalance. The review addresses how the ubiquitous introduction of light-emitting diode technology may exacerbate, or in some cases reduce, the generalized ever-increasing light pollution. Numerous examples are given of how widespread exposure to ALAN is perturbing many aspects of plant and animal behaviour and survival: foraging, orientation, migration, seasonal reproduction, colonization and more. We examine the potential problems at the level of individual species and populations and extend the debate to the consequences for ecosystems. We stress, through a few examples, the synergistic harmful effects resulting from the impacts of ALAN combined with other anthropogenic pressures, which often impact the neuroendocrine loops in vertebrates. The article concludes by debating how these anthropogenic changes could be mitigated by more reasonable use of available technology - for example by restricting illumination to more essential areas and hours, directing lighting to avoid wasteful radiation and selecting spectral emissions, to reduce impact on circadian clocks. We end by discussing how society should take into account the potentially major consequences that ALAN has on the natural world and the repercussions for ongoing human health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Falcón
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, CNRS FRE 2030, SU, IRD 207, UCN, UA, Paris, France
| | - Alicia Torriglia
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Ophtalmopole Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris - SU, Paris, France
| | - Dina Attia
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Claude Gronfier
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Waking Team, Inserm UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Ophtalmopole Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris - SU, Paris, France
| | | | - David Hicks
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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12
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Xu D, Zuo J, Fang Y, Yan Z, Shi J, Gao L, Wang Q, Jiang A. Effect of folic acid on the postharvest physiology of broccoli during storage. Food Chem 2020; 339:127981. [PMID: 32916399 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to explore the effect of folic acid on the postharvest physiology of broccoli placed in storage. Broccoli heads were immersed in 5 mg L-1 folic acid for 10 min, then stored at 20 ± 1 °C for 4 days. Results indicated that the postharvest treatment of broccoli with folic acid decreased the rate of flower opening and yellowing, inhibited weight loss, reduced the level of respiration, as well as ethylene generation. Folic acid-treated broccoli maintained their level of chlorophyll, total soluble solids, vitamin C, total phenolics, flavonoids, glucosinolate, and folic acid. Treated broccoli also exhibited reduced accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Concomitantly, antioxidant enzyme activity and corresponding gene expression were also enhanced. In contrast, chlorophyll-degrading enzyme gene expression was suppressed. These results indicated that folic acid treatment of broccoli could be used to prolong shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jinhua Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yalin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Zhicheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lipu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Aili Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China.
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Thoma F, Somborn-Schulz A, Schlehuber D, Keuter V, Deerberg G. Effects of Light on Secondary Metabolites in Selected Leafy Greens: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:497. [PMID: 32391040 PMCID: PMC7193822 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the primary metabolism, responsible for essential synthesis mechanisms and mass balance in plants, the secondary metabolism is not of particular importance for each cell but for the plant organism as its whole. Most of these metabolites show antioxidant properties and are beneficial for human health. In order to affect accumulation of those metabolites, light is an essential factor. It is possible to select various combinations of light intensity and light quality to address corresponding photoreceptors and synthesis. However, the plethora of additional variables considering environmental conditions such as temperature, relative humidity or cultivation method complicate defining specific "light recipes". This review summarizes experiments dealing with consumable leafy greens such as lettuce or basil and the enhancement of three selected metabolites - anthocyanins, carotenoids and flavonols.
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14
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Landi M, Zivcak M, Sytar O, Brestic M, Allakhverdiev SI. Plasticity of photosynthetic processes and the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants in response to monochromatic light environments: A review. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1861:148131. [PMID: 31816291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Light spectra significantly influence plant metabolism, growth and development. Here, we review the effects of monochromatic blue, red and green light compared to those of multispectral light sources on the morpho-anatomical, photosynthetic and molecular traits of herbaceous plants. Emphasis is given to the effect of light spectra on the accumulation of secondary metabolites, which are important bioactive phytochemicals that determine the nutritional quality of vegetables. Overall, blue light may promote the accumulation of phenylpropanoid-based compounds without substantially affecting plant morpho-anatomical traits compared to the effects of white light. Red light, conversely, strongly alters plant morphology and physiology compared to that under white light without showing a consistent positive effect on secondary metabolism. Due to species-specific effects and the small shifts in the spectral band within the same color that can substantially affect plant growth and metabolism, it is conceivable that monochromatic light significantly affects not only plant photosynthetic performance but also the "quality" of plants by modulating the biosynthesis of photoprotective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic; Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; Department of Plant Physiology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky lane 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan; King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Zhou F, Zuo J, Gao L, Sui Y, Wang Q, Jiang A, Shi J. An untargeted metabolomic approach reveals significant postharvest alterations in vitamin metabolism in response to LED irradiation in pak-choi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee). Metabolomics 2019; 15:155. [PMID: 31773368 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of low-level light emitting diode (LED) irradiation on the metabolite profile of pak-choi. A total of 633 different molecular features (MFs) were identified among sample groups (initial, dark-treated, light-treated) using an untargeted metabolomic approach. The identified metabolites were associated with 24 different metabolic pathways. Four of the pathways including carbon pool by folate, folate biosynthesis, thiamine metabolism, and glutathione metabolism, all of which are associated with vitamin biosynthesis, changed significantly. Metabolites in four of the pathways exhibited significant differences from the control in response to LED irradiation. Additionally, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, as well as glucosinolate biosynthesis, riboflavin metabolism, and carotenoid biosynthesis were positively induced by LED irradiation. These results indicate that postharvest LED illumination represents a potential tool for modifying the metabolic profile of pak-choi to maintain quality and nutritional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116600, China
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Jinhua Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lipu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Sui
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Aili Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116600, China.
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China.
| | - Junyan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Vaštakaitė V, Viršilė A, Brazaitytė A, Samuolienė G, Jankauskienė J, Novičkovas A, Duchovskis P. Pulsed Light-Emitting Diodes for a Higher Phytochemical Level in Microgreens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6529-6534. [PMID: 28618783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel research of pulsed light-emitting diode (LED) lighting versus continuous lighting was conducted by analyzing phytochemical levels in microgreens. Red pak choi (Brassica rapa var. chinensis), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), and tatsoi (Brassica rapa var. rosularis) were grown indoors under HPS lamps supplemented with monochromatic (455, 470, 505, 590, and 627 nm) LEDs [total photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 200 ± 10 μmol m-2 s-1, for 16 h day-1]. For pulsed light treatments, the frequencies at 2, 32, 256, and 1024 Hz with a duty cycle of 50% monochromatic LEDs were applied. The results were compared to those under the continuous light (0 Hz) condition in terms of total phenolic content, anthocyanins, and antiradical activity (DPPH). The summarized data suggested that pulsed light affected accumulation of secondary metabolites both positive and negative in microgreens. The significant differences in the response of phytochemicals between pulsed light at several frequencies and continuous light were determined. The most positive effects of 2, 256, and 1024 Hz for total phenolic compounds in mustard under all wavelength LEDs were achieved. The LED frequencies at 2 and 32 Hz were the most suitable for accumulation of anthocyanins in red pak choi and tatsoi. The highest antiradical activity under the treatments of 32, 256, and 1024 Hz in mustard and under the 2 Hz frequency in red pak choi and tatsoi was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Vaštakaitė
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry , Kaunas Street 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Akvilė Viršilė
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry , Kaunas Street 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Aušra Brazaitytė
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry , Kaunas Street 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Giedrė Samuolienė
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry , Kaunas Street 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Julė Jankauskienė
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry , Kaunas Street 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Novičkovas
- Institute of Applied Research, Vilnius University , Saulėtekio Alėja 9, Building III, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Pavelas Duchovskis
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry , Kaunas Street 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Kaunas District, Lithuania
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17
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Liu F, Xiang N, Hu JG, Shijuan Y, Xie L, Brennan CS, Huang W, Guo X. The manipulation of gene expression and the biosynthesis of Vitamin C, E and folate in light-and dark-germination of sweet corn seeds. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7484. [PMID: 28790401 PMCID: PMC5548755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the potential interrelationship between gene expression and biosynthesis of vitamin C, E and folate in sweet corn sprouts. Germination of sweet corn kernels was conducted in light and dark environments to determine if this relationship was regulated by photo-illumination. Results indicated that light and dark environments affected the DHAR, TMT and GTPCH expression and that these genes were the predominant genes of vitamin C, E and folate biosynthesis pathways respectively during the germination. Levels of vitamin C and folate increased during the germination of sweet corn seeds while vitamin E had a declining manner. Sweet corn sprouts had higher vitamin C and E levels as well as relevant gene expression levels in light environment while illumination had little influence on the folate contents and the gene expression levels during the germination. These results indicate that there might be a collaborative relationship between vitamin C and folate regulation during sweet corn seed germination, while an inhibitive regulation might exist between vitamin C and E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Jian Guang Hu
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yan Shijuan
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lihua Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Charles Stephen Brennan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Bioscience, Lincoln University, Canterbury, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
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18
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Samuolienė G, Viršilė A, Brazaitytė A, Jankauskienė J, Sakalauskienė S, Vaštakaitė V, Novičkovas A, Viškelienė A, Sasnauskas A, Duchovskis P. Blue light dosage affects carotenoids and tocopherols in microgreens. Food Chem 2017; 228:50-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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