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Nontargeted Metabolomics as a Screening Tool for Estimating Bioactive Metabolites in the Extracts of 50 Indigenous Korean Plants. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090585. [PMID: 34564401 PMCID: PMC8468114 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many indigenous Korean plants have been used in medicinal preparations and health-promoting foods. These plant species contain beneficial metabolites with various bioactivities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Herein, we suggest a new screening strategy using metabolomics to explore the bioactive compounds in 50 Korean plants. Secondary metabolites were analyzed using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS. The plant extracts were subjected to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays. We identified metabolites that contributed to bioactivities according to the results of bioassays and multivariate analyses. Using Pearson’s correlation, phenolics (e.g., casuarictin, 3-O-methylellagic acid) showed positive correlation with antioxidant activity, while biflavonoids (e.g., amentoflavone, rosbustaflavone) were correlated with nitric oxide (NO) inhibition activity. To compensate for the limitation of this new strategy, we further validated these by investigating three parts (branches, fruits, leaves) of Platycladus orientalis which showed high activities on both bioassays. Unlike the above observation, we identified significantly different metabolites from different parts, which was not the results of bioassays. In these validation steps, interestingly, biflavonoids (e.g., robustaflavone, sciadopitysin) contributed to both activities in P. orientalis. The findings of this work suggest that new strategy could be more beneficial in the identification of bioactive plant species as well as that of their corresponding bioactive compounds that impart the bioactivity.
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Hartini Y, Saputra B, Wahono B, Auw Z, Indayani F, Adelya L, Namba G, Hariono M. Biflavonoid as potential 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) inhibitor of SARS-Coronavirus. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 3:100087. [PMID: 33520632 PMCID: PMC7832947 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2020.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
3CL protease is one of the key proteins expressed by SARS-Coronavirus-2 cell, the potential to be targeted in the discovery of antivirus during this COVID-19 pandemic. This protein regulates the proteolysis of viral polypeptide essential in forming RNA virus. 3CL protease (3CLpro) was commonly targeted in the previous SARS-Coronavirus including bat and MERS, hence, by blocking this protein activity, the coronavirus should be eradicated. This study aims to review the potency of biflavonoid as the SARS-Coronavirus-2 3CLpro inhibitor. The review was initiated by describing the chemical structure of biflavonoid and followed by listing its natural source. Instead, the synthetic pathway of biflavonoid was also elaborated. The 3CLpro structure and its function were also illustrated followed by the list of its 3D-crystal structure available in a protein data bank. Lastly, the pharmacophores of biflavonoid have been identified as a protease inhibitor, was also discussed. This review hopefully will help researchers to obtain packed information about biflavonoid which could lead to the study in designing and discovering a novel SARS-Coronavirus-2 drug by targetting the 3CLpro enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yustina Hartini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus III, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bakti Saputra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus III, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bryan Wahono
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus III, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Zerlinda Auw
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus III, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Friska Indayani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus III, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lintang Adelya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus III, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Gabriel Namba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus III, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maywan Hariono
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus III, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Almeida RLJ, Santos NC, Alves IL, André AMMCN. Evaluation of thermodynamic properties and antioxidant activities of Achachairu (
Garcinia humilis
) peels under drying process. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Newton Carlos Santos
- Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil
| | - Israel Luna Alves
- Department of Food Science and Technology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
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High-intensity ultrasound-assisted extraction of Garcinia madruno biflavonoids: Mechanism, kinetics, and productivity. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Demenciano SDC, Silva MCBLE, Alexandrino CAF, Kato Junior WH, Figueiredo PDO, Garcez WS, Campos RP, Guimarães RDCA, Sarmento UC, Bogo D. Antiproliferative Activity and Antioxidant Potential of Extracts of Garcinia gardneriana. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143201. [PMID: 32674257 PMCID: PMC7397228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity, the antioxidant potential, and the chemical profile obtained from the whole fruit and from leaves of Garcinia gardneriana, a fruit tree from Brazilian Cerrado. To determine in vitro antiproliferative activity, the following neoplastic cell lines were considered, along with an immortalized nontumor cell line. The antioxidant potential was determined, and the evaluation of antiradical air activity was performed. The levels of vitamin C and carotenoids were determined. The chemical profile was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and a mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization interface. The chloroform fraction of the leaf showed antioxidant activity. The vitamin C content had lower values in fruits and higher in leaves. The content of carotenoids for fruits and leaves was expressive. The ethanolic extract and the hexane and chloroform fractions of fruits were active in all neoplastic lines tested. The leaves showed cytotoxic activity in the hexane fraction in the breast carcinoma line. The analysis of data obtained verified the presence of dimers, monomers, and tetramers of hexoses, polycarboxylic acids, xanthones, flavonoids, biflavonoids, and benzophenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone da Cunha Demenciano
- Molecular Biology and Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods and Nutrition (Facfan), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.d.C.D.); (M.C.B.L.eS.); (C.A.F.A.); (D.B.)
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil;
| | - Magalli Costa Barbosa Lima e Silva
- Molecular Biology and Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods and Nutrition (Facfan), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.d.C.D.); (M.C.B.L.eS.); (C.A.F.A.); (D.B.)
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil;
| | - Caroline Almeida Farias Alexandrino
- Molecular Biology and Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods and Nutrition (Facfan), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.d.C.D.); (M.C.B.L.eS.); (C.A.F.A.); (D.B.)
| | - Wilson Hino Kato Junior
- Laboratory PRONABio (Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products)—Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (W.H.K.J.); (P.d.O.F.); (R.P.C.)
| | - Patrícia de Oliveira Figueiredo
- Laboratory PRONABio (Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products)—Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (W.H.K.J.); (P.d.O.F.); (R.P.C.)
| | - Walmir Silva Garcez
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory PRONABio (Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products)—Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (W.H.K.J.); (P.d.O.F.); (R.P.C.)
| | - Raquel Pires Campos
- Laboratory PRONABio (Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products)—Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (W.H.K.J.); (P.d.O.F.); (R.P.C.)
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-67-3345-7416
| | - Ulana Chaves Sarmento
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Foods, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Molecular Biology and Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods and Nutrition (Facfan), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.d.C.D.); (M.C.B.L.eS.); (C.A.F.A.); (D.B.)
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil;
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Carrillo-Hormaza L, Ramírez AM, Osorio E. Chemometric classification of Garcinia madruno raw material: Impact of the regional origin and ripeness stage of a neotropical exotic species. Food Chem 2019; 293:291-298. [PMID: 31151614 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Garcinia madruno is a neotropical tree characterized by its exotic fruit and its functional compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression and variability of the chemical markers of G. madruno according to the part of the plant used, the origin and the ripeness stage by applying chemometric tools. A total of 167 samples were evaluated, and 27 compounds were quantified per sample. The expression of amentoflavone, morelloflavone-type biflavonoids and polyisoprenylated benzophenones (PIBs) promoted intergroup differentiation, whereas the expression of GB-2a-type biflavonoids promoted intragroup cluster generation. Epicarp was the main source of biflavonoids and the secondary source of PIBs, with values up to 25% in some individuals. The origin of the fruit significantly impacted the expression of metabolites, whereas the ripeness stage did not. The results indicate that epicarp is a good source of functional compounds and, with appropriately agronomic development, could be improved even more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Carrillo-Hormaza
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, 050010 Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Ana M Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, 050010 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Edison Osorio
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, 050010 Medellín, Colombia.
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Zan RA, Fernandes Â, Jedoz S, Oludemi T, Calhelha RC, Pires TCSP, Alves MJ, Martins RCC, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Bioactive properties and phytochemical assessment of Bacupari-anão (Garcinia brasiliensis Mart.) leaves native to Rondônia, Brazil. Food Funct 2018; 9:5621-5628. [PMID: 30302477 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01474d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leaf fractions of Garcinia brasiliensis were evaluated concerning their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties, and the most active fraction was then fully characterized regarding its phenolic composition using HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn. The ethyl acetate fraction from partitioning of the methanolic leaf extract revealed a strong antioxidant activity that was comparable to Trolox, the positive control. This fraction was also able to show a significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the fungus Candida albicans. However, the dichloromethane fraction was found to present the highest anti-inflammatory (83 ± 9 μg mL-1) and cytotoxic activities, thus presenting slight toxicity using a non-tumor cell line. Regarding the phenolic profile, the ethyl acetate fraction presented twelve flavonoids, with morelloflavone-7''-O-glucoside (52.1 ± 0.4 mg g-1) and gardinia biflavonoid 2a glucoside (27.5 ± 0.2 mg g-1) being the major compounds identified. These results indicate that leaves of G. brasiliensis might be a potential source of natural biomolecules for pharmaceutical and medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato André Zan
- Instituto Federal de Rondônia (IFRO), Campus Ji-Paraná, Rondônia, Brazil
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Achachairú (Garcinia humilis): chemical characterization, antioxidant activity and mineral profile. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Sabogal-Guáqueta AM, Carrillo-Hormaza L, Osorio E, Cardona-Gómez GP. Effects of biflavonoids from Garcinia madruno on a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:128-138. [PMID: 29229355 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is pathologically characterized by the deposition of β-amyloid (βA) peptides in senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Flavonoids have recently been used to prevent and treat a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, but little is known about bioflavonoids. In this study, we evaluate whether a biflavonoid fraction (BF) exerts neuroprotective effects on an aged triple transgenic mouse mode of AD (3xTg-AD). Then, 21-24-month-old 3xTg AD mice were i.p. injected with 25mg/kg of a BF from Garcinia madruno composed of morelloflavone (65%), volkensiflavone (12%), GB 2a (11%), fukugiside (6%) and amentoflavone (0.4%) every 48h for 3 months. The BF treatment reduced βA deposition in different regions of the brain (the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and amygdala), reduced βA1-40 and βA1-42 levels, BACE1-mediated cleavage of APP (CTFβ), tau pathology, astrogliosis and microgliosis in the brains of aged 3xTg-AD mice. Although the BF treatment weakly improved learning, animals treated with BF spent more time in the open arms of the elevated plus maze test and displayed greater risk assessment behavior than the control groups. In summary, the BF reverses histopathological hallmarks and reduces emotional disorders in the 3xTg-AD mouse model, suggesting that the biflavonoids from G. madruno represent a potential natural therapeutic option for AD if its bioavailability is improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Maria Sabogal-Guáqueta
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area - School of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Luis Carrillo-Hormaza
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquía, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Edison Osorio
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquía, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gómez
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area - School of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.
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Barros RGC, Andrade JKS, Denadai M, Nunes ML, Narain N. Evaluation of bioactive compounds potential and antioxidant activity in some Brazilian exotic fruit residues. Food Res Int 2017; 102:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tabares-Guevara JH, Lara-Guzmán OJ, Londoño-Londoño JA, Sierra JA, León-Varela YM, Álvarez-Quintero RM, Osorio EJ, Ramirez-Pineda JR. Natural Biflavonoids Modulate Macrophage-Oxidized LDL Interaction In Vitro and Promote Atheroprotection In Vivo. Front Immunol 2017; 8:923. [PMID: 28824646 PMCID: PMC5543092 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of oxidized ApoB-100-containing lipoproteins in the vascular intima and its subsequent recognition by macrophages results in foam cell formation and inflammation, key events during atherosclerosis development. Agents targeting this process are considered potentially atheroprotective. Since natural biflavonoids exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, we evaluated the atheroprotective effect of biflavonoids obtained from the tropical fruit tree Garcinia madruno. To this end, the pure biflavonoid aglycones morelloflavone (Mo) and volkensiflavone (Vo), as well as the morelloflavone's glycoside fukugiside (Fu) were tested in vitro in primary macrophages, whereas a biflavonoid fraction with defined composition (85% Mo, 10% Vo, and 5% Amentoflavone) was tested in vitro and in vivo. All biflavonoid preparations were potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay, and most importantly, protected low-density lipoprotein particle from both lipid and protein oxidation. In biflavonoid-treated macrophages, the surface expression of the oxidized LDL (oxLDL) receptor CD36 was significantly lower than in vehicle-treated macrophages. Uptake of fluorescently labeled oxLDL and cholesterol accumulation were also attenuated in biflavonoid-treated macrophages and followed a pattern that paralleled that of CD36 surface expression. Fu and Vo inhibited oxLDL-induced ROS production and interleukin (IL)-6 secretion, respectively, whereas all aglycones, but not the glucoside Fu, inhibited the secretion of one or more of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-12p70, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Interestingly, in macrophages primed with low-dose LPS and stimulated with cholesterol crystals, IL-1β secretion was significantly and comparably inhibited by all biflavonoid preparations. Intraperitoneal administration of the defined biflavonoid fraction into ApoE-/- mice was atheroprotective, as evidenced by the reduction of the atheromatous lesion size and the density of T cells and macrophages infiltrating the aortic root; moreover, this treatment also lowered the circulating levels of cholesterol and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde. These results reveal the potent atheroprotective effects exerted by biflavonoids on key events of the oxLDL-macrophage interphase: (i) atheroligand formation, (ii) atheroreceptor expression, (iii) foam cell transformation, and (iv) prooxidant/proinflammatory macrophage response. Furthermore, our results also evidence the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipemiant, and atheroprotective effects of Garcinia madruno's biflavonoids in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar J Lara-Guzmán
- Grupo Inmunomodulación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Julian A Londoño-Londoño
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jelver A Sierra
- Grupo Inmunomodulación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yudy M León-Varela
- Grupo Inmunomodulación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Rafael M Álvarez-Quintero
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Edison J Osorio
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - José R Ramirez-Pineda
- Grupo Inmunomodulación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Akpanika GA, Winters A, Wilson T, Ayoola GA, Adepoju-Bello AA, Hauck B. Polyphenols from Allanblackia floribunda seeds: Identification, quantification and antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2016; 222:35-42. [PMID: 28041556 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oil rich seeds of Allanblackia floribunda, a tree from tropical Africa, have traditionally been used in food preparation. Furthermore, the therapeutic properties of various parts of this tree have long been exploited in traditional medicine. As both food and pharmaceutical industries show growing interest in tropical tree crops, this study aimed to investigate whether A. floribunda seeds could also be used as a source of potentially bioactive compounds. The polyphenol profile revealed six predominant compounds which were identified by HPLC-PDA-ESI/MSn as the biflavonoids morelloflavone, Gb-2a and volkensiflavone and their respective glucosides. A range of less abundant flavones, flavonols and flavan-3-ols was also detected. All six major compounds showed antioxidant activity, with the activity of morelloflavone, its glucoside and Gb-2a-glucoside comparable with that of ascorbic acid. The main compounds accounted for approximately 10% of dry weight, making the seeds used for oil production a rich source of biflavonoids as a by-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Akpanika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Ana Winters
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK.
| | - Thomas Wilson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK.
| | - Gloria A Ayoola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Aderonke A Adepoju-Bello
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK.
| | - Barbara Hauck
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK.
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