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Lu Y, Chen H, Chen Y, Zhao L, Hou S. Accumulated LPS induced by colitis altered the activities of vitamin D-metabolizing hydroxylases and decreased the generation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 395:110997. [PMID: 38588969 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that low vitamin D (VD) levels are associated with a high prevalence factor for Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD patients have observed higher levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ALT, and AST than healthy people. Gut-derived LPS causes inflammatory injury in the liver and kidney. The VD-metabolizing mechanism is involved in the liver and kidney, which means IBD might impact VD metabolism. However, whether IBD affects VD metabolism has not been studied. In vitro LPS resulted in decreased CYP2R1 in liver cells as well as decreased CYP27B1 and increased CYP24A1 in kidney cells, revealing that LPS changed the activities of several hydroxylases. Mice with acute colitis had an increased LPS in serum and liver with mild hepatic injuries, while mice with chronic colitis had a significant elevation of LPS in serum, liver, and kidney with hepatorenal injuries. Thus, the liver hydroxylase for VD metabolism would be the first to be affected in IBD. Consequently, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D declined dramatically with a significant elevation of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D. Unchanged serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D might be the result of other factors in vivo. In acute colitis, a small dosage (4 IU/day) of cholecalciferol could protect the colon, decrease the serum level of LPS, and finally increase serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. However, this improvement of cholecalciferol was fading in chronic colitis. These results suggested that VD supplementations for preventing and curing IBD in the clinic should consider hepatorenal hydroxylases and be employed as soon as possible for a better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Lu
- Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yonger Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Shaozhen Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, PR China.
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Dihydrochalcones in Sweet Tea: Biosynthesis, Distribution and Neuroprotection Function. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248794. [PMID: 36557927 PMCID: PMC9782792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sweet tea is a popular herbal drink in southwest China, and it is usually made from the shoots and tender leaves of Lithocarpus litseifolius. The sweet taste is mainly attributed to its high concentration of dihydrochalcones. The distribution and biosynthesis of dihydrochaldones in sweet tea, as well as neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo tests, are reviewed in this paper. Dihydrochalones are mainly composed of phloretin and its glycosides, namely, trilobatin and phloridzin, and enriched in tender leaves with significant geographical specificity. Biosynthesis of the dihydrochalones follows part of the phenylpropanoid and a branch of flavonoid metabolic pathways and is regulated by expression of the genes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase, trans-cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA double bond reductase. The dihydrochalones have been proven to exert a significant neuroprotective effect through their regulation against Aβ deposition, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Natural Polyphenol Recovery from Apple-, Cereal-, and Tomato-Processing By-Products and Related Health-Promoting Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227977. [PMID: 36432076 PMCID: PMC9697562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols of plant origin are a broad family of secondary metabolites that range from basic phenolic acids to more complex compounds such as stilbenes, flavonoids, and tannins, all of which have several phenol units in their structure. Considerable health benefits, such as having prebiotic potential and cardio-protective and weight control effects, have been linked to diets based on polyphenol-enriched foods and plant-based products, indicating the potential role of these substances in the prevention or treatment of numerous pathologies. The most representative phenolic compounds in apple pomace are phloridzin, chlorogenic acid, and epicatechin, with major health implications in diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurocognitive diseases. The cereal byproducts are rich in flavonoids (cyanidin 3-glucoside) and phenolic acids (ferulic acid), all with significant results in reducing the incidence of noncommunicable diseases. Quercetin, naringenin, and rutin are the predominant phenolic molecules in tomato by-products, having important antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The present understanding of the functionality of polyphenols in health outcomes, specifically, noncommunicable illnesses, is summarized in this review, focusing on the applicability of this evidence in three extensive agrifood industries (apple, cereal, and tomato processing). Moreover, the reintegration of by-products into the food chain via functional food products and personalized nutrition (e.g., 3D food printing) is detailed, supporting a novel direction to be explored within the circular economy concept.
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Gong L, Hu L, Wang H, Chen R, Wang J. Protective effect of feruloylated oligosaccharides on dextran sulfate sodium‐induced ulcerative colitis in rats. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Gong
- China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Linlin Hu
- China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Hongna Wang
- China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Rui Chen
- China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
| | - Jing Wang
- China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) Beijing China
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Dynamics of Phloridzin and Related Compounds in Four Cultivars of Apple Trees during the Vegetation Period. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133816. [PMID: 34206687 PMCID: PMC8270342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Apple trees (Malus domestica Borgh) are a rich source of dihydrochalcones, phenolic acids and flavonoids. Considering the increasing demand for these phytochemicals with health-benefitting properties, the objective of this study was to evaluate the profile of the main bioactive compounds—phloridzin, phloretin, chlorogenic acid and rutin—in apple tree bark, leaves, flower buds and twigs. The variety in the phenolic profiles of four apple tree cultivars was monitored during the vegetation period from March to September using chromatography analysis. Phloridzin, the major glycoside of interest, reached the highest values in the bark of all the tested cultivars in May (up to 91.7 ± 4.4 mg g−1 of the dried weight (DW), cv. ‘Opal’). In the leaves, the highest levels of phloridzin were found in cv. ‘Opal’ in May (82.5 ± 22.0 mg g−1 of DW); in twigs, the highest levels were found in cv. ‘Rozela’ in September (52.4 ± 12.1 mg g−1 of DW). In the flower buds, the content of phloridzin was similar to that in the twigs. Aglycone phloretin was found only in the leaves in relatively low concentrations (max. value 2.8 ± 1.4 mg g−1 of DW). The highest values of rutin were found in the leaves of all the tested cultivars (10.5 ± 2.9 mg g−1 of DW, cv. ‘Opal’ in September); the concentrations in the bark and twigs were much lower. The highest content of chlorogenic acid was found in flower buds (3.3 ± 1.0 mg g−1 of DW, cv. ‘Rozela’). Whole apple fruits harvested in September were rich in chlorogenic acid and phloridzin. The statistical evaluation by Scheffe’s test confirmed the significant difference of cv. ‘Rozela’ from the other tested cultivars. In conclusion, apple tree bark, twigs, and leaves were found to be important renewable resources of bioactive phenolics, especially phloridzin and rutin. The simple availability of waste plant material can therefore be used as a rich source of phenolic compounds for cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and food supplement preparation.
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Jia XB, Zhang Q, Xu L, Yao WJ, Wei L. Lotus leaf flavonoids induce apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells through the ROS/p38 MAPK pathway. Biol Res 2021; 54:7. [PMID: 33653412 PMCID: PMC7923640 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Leaves of the natural plant lotus are used in traditional Chinese medicine and tea production. They are rich in flavonoids. Methods In this study, lotus leaf flavonoids (LLF) were applied to human lung cancer A549 cells and human small cell lung cancer cells H446 in vitro to verify the effect of LLF on apoptosis in these cells through the ROS/p38 MAPK pathway. Results LLF had no toxic effect on normal cells at concentrations up to 500 µg/mL, but could significantly inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells and H446 cells. Flow cytometry showed that LLF could induce growth in A549 cells. We also found that LLF could increase ROS and MDA levels, and decrease SOD activity in A549 cells. Furthermore, qRT-PCR and western blot analyses showed that LLF could upregulate the expression of p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), caspase-3, caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and Bax and downregulate the expression of Cu/Zn SOD, CAT, Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, and Bcl-2 in A549 cells. Results of HPLC showed that LLF mainly contain five active substances: kaempferitrin, hyperoside, astragalin, phloridzin, and quercetin. The apoptosis-inducing effect of LLF on A549 cells came from these naturally active compounds. Conclusions We have shown in this study that LLF is a bioactive substance that can induce apoptosis in A549 cells in vitro, and merits further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Bo Jia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Surgical Treatment for End-Stage Lung Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Surgical Treatment for End-Stage Lung Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Surgical Treatment for End-Stage Lung Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Jian Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Surgical Treatment for End-Stage Lung Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Surgical Treatment for End-Stage Lung Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
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Lu Y, Chen J, He X, Xu S, Chen YE, Gao J, Hou S. Combined Administration of Vitamin D 3 and Geniposide Is Less Effective than Single Use of Vitamin D 3 or Geniposide in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:714065. [PMID: 34650431 PMCID: PMC8505666 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.714065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) in China, Chinese medicinal herbs or relatively active compounds are widely applied in treating UC. These medicines may be combined with other therapeutic agents such as vitamin D3. Nevertheless, the efficacy of these combinations for UC is unclear. Geniposide is an active component in many Chinese herbal medicines. It could ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. This study was designed to determine the efficacy and mechanism of the single use and combination of geniposide and vitamin D3 on a mouse model of acute colitis. Data showed that a single administration of geniposide (2 mg/kg) or vitamin D3 (4 IU/day) could significantly improve the symptoms of UC and relieve colon damage. Geniposide and vitamin D could significantly decrease the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and colon, and increase the level of IL-10 in the colon. However, the combined treatment of geniposide (2 mg/kg) and vitamin D3 (4 IU/day) exerted less beneficial effects on UC in mice, indicating by less improvement of UC symptoms, colon damage, and inflammatory infiltration. The combination only downregulated the level of TNF-α in serum and IL-6 in the colon. Our data further demonstrated that geniposide could inhibit the activation of p38 MAPK and then restrict the vitamin D receptor signaling stimulated by vitamin D3. These results implied that the combination of geniposide and vitamin D3 might not be an ideal combined treatment for acute colitis, and the combination of vitamin D supplementary and geniposide (or herbal medicines rich in geniposide) need more evaluation before being applied to treat UC in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xueling He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuoxi Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yong-er Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Gao, ; Shaozhen Hou,
| | - Shaozhen Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Gao, ; Shaozhen Hou,
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Liu F, Li D, Wang X, Cui Y, Li X. Polyphenols intervention is an effective strategy to ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:14-25. [PMID: 32369394 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1760220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Whether polyphenols could ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still conflicting. To explore the efficacy of polyphenols as an adjuvant therapy for IBD, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis. Literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases. Finally, 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. In contrast to control group, curcumin treatment significantly improved clinical remission in intention-to-treat (ITT) (OR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.09-10.37) and per-protocol (PP) analysis (OR = 5.13, 95% CI: 1.84-14.27). Meanwhile, curcumin could significantly ameliorate endoscopic remission (OR = 5.69, 95% CI: 1.28-25.27) and clinical response (OR = 4.69, 95% CI: 1.03-21.47) in PP analysis. Heterogeneity was present across the studies. In conclusions, polyphenols might be an effective adjuvant treatment for ameliorating IBD. Considering the relatively few studies included in our present study, further clinical trials are required to verify the effects of polyphenols on IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deming Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinjing Wang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinli Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
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Chen S, Zhao H, Cheng N, Cao W. Rape bee pollen alleviates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by neutralizing IL-1β and regulating the gut microbiota in mice. Food Res Int 2019; 122:241-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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