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Guo W, Zhao Y, Xu H, Xia Y, Tao L, You X. PgDDS Changes the Plant Growth of Transgenic Aralia elata and Improves the Production of Re and Rg 3 in Its Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1945. [PMID: 38339223 PMCID: PMC10856007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem is a medicinal plant that shares a common pathway for the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins with Panax ginseng. Here, we transferred the dammarenediol-II synthase gene from P. ginseng (PgDDS; GenBank: AB122080.1) to A. elata. The growth of 2-year-old transgenic plants (L27; 9.63 cm) was significantly decreased compared with wild-type plants (WT; 74.97 cm), and the leaflet shapes and sizes of the transgenic plants differed from those of the WT plants. Based on a terpene metabolome analysis of leaf extracts from WT, L13, and L27 plants, a new structural skeleton for ursane-type triterpenoid saponins was identified. Six upregulated differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected, and the average levels of Rg3 and Re in the leaves of the L27 plants were 42.64 and 386.81 μg/g, respectively, increased significantly compared with the WT plants (15.48 and 316.96 μg/g, respectively). Thus, the expression of PgDDS in A. elata improved its medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiangling You
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (W.G.); (Y.Z.); (H.X.); (Y.X.); (L.T.)
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2
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Gao D, Cho CW, Yang Z, Li X, Kang JS. Identification and Quantitation of the Bioactive Components in Wasted Aralia elata Leaves Extract with Endothelial Protective Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:5907. [PMID: 37570877 PMCID: PMC10421206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aralia elata, a renowned medicinal plant with a rich history in traditional medicine, has gained attention for its potential therapeutic applications. However, the leaves of this plant have been largely overlooked and discarded due to limited knowledge of their biological activity and chemical composition. To bridge this gap, a comprehensive study was conducted to explore the therapeutic potential of the 70% ethanol extract derived from Aralia elata leaves (LAE) for the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Initially, the cytotoxic effects of LAE on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were assessed, revealing no toxicity within concentrations up to 5 μg/mL. This suggests that LAE could serve as a safe raw material for the development of health supplements and drugs aimed at promoting cardiovascular well-being. Furthermore, the study found that LAE extract demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in HUVECs by modulating the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. These findings are particularly significant as inflammation plays a crucial role in the progression of CVD. Moreover, LAE extract exhibited the ability to suppress the expression of adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, which are pivotal in leukocyte migration to inflamed blood vessels observed in various pathological conditions. In conjunction with the investigation on therapeutic potential, the study also established an optimal HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS method to identify and confirm the chemical constituents present in 24 samples collected from distinct regions in South Korea. Tentative identification revealed the presence of 14 saponins and nine phenolic compounds, while further analysis using PCA and PLS-DA allowed for the differentiation of samples based on their geographical origins. Notably, specific compounds such as chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, and quercitrin emerged as marker compounds responsible for distinguishing samples from different regions. Overall, by unraveling its endothelial protective activity and identifying key chemical constituents, this research not only offers valuable insights for the development of novel treatments but also underscores the importance of utilizing and preserving natural resources efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (D.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Chong-Woon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;
| | - Zemin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (D.G.); (Z.Y.)
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiwen Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (D.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Jong-Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;
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Nguyen Thi Thu H, Nguyen Huu Huong D, Nguyen Thi Dieu T, Tran Thi Ngoc H, Pham Van H, Hoang Thi Ngoc A, Nguyen Xuan H, Pham NK, Nguyen Manh C, Nguyen Huu Toan P. In vitro and in silico cytotoxic activities of triterpenoids from the leaves of Aralia dasyphylla Miq. and the assessment of their ADMET properties. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:5863-5871. [PMID: 35838156 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2098822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
From the methanol extract of the leaves of Aralia dasyphylla Miq. (Araliaceae), ten triterpenoids including five ursane-type triterpenoids, ursolic acid (1), 3-O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl ursolic acid (2), ursolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (3), 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (l→3)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl ursolic acid (4), and matesaponin 1 (5), and five oleanane-type triterpenoids, elatoside E (6), elatoside F (7), 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (l→3)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid (8), 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid (9) and oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (10) were isolated. Their structures were elucidated based on 1D-, 2D-NMR and ESI-MS spectra as well as by comparison with those reported in the literature. All isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines (HepG2, LU-1 and RD) and in silico by molecular docking studies on human glucose transporter 1 (hGLUT1) protein. The triterpenoids 2, 4, 6, 8 and 9 exhibited good growth inhibition of HepG2 and LU-1 cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range 1.76 - 7.21 (μM). The oleanane type triterpenoid 8 was the highest cytotoxic compound to inhibit all the tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 2.73 ± 0.12, 1.76 ± 0.11, 2.63 ± 0.10 μM, respectively. The in silico molecular docking study results showed that compounds 4 and 6 had the highest binding affinity. Compounds 1-10 were evaluated for their in silico ADMET of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and oral toxicity parameters. Compounds 6, 8, 9 and 10 from A. dasyphylla are potential hGLUT1 inhibitors and worth of further investigation for the prevention or treatment of diabetes and cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Nguyen Thi Thu
- Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Dalat, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duyen Nguyen Huu Huong
- Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Dalat, Vietnam
| | - Thuan Nguyen Thi Dieu
- Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Dalat, Vietnam
| | - Hanh Tran Thi Ngoc
- Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Dalat, Vietnam
| | - Huyen Pham Van
- Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Dalat, Vietnam
| | | | - Ha Nguyen Xuan
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Khanh Pham
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Nguyen Manh
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Nguyen Huu Toan
- Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Dalat, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
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Liu X, Liu J, Liu C, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Xu J, Zhang X, Zhou K, Gao P, Li D. Selenium-containing polysaccharides isolated from Rosa laevigata Michx fruits exhibit excellent anti-oxidant and neuroprotective activity in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1222-1233. [PMID: 35472363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Selenium-containing polysaccharides have potential as an organic selenium dietary supplement, owing to their low toxicity, few side effects, and easy absorption attributes. In this study, we isolated two novel homogeneous selenium-containing polysaccharides from Rosa laevigata Michx fruits (Se-RLFPs). Results from primary structural analysis revealed that Se-RLFPs were α - pyranose, and were both composed of rhamnose, xylose, glucose with an average molecular weight of 24 and 16 KDa, respectively. Selenium contents in Se-RLFP-I and Se-RLFP-II were 16.49 μg/g and 21.61 μg/g, respectively. Results from analysis of antioxidant and neuroprotective activity of the polysaccharides revealed that Se-RLFPs had a radical scavenging effect. Specifically, they effectively protected SH-SY5Y cells from H2O2-induced damage by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and suppressing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Western blots showed that the underlying mechanisms of action may be related to the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggested that Se-RLFPs have potential as a pharmaceutical agent for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) or as a selenium-complementary ingredient in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegui Liu
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Development of Boron and Magnesium Resources and Fine Chemical Technology, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China
| | - Changfeng Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China
| | - Jianing Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China
| | - Xingyue Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China
| | - Ke Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China
| | - Pingyi Gao
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China.
| | - Danqi Li
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China.
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Liu W, Guo W, Chen S, Xu H, Zhao Y, Chen S, You X. A High-Quality Reference Genome Sequence and Genetic Transformation System of Aralia elata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:822942. [PMID: 35300010 PMCID: PMC8921765 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.822942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aralia elata is a perennial woody plant of the genus Aralia in the family Araliaceae. It is rich in saponins and therefore has a wide range of pharmacological effects. Here, we report a high-quality reference genome of A. elata, with a genome size of 1.21 Gb and a contig N50 of 51.34 Mb, produced by PacBio HiFi sequencing technology. This is the first genome assembly for the genus Aralia. Through genome evolutionary analysis, we explored the phylogeny and whole genome duplication (WGD) events in the A. elata genome. The results indicated that a recent WGD event occurred in the A. elata genome. Estimation of the divergence times indicated that the WGD may be shared by Araliaceae. By analyzing the genome sequence of A. elata and combining the transcriptome data from three tissues, we discovered important genes related to triterpene saponins biosynthesis. Furthermore, based on the embryonic callus induction system of A. elata established in our laboratory, we set up the genetic transformation system of this plant. The genomic resources and genetic transformation system obtained in this study provide insights into A. elata and lays the foundation for further exploration of the A. elata regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Honghao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangling You
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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6
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Isolation of chemical compositions as dietary antioxidant supplements and neuroprotectants from Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus). FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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7
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Cheng Y, Liu H, Tong X, Liu Z, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wu F, Jiang X, Yu X. Effects of shading on triterpene saponin accumulation and related gene expression of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:166-174. [PMID: 33497847 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem is widely used as a medicinal plant and functional food in China. In this study, A. elata plants were exposed to full sunlight (CK), 40% shading (LS), 60% shading (MS), and >80% shading (ES) condition to investigate the effects of shading treatments on growth, stress levels, antioxidant enzymes activity, araloside content and related gene expression. The greatest growth and leaf biomass were achieved in 40% shading, and leaf biomass per plant increased by 16.09% compared to the non-shading treatment. Furthermore, the lowest reactive oxide species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation resulting from increasing antioxidant enzyme activity were also observed in LS treatment. Overall, shading percentage negatively regulated the expression of key enzymes (squalene synthase, SS; squalene epoxidase, SE and β-amyrin synthase, bAS) involved in the saponin biosynthesis, resulting in the greatest yields of total and four selected aralosides in A. elata leaves were achieved in sunlight group. However, the greatest yield of total saponin in the leaves was observed in the 40% shading group due to higher leaf biomass. The results suggest that optimizing the field growing conditions would be important for obtaining the greatest yield of bioactive components. Total saponin and selected aralosides also have a significant correlation with ROS production and antioxidant enzyme activity, these indicated the increased yield of these saponins may be part of a defense response. The study concludes that the production of saponin was the interaction of oxidative stress and photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hanbing Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xuejiao Tong
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zaimin Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yingtong Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Fengzhi Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xinmei Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Xihong Yu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Guo J, Shen S, Zhang X, Wang G, Lu Y, Liu X, Wang S, Li Q, Cong Y, Shi B. Chemical compounds with a neuroprotective effect from the seeds of Celosia argentea L. Food Funct 2021; 12:83-96. [PMID: 33191416 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02033h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a central role in the common pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Antioxidant therapy has been suggested for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Compounds derived from natural sources may offer the potential for new treatment options. Semen Celosiae is a traditional Chinese edible herbal medicine with a long history in China and exhibits wide-reaching biological activities such as hepatoprotective, anti-tumor, anti-diarrheal, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, etc. In this study, nine saponins and two phenylacetonitrile glycosides were isolated from Semen Celosiae and their structures were identified using ESI-MS and NMR techniques. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 have not been previously reported. The total concentrations of the five triterpenoid saponins and the two phenylacetonitrile glycosides were 3.348 mg g-1 and 0.187 mg g-1, respectively, suggesting that Semen Celosiae is a novel viable source of the two kinds of compounds. These compounds were observed to significantly attenuate t-BHP-induced neuronal damage by effectively enhancing cell viability and decreasing reactive oxygen species generation and cell apoptosis rate in NSC-34 cells. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 7 reduced the ratios of cleaved caspase-3: caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-7: caspase-7 and the level of cytochrome C, while they increased the levels of SOD1 and Beclin 1. These findings suggest that compounds 1-11 are potent inhibitors of neuron injury elicited by t-BHP, possibly via inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis, and activation of autophagy; therefore they may be valuable leads for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinggong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shan Shen
- Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China. and Ludong Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Yiqing Lu
- Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiping Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Shuyun Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Qin Li
- Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Yue Cong
- Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia. and International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Cheng Y, Liu H, Tong X, Liu Z, Zhang X, Li D, Jiang X, Yu X. Identification and analysis of CYP450 and UGT supergene family members from the transcriptome of Aralia elata (Miq.) seem reveal candidate genes for triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:214. [PMID: 32404131 PMCID: PMC7218531 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) gene superfamily have been shown to play essential roles in regulating secondary metabolite biosynthesis. However, the systematic identification of CYP450s and UGTs has not been reported in Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem, a highly valued medicinal plant. RESULTS In the present study, we conducted the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the leaves, stems, and roots of A. elata, yielding 66,713 total unigenes. Following annotation and KEGG pathway analysis, we were able to identify 64 unigenes related to triterpenoid skeleton biosynthesis, 254 CYP450s and 122 UGTs, respectively. A total of 150 CYP450s and 92 UGTs encoding > 300 amino acid proteins were utilized for phylogenetic and tissue-specific expression analyses. This allowed us to cluster 150 CYP450s into 9 clans and 40 families, and then these CYP450 proteins were further grouped into two primary branches: A-type (53%) and non-A-type (47%). A phylogenetic analysis of 92 UGTs and other plant UGTs led to clustering into 16 groups (A-P). We further assessed the expression patterns of these CYP450 and UGT genes across A. elata tissues, with 23 CYP450 and 16 UGT members being selected for qRT-PCR validation, respectively. From these data, we identified CYP716A295 and CYP716A296 as the candidate genes most likely to be associated with oleanolic acid synthesis, while CYP72A763 and CYP72A776 were identified as being the most likely to play roles in hederagenin biosynthesis. We also selected five unigenes as the best candidates for oleanolic acid 3-O-glucosyltransferase. Finally, we assessed the subcellular localization of three CYP450 proteins within Arabidopsis protoplasts, highlighting the fact that they localize to the endoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a systematic analysis of the CYP450 and UGT gene family in A. elata and provides a foundation for further functional characterization of these two multigene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hanbing Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuejiao Tong
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zaimin Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dalong Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinmei Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xihong Yu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
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10
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Zazharskyi VV, Davydenko PО, Kulishenko OМ, Borovik IV, Brygadyrenko VV. Antibacterial and fungicidal activities of ethanol extracts from Cotinus coggygria, Rhus typhina, R. trilobata, Toxicodendron orientale, Hedera helix, Aralia elata, Leptopus chinensis and Mahonia aquifolium. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for promising plants with bactericidal and fungicidal activity is of great interest for practical and veterinary medicine, This article reveals the high antibacterial effect of the use of ethanol extracts from 8 species of plants of the families Anacardiaceae (Cotinus coggygria Scop., Rhus typhina L., Rhus trilobata Nutt. and Toxicodendron orientale Greene), Araliaceae (Hedera helix Linnaeus and Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem.), Phyllanthaceae (Leptopus chinensis (Bunge) Pojark.), Berberidaceae (Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.) against 23 strains of bacteria and one strain of fungi. The in vitro experiment revealed the zone of inhibition of growth of colonies exceeding 8 mm during the application of ethanol extracts of C. coggygria against twelve species of microorganisms (Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Listeria ivanovi, Corynebacterium xerosis, Rhodococcus equi, Proteus vulgaris, P. mirabilis, Serratia marcescens and Candida albicans), Rhus typhina – against twelve species (E. faecalis, E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, L. ivanovi, C. xerosis, Rh. equi, P. vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, S. adobraco, S. marcescens and C. albicans), Rhus trilobata – against fourteen (E. faecalis, E. сoli, S. аureus, S. epidermidis, B. subtilis, B. cereus, L. ivanovi, C. xerosis, Rh. equi, P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis, Рseudomonas аeruginosa, Yersinia enterocolitica and C. albicans), Toxicodendron orientale – against eleven (E. faecalis, S. аureus, L. іnnocua, C. xerosis, Campylobacter jejuni, Rh. equi, P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis, Р. аeruginosa and C. albicans), Hedera helix – against seven (S. аureus, S. epidermidis, L. monocytogenes, C. jejuni, Rh. equi, P. vulgaris and C. albicans), Aralia elata – against nine (E. coli, S. aureus, B. cereus, C. xerosis, P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis, S. typhimurium, S. marcescens and C. albicans), Leptopus chinensis – only against four (E. coli, S. epidermidis, B. cereus and P. mirabilis) and Mahonia aquifolium – against only three species (S. epidermidis, C. jejuni and P. vulgaris). As a result of the research, the most promising for studying in future regarding in vivo antibacterial activity were determined to be C. coggygria, Rhus typhina, R. trilobata, Toxicodendron orientale and Aralia elata.
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Brygadyrenko VV, Lieshchova MA, Bilan MV, Tishkina NM, Horchanok AV. Effect of alcohol tincture of Aralia elata on the organism of rats and their gut microbiota against the background of excessive fat diet. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological effects of the medicinal plant Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. 1868 (Araliaceae) are related to presence of over 150 secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, sterols, polysaccharides, terpenoid saponins and terpenoid acids, though the main biologically active substances of A. elata are saponins and flavonoids. Some clinical tests and experimental studies have proved the influence of A. elata on the organism through increase in physical work capacity, exerting an anti-stress effect against a broad range of harmful factors, including stress from cold, immobilization, ultraviolet radiation and low pressure. The literature also reports the anti-ulcer, anti-secretory, antifungal, anti-tumour, and antimicrobial activity of preparations from this plant. In our laboratory experiment, we determined that ethanolic tincture of A. elata has no effect on the intensity of growth of body weight of young rats against the background of excessive content of fat in their diet. Excessive fat-feeding of male rats leads mostly to disorders in the functioning of the liver and development of steatosis. This was accompanied by reduction in relative mass of the liver, increase in activity of hepatic enzymes, dysproteinemia, increase in the level of bilirubin and decrease in the level of urea. Additional use of 0.1% ethanol led to impaired functioning of the kidneys, reduction of their relative mass, signs of dehydration, increase in the level of creatinine and total calcium in the blood. Use of ethanolic tincture of A. elata mitigates negative excess of fat, is accompanied by normalization of indices of mass of the organs, less notable dysproteinemia, impairment in the level of creatinine, glucose, urea, cholesterol, bilirubin and total calcium. Ethanolic tincture of A. elata has a low immunosuppressive action, against the background of a high fat diet it leads to increase in the amount of typical Escherichia сoli, decrease in Еnterococcus spp. and Enterobacter spp., significant decrease and in high concentrations (0.1% ethanolic tincture of A. elata) elimination of bacteria of Clostridium and Klebsiella genera, and also various yeast fungi in the intestine. In the examined male rats, against the background of excess of fat in the diet, no serious changes in the composition of the normal gut microbiota (Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Proteus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Candida spp.) was observed, nor were any lactose-negative enterobacteria (Citrobacter genus) found. Perspectives of further research include determining histological, histochemical and immune-histological changes in the organs of laboratory animals under the effect of ethanolic tincture of A. elata following excessive accumulation of fat.
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Liu XG, Lv MC, Huang MY, Sun YQ, Gao PY, Li DQ. A network pharmacology study on the triterpene saponins from Medicago sativa L. for the treatment of Neurodegenerative diseases. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12955. [PMID: 31368545 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are characterized by progressive and irreversible, is a kind of complex illnesses, and the long-term therapy which is frequently associated with adverse side effects. Medicago sativa L., widely consumed as a vegetable, has the effects of improving memory and relieving central nervous system diseases. However, there are less studies on its specific mechanism for NDDs. In this investigation, we applied a method of network pharmacology, which combined molecular docking and network analysis to decipher the mechanisms of M. sativa in NDDs. The pharmacological system generated 55 triterpene saponins from M. sativa, and predicted 27 potential targets with 100 pathways in the treatment of NDDs. As a result, 13 compounds, 10 target proteins, and 6 signaling pathways were found to play important roles in the treatment of NDDs. In addition, in vitro experiments of isolates confirmed activities for NDDs, which were consistent with the results of network pharmacology prediction. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Medicago sativa L. has been widely consumed as a vegetable, which possesses many nutritional components. As a functional food stuff, M. sativa can improve human health, such as memory improving activities, relieving central nervous system diseases, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory. In this article, the mechanism of triterpene saponins from M. sativa against NDDs was successfully predicted by network pharmacology method. The results will serve as a reference of M. sativa against NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Gui Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P.R. China.,Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Chao Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yuan Huang
- Shenyang Institute of Science and Technology, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qiu Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Pin-Yi Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P.R. China.,Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Qi Li
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P.R. China
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Liu XG, Sun YQ, Bian J, Han T, Yue DD, Li DQ, Gao PY. Neuroprotective effects of triterpenoid saponins from Medicago sativa L. against H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. Bioorg Chem 2018; 83:468-476. [PMID: 30448725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Medicago sativa L. is a forage legume plant widely distributed in all continents. Six new triterpenoid saponins, Medicagosides A-F (1-6) and five known ones (7-11) were isolated from M. sativa. Their structures were determined via HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR analysis. Biologically, all the isolates displayed neuroprotective activities against H2O2-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Among them, compounds 1, 3-5 and 10 exhibited striking neuroprotective activities at 100 μM, restoring cell viability range from 79.66% to 89.03%, relative to 79.46% (100 μM) of Trolox used as the positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Gui Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, People's Republic of China; Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qiu Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Bian
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Han
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Yue
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Qi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, People's Republic of China; Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pin-Yi Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, People's Republic of China; Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, People's Republic of China.
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