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Wu ZW, Peng XR, Liu XC, Wen L, Tao XY, Al-Romaima A, Wu MY, Qiu MH. The structures of two polysaccharides from Lepidium meyenii and their immunomodulatory effects via activating NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131761. [PMID: 38663705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Lepidium meyenii Walp., also known as the "Peruvian national treasure", is a popular functional food in the daily lives of Peruvian people due to its bioactive with main polysaccharides. However, studies on polysaccharides isolated from Lepidium meyenii were few. Two new highly heterogeneous polysaccharides, MCP-1a and MCP-2b, were isolated and purified from the tuber of Lepidium meyenii. The structure characterization revealed that MCP-1a primarily consisted of D-Glc and had a molecular weight of 6.6 kDa. Its backbone was composed of 1,4,6-α-D-Glc, while branches feature T-α-L-Ara, 1,5-α-L-Ara, and T-α-D-Glc attached to the O-6 positions. MCP-2b was a rare arabinogalactan with a molecular weight of 49.4 kDa. Interestingly, the backbone of MCP-2b was composed of 1,6-β-D-Gal, 1,3,6-β-D-Gal with a few 1,3-β-D-GlcpA-4-OMe units inserted. Side chains of MCP-2b were mainly composed of 1,3-β-D-Gal, T-β-D-Gal, T-α-L-Ara, 1,5-α-L-Ara, with trace amounts of 1,4-β-D-Glc and T-β-D-Glc. The bioactivity assay results revealed that MCP-1a and MCP-2b increased the release of NO, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 from RAW 264.7 cells at concentrations ranging from 50 μg/mL to 400 μg/mL. Furthermore, MCP-1a and MCP-2b could promote the expression of key transcription factors (IκB-α, p-IκB-α, p65, and p-p65) in the NF-κB pathway, indicating that MCP-1a and MCP-2b had potential immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Rong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Cui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Luan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdulbaset Al-Romaima
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
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Ghosh K, Takahashi D, Kotake T. Plant type II arabinogalactan: Structural features and modification to increase functionality. Carbohydr Res 2023; 529:108828. [PMID: 37182471 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Type II arabinogalactans (AGs) are a highly diverse class of plant polysaccharides generally encountered as the carbohydrate moieties of certain extracellular proteoglycans, the so-called arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), which are found on plasma membranes and in cell walls. The basic structure of type II AG is a 1,3-β-D-galactan main chain with 1,6-β-D-galactan side chains. The side chains are further decorated with other sugars such as α-l-arabinose and β-d-glucuronic acid. In addition, AGs with 1,6-β-D-galactan as the main chain, which are designated as 'type II related AG' in this review, can also be found in several plants. Due to their diverse and heterogenous features, the determination of carbohydrate structures of type II and type II related AGs is not easy. On the other hand, these complex AGs are scientifically and commercially attractive materials whose structures can be modified by chemical and biochemical approaches for specific purposes. In the current review, what is known about the chemical structures of type II and type II related AGs from different plant sources is outlined. After that, structural analysis techniques are considered and compared. Finally, structural modifications that enhance or alter functionality are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Bidhan Chandra College, Asansol, 713304, West Bengal, India.
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kotake
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan; Green Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
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Huang X, Zhang Y, Xie N, Cheng J, Wang Y, Yuan S, Li Q, Shi R, He L, Chen M. Molecular Characterization and Bioactivities of a Novel Polysaccharide from Phyllostachys pracecox Bamboo Shoot Residues. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091758. [PMID: 37174297 PMCID: PMC10177804 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary carbohydrates are unexploited in the by-products of economically valuable Phyllostachys pracecox bamboo shoots. A residue-derived polysaccharide (PBSR1) was aqueously extracted from the processing waste of this bamboo shoot species. Its primary structure and advanced conformation were elucidated by a combined analysis of spectroscopy, chromatography, 2D nuclear magnetic resonance, laser light scattering and atomic microscopy. The results indicated PBSR1 was a triple-helix galactan consisting of →6)-β-D-Galp and →3)-β-D-Galp in linear with an 863 KD molecular weight (Mw). The relationship between the radius of gyration (Rg) and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) on Mw were established as Rg = 1.95 × 10-2Mw0.52±0.03 (nm) and [η] = 9.04 × 10-1Mw0.56±0.02 (mL/g) for PBSR1 in saline solution at 25 °C, which indicated it adopted a triple-helix chain shape with a height of 1.60 ± 0.12 nm supported by a red shift of λmax in Congo red analysis. The thermodynamic test (TG) displayed that it had excellent thermal stability for the food industry. Further, those unique structure features furnish PBSR1 on antioxidation with EC50 of 0.65 mg/mL on DPPH· and an ORAC value of 329.46 ± 12.1 μmol TE/g. It also possessed pronounced immunostimulation by up-regulating pro-inflammatory signals including NO, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in murine cells. Our studies provided substantial data for the high-valued application of residues and a better understanding of the structure-function relationship of polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubo Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemical Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Na Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemical Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Junwen Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemical Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemical Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Shaofei Yuan
- Bamboo Shoots Engineering Research Center of the State Forestry Bureau, Department of Bamboo, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Qin Li
- Bamboo Shoots Engineering Research Center of the State Forestry Bureau, Department of Bamboo, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liang He
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemical Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Min Chen
- Zhejiang Longyou International Trade Bamboo Shoots Co., Ltd., Quzhou 324400, China
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Huang H, Yang X, Li W, Han Q, Xu Z, Xia W, Wu M, Zhang W. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of an arabinogalactan from Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton tea processing waste. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123816. [PMID: 36841385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
An arabinogalactan named JSP-1a was isolated from Jasmine tea processing waste by DEAE Sepharose FF and Sephacryl S-200 HR chromatography. Polysaccharide JSP-1a, with an average molecular weight of 87.5 kDa, was composed of galactose (59.60 %), arabinose (33.89 %), mannose (4.81 %), and rhamnose (1.70 %). JSP-1a was found to be a type II arabinogalactan comprising the main backbone of 1, 6-linked Galp residues, and the side chain containing α-T-Araf, α-1,5-Araf, β-T-Galp, β-1,3-Galp, and β-1,4-Manp residues was attached to the O-3 position of β-1,3,6-Galp residues. Evidence from bioactivity assays indicated that JSP-1a possessed potent immunomodulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages: treatment with JSP-1a increased phagocytosis, activated NF-κB p65 translocation, and promoted the production of NO, reactive oxygen species (ROS), the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6. Furthermore, inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 caused the suppression of NO release and cytokines secretion, which indicated that TLR-4/NF-κB pathway might play a significant role in JSP-1a-induced macrophages' immune response. The results of this study could provide a theoretical basis of JSP-1a as a safe immunostimulatory functional foods or a treatment for immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, PR China
| | - Qifeng Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zhizhen Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wei Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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Structural characterization of peach gum polysaccharide and its effects on the regulation of DSS-induced acute colitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1224-1234. [PMID: 36427612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The structure and the effect of polysaccharide from peach gum (DPG2) on ameliorating DSS-induced acute colitis in mice were investigated in the present study. The results showed that DPG2 was identified as an AG II arabinogalactan with the backbone of β-D-(1 → 6)-galactan, which consisted of mannose, glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 4.64:1.02:2.61:39.82:3.89:48.02. Moreover, DPG2 behaved as a flexible chain conformation with a coil-like structure with a molecular weight (Mw) of 5.21 × 105 g/mol. Furthermore, the worm-like chain model parameters for DPG2 were estimated as follows: ML = 379 nm-1, q = 0.74 nm and d = 0.82 nm. The results of the animal assay showed that the intake of DPG2 not only effectively improved the phenotypes of DSS-induced colitis in mice, but also significantly improved the oxidative stress status of mice, such as regulating NO content and T-SOD and MPO levels and repairing oxidative damage to the colonic mucosa. Moreover, DPG2 improved the inflammation of DSS-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17. Therefore, these results suggested that peach gum polysaccharide showed protective effects against colitis, and has great potential for the application of functional components in the food industry.
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6
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In Vitro and In Silico Evaluations of Boswellia carterii Resin Dermocosmetic Activities. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9060131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Boswellia carterii is a plant species belonging to the Burseraceae family. It grows up in trees or shrubs, and it is known for producing an aromatic resin commonly named frankincense or olibanum. This resin has been used in traditional medicine to treat various conditions such as inflammations, gastrointestinal disorders and traumatic injuries. Virtual screening and molecular docking are two in silico approaches used to predict potential interactions between ligands and the active site of a protein. These approaches are mainly used in natural product chemistry and pharmacology as a screening tool to select plant extracts or fractions for in vitro testing, as well as for the prediction of mechanisms of action. The aim of this research is the in silico and in vitro evaluations of the potential collagenase and elastase inhibitory activities of Boswellia carterii resin organic extracts (viz., methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate). The obtained results revealed that methanol and n-hexane exhibited the best collagenase inhibitory activity with values superior to 85%, whereas the methanol and ethyl acetate showed the highest elastase inhibition activity with inhibition values ranging between 40 and 60%. The molecular docking prediction confirmed the experimental results; moreover, the visualization of the ligand–protein interactions showed that the main compounds of the organic extracts may have mechanisms of action similar to the positive controls. Those findings are very promising and open new perspectives for the exploitation of Boswellia carterii resin as active agents for the development of anti-aging cosmeceuticals.
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Isolation, molecular characterization, immunological and anticoagulatant activities of polysaccharides from frankincense and its vinegar processed product. Food Chem 2022; 389:133067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gong PX, Wu YC, Chen X, Zhou ZL, Chen X, Lv SZ, You Y, Li HJ. Immunological effect of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate and its oligomers from Holothuria fuscogilva on RAW 264.7 cells. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119362. [PMID: 35422306 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate was obtained from the sea cucumber Holothuria fuscogilva (FCShf). The structure was elucidated by NMR and HILIC-FTMS analysis. FCShf contained a chondroitin core chain [→3)-β-D-GalNAc-(1 → 4)-β-D-GlcA-(1→]n, where the sulfation positions were the O-4 or O-6 of the GalNAc residues. The ratio of sulfated and non-sulfated GalNAc at O-6 was 1:2, while the ratio of GalNAc at O-4 was 1:1. 2,4-disulfated-fucose (Fuc2,4S), 4-sulfated-fucose (Fuc4S) and 3,4-disulfated-fucose (Fuc3,4S) were attached to the O-3 of GlcA with a molar ratio of 1.00: 0.62: 1.32. The FCShf could significantly promote the proliferative rate, NO production and neutral red uptake of RAW 264.7 cells within the concentration range of 10-300 μg/mL. Compared with the fucosylation and deacetylation degrees, the molecular weight of FCShf had markedly influence on the activation of RAW 264.7 cells. A decrease in molecular weight dramatically improved the immunoregulatory activities. Furthermore, FCShf activated RAW 264.7 cells through TLR-2/4-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Xian Gong
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Yan-Chao Wu
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Ze-Lin Zhou
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Shi-Zhong Lv
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Yue You
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Hui-Jing Li
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China; Weihai Huiankang Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Weihai 264200, PR China.
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Yu C, Hu X, Ahmadi S, Wu D, Xiao H, Zhang H, Ding T, Liu D, Ye X, Chen S, Chen J. Structure and In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Polysaccharides Sequentially Extracted from Goji Berry ( Lycium barbarum) Leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7535-7546. [PMID: 35549264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the chelating agent-soluble fraction (CA), sodium carbonate-soluble fraction (SC), and sodium hydroxide-soluble fraction (SH) were sequentially extracted from the cell wall of goji berry (Lycium barbarum) leaves. Furthermore, SC was purified with Q-Sepharose fast flow resin to obtain the neutral sugar fraction (SC-I) and acid sugar fraction (SC-II). Physicochemical properties of polysaccharides were characterized by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometry detection, size exclusion chromatography-multi-angle laser light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and atomic force microscopy analysis. Additionally, the impact of polysaccharides on modulating human gut microbiota was investigated by in vitro fermentation. A high amount of galacturonic acid (GalA) in CA showed that it was an aggregation of linear homogalacturonan. SC was the main pectic polysaccharide fraction and rich in neutral sugars. SC-I was the neutral sugar fraction with an extremely high molecular weight (2.055 × 106 Da), while SC-II was the acid sugar fraction with a low molecular weight (1.766 × 105 Da). SH seemed like a mixture of pectin and hemicellulose. All the five polysaccharides significantly (P < 0.05) increased the abundance of Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacilli. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the structure and fermentation characteristics of goji berry leaf polysaccharides, which is meaningful to provide a structural basis for further bioactivity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiao Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shokouh Ahmadi
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Tian Ding
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Jianle Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
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Immunostimulatory effects of a polysaccharide from Pimpinella anisum seeds on RAW264.7 and NK-92 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:546-554. [PMID: 35660044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from Pimpinella anisum were isolated using water at elevated temperature and DEAE Sepharose FF chromatography to examine their chemical structure and activation capacity on immune cells. P. anisum fractions (PAF1, PAF2 and PAF3) were mainly composed of neutral sugars (84.0-98.2%) and uronic acids (2.1-11.8%) with weight average molecular weight (Mw) ranging from 186.6 to 5474.5 × 103 g/mol. Polysaccharides induced a significant inflammatory response in RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells releasing nitric oxide and expressing TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines. The induction of NK-92 natural killer cells resulted in TNF-α and IFN-γ production and activation of GrB/perforin-, NKG2D- and FasL-mediated cytotoxicity. Polysaccharides triggered the phosphorylation of NF-κB, ERK, JNK and p38 proteins in RAW264.7 and NK-92 cells indicating the involvement of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. The most active polysaccharide was a galactoarabinan with complex structure.
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Mechanisms of RAW264.7 macrophages immunomodulation mediated by polysaccharide from mung bean skin based on RNA-seq analysis. Food Res Int 2022; 154:111017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Khatua S, Simal-Gandara J, Acharya K. Understanding immune-modulatory efficacy in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 352:109776. [PMID: 34906553 PMCID: PMC8665649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Boosting or suppressing our immune system represents an attractive adjunct in the treatment of infections including SARS-CoV-2, cancer, AIDS, malnutrition, age related problems and some inflammatory disorders. Thus, there has been a growing interest in exploring and developing novel drugs, natural or synthetic, that can manipulate our defence mechanism. Many of such studies, reported till date, have been designed to explore effect of the therapeutic on function of macrophages, being a key component in innate immune system. Indeed, RAW264.7, J774A.1, THP-1 and U937 cell lines act as ideal model systems for preliminary investigation and selection of dose for in vivo studies. Several bioassays have been standardized so far where many techniques require high throughput instruments, cost effective reagents and technical assistance that may hinder many scholars to perform a method demanding compilation of available protocols. In this review, we have taken an attempt for the first time to congregate commonly used in vitro immune-modulating techniques explaining their principles. The study detected that among about 40 different assays and more than 150 sets of primers, the methods of cell proliferation by MTT, phagocytosis by neutral red, NO detection by Griess reaction and estimation of expression of TLRs, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β by PCR have been the most widely used to screen the therapeutics under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanjana Khatua
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India,Department of Botany, Krishnagar Government College, Krishnagar, Nadia, 741101, West Bengal, India
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E-32004, Ourense, Spain,Corresponding author
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India,Corresponding author
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Structure characterization of an arabinogalactan from Cynanchum atratum and its immune stimulatory activity on RAW264.7 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:163-171. [PMID: 34861274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a water-soluble neutral polysaccharide (CAPW-1) with an average molecular weight of 64 kDa was purified from the root of Cynanchum atratum Bunge (Apocynaceae). The monosaccharide residue analysis revealed that CAPW-1 was composed of arabinose and galactose with a relative molar ratio of 7: 3. The backbone of CAPW-1 was consisted of 1,3-Galp and 1,3,6-Galp, the branches were attached to the O-6 of 1,3-Galp, and the side chains contained 1,6-Galp, 1,3,6-Galp, 1,5-linked, 1,3-linked, 1,3,5-linked, and terminal-Araf, which was attached to the O-3 of side 1,6-Galp. The bioactivity study indicated CAPW-1 could stimulate the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells and promote the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) with no cytotoxicity. The results suggested a potential application of CAPW-1 as an immunostimulant for the treatment of diseases such as infection and tumor.
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Cao RA, Palanisamy S, Ma N, Talapphet N, Zhang J, Wang C, You S. Extraction, structural characterization, and immunostimulatory activity of soluble non-starch polysaccharides of finger millet. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Jiang S, Yin H, Li R, Shi W, Mou J, Yang J. The activation effects of fucoidan from sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus on RAW264.7 cells via TLR2/4-NF-κB pathway and its structure-activity relationship. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:118353. [PMID: 34364600 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus is a traditional tonic food with high nutritive value in Southern China. Fucoidan from sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus (Fuc-Sc) is its main bio-active polysaccharide, the immune-activation effects of which have been fully investigated on RAW264.7 cells in the present study. The results indicated that Fuc-Sc could stimulate the RAW264.7 cells by promoting the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis revealed that TLR4 and TLR2 were involved in the recognition of Fuc-Sc and activation of downstream NF-κB signal pathway. Moreover, the chemical structure parameter molecular weight showed obvious impact on the stimulation effects of Fuc-Sc on NO production. Degraded product of Fuc-Sc with weight average molecular weight of 113.1 × 104 Da exhibited higher activities than that of intact Fuc-Sc, suggesting the existent of optimum chain length to exert its highest activities. Taken together, Fuc-Sc exerted its immunostimulating activity via TLR2/4 activation of NF-κB pathway and showed potentials to be a good immunoadjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Huanan Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwei Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaojiao Mou
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China; Innovative Drug Research and Development Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China.
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16
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Saeidy S, Petera B, Pierre G, Fenoradosoa TA, Djomdi D, Michaud P, Delattre C. Plants arabinogalactans: From structures to physico-chemical and biological properties. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107771. [PMID: 33992708 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactans (AGs) are plant heteropolysaccharides with complex structures occasionally attached to proteins (AGPs). AGs in cell matrix of different parts of plant are freely available or chemically bound to pectin rhamnogalactan. Type I with predominantly β-d-(1 → 4)-galactan and type II with β-d-(1 → 3) and/or (1 → 6)-galactan structural backbones construct the two main groups of AGs. In the current review, the chemical structure of AGs is firstly discussed focusing on non-traditional plant sources and not including well known industrial gums. After that, processes for their extraction and purification are considered and finally their techno-functional and biological properties are highlighted. The role of AG structure and function on health advantages such as anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-ulcer- anti-diabetic and other activites and also the immunomodulatory effects on in-vivo model systems are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saeidy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - B Petera
- Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Antsiranana, BP O 201 Antsiranana, Madagascar; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - T A Fenoradosoa
- Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Antsiranana, BP O 201 Antsiranana, Madagascar
| | - Djomdi Djomdi
- Department of Renewable Energy, National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua, University of Maroua, Cameroon
| | - P Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - C Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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Hepatoprotection of Lycii Fructus Polysaccharide against Oxidative Stress in Hepatocytes and Larval Zebrafish. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3923625. [PMID: 33680282 PMCID: PMC7906805 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3923625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Scavenging of oxidative stress by antioxidants may provide a therapeutic strategy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Increasing evidence is supporting the potential application of natural resourced polysaccharides as promising prevention or treatment strategies against NAFLD. In the current study, an acidic heteropolysaccharide, LFP-a1, was isolated and purified from Lycii fructus with successively hot water refluxing extraction, alcohol precipitation, protein removal, and DEAE-52 cellulose chromatographic separation. LFP-a1 was a complicated structured polysaccharide with an average MW of 4.74 × 104 Da and composed of 6 monosaccharides and 1 uronic acid. Preexposure of LFP-a1 could increase the cell viability and reverse the abnormal oxidative stress though inhibition of mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway and correction of cell cycle progression against H2O2 hepatoxicity in NAFLD model L02 cells. Consistently, in vivo study in thioacetamide- (TAA-) induced NAFLD model zebrafish larvae showed LFP-a1 preserved the liver integrity and alleviated TAA-induced oxidative stress through downregulation of abnormal apoptosis. These observations indicated the hepatoprotective activity of LFP-a1, which may be applied for the prevention or treatment of NAFLD or other oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Zhu M, Huang R, Wen P, Song Y, He B, Tan J, Hao H, Wang H. Structural characterization and immunological activity of pectin polysaccharide from kiwano (Cucumis metuliferus) peels. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 254:117371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Heavy Crude Oil Samples and Their SARA Fractions with 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8080995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approaches have unique advantages in the analysis of crude oil because they are non-destructive and provide information on chemical functional groups. Nevertheless, the correctness and effectiveness of NMR techniques for determining saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA analysis) without oil fractioning are still not clear. In this work we compared the measurements and analysis of high-resolution 13C NMR spectra in B0 ≈ 16.5 T (NMR frequency of 175 MHz) with the results of SARA fractioning for four various heavy oil samples with viscosities ranging from 100 to 50,000 mPa·s. The presence of all major hydrocarbon components both in crude oil and in each of its fractions was established quantitatively using NMR spectroscopy. Contribution of SARA fractions in the aliphatic (10–60 ppm) and aromatic (110–160 ppm) areas of the 13C NMR spectra were identified. Quantitative fractions of aromatic molecules and oil functional groups were determined. Aromaticity factor and the mean length of the hydrocarbon chain were estimated. The obtained results show the feasibility of 13C NMR spectroscopy for the express analysis of oil from physical properties to the composition of functional groups to follow oil treatment processes.
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Tabarsa M, Dabaghian EH, You S, Yelithao K, Palanisamy S, Prabhu NM, Li C. Inducing inflammatory response in RAW264.7 and NK-92 cells by an arabinogalactan isolated from Ferula gummosa via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Alavi M, Tabarsa M, You S, Gavlighi HA. Structural characteristics, molecular properties and immunostimulatory effects of sulfated polysaccharide from freshwater Myriophyllum spicatum L. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:951-961. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tabarsa M, You S, Yelithao K, Palanisamy S, Prabhu NM, Nan M. Isolation, structural elucidation and immuno-stimulatory properties of polysaccharides from Cuminum cyminum. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Sun X, Geng Y, Wang X, Qin D, Yu J. Cembrane-type diterpenoids from the gum resin of Boswellia carterii and their biological activities. RSC Adv 2020; 10:746-755. [PMID: 35494443 PMCID: PMC9047511 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09776g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cembrane-type diterpenoids from the gum resin of Boswellia carterii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Sun
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Yanling Geng
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Dawei Qin
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan 250353
- Chin
| | - Jinqian Yu
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology
- Jinan
- P. R. China
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