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Wang M, Zhao J, Chen J, Long T, Xu M, Luo T, Che Q, He Y, Xu D. The role of sirtuin1 in liver injury: molecular mechanisms and novel therapeutic target. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17094. [PMID: 38563003 PMCID: PMC10984179 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a common and serious threat to human health. The progression of liver diseases is influenced by many physiologic processes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, bile acid metabolism, and autophagy. Various factors lead to the dysfunction of these processes and basing on the different pathogeny, pathology, clinical manifestation, and pathogenesis, liver diseases are grouped into different categories. Specifically, Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a member of the sirtuin protein family, has been extensively studied in the context of liver injury in recent years and are confirmed the significant role in liver disease. SIRT1 has been found to play a critical role in regulating key processes in liver injury. Further, SIRT1 seems to cause divers outcomes in different types of liver diseases. Recent studies have showed some therapeutic strategies involving modulating SIRT1, which may bring a novel therapeutic target. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the role of sirtuin1 in liver injury and its potentiality as a therapeutic target, this review outlines the key signaling pathways associated with sirtuin1 and liver injury, and discusses recent advances in therapeutic strategies targeting sirtuin1 in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufei Wang
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiuxia Chen
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Teng Long
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Mengwei Xu
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qingya Che
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yihuai He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Delin Xu
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Bayram HM, Majoo FM, Ozturkcan A. Polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An update of preclinical and clinical studies. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 44:1-14. [PMID: 34330452 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most urgent problems to be solved. To date, only a lifestyle modification related to diet and physical activity is considered for these patients. Polyphenols are a group of plant natural products that when regularly consumed has been related to a reduction in the risk of several metabolic disorders associated with NAFLD. In this study, we aimed to present an overview of the relationship between polyphenols and NAFLD with current approaches. METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search for articles on polyphenols and NAFLD published in English between January 2018 to August 2020. Keywords included in this review: "Phenolic" OR "Polyphenol" AND "Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease". The editorials, communications and conference abstracts were excluded. RESULTS Different polyphenols decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines in both serum and liver that contribute to a decrease in fatty liver dysfunction. Additionally, polyphenols may improve the regulation of adipokines and prevent hepatic steatosis. According to human clinical studies, polyphenols are promising for NAFLD patients and associated diseases that lead to NAFLD. CONCLUSION Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that various polyphenols could prevent steatosis and its progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, as well as ameliorate NAFLD. However, more clinical studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Merve Bayram
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Gelisim University, Avcilar, 34310, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fuzail Mohammed Majoo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Gelisim University, Avcilar, 34310, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Arda Ozturkcan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Gelisim University, Avcilar, 34310, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Hussein RM, Sawy DM, Kandeil MA, Farghaly HS. Chlorogenic acid, quercetin, coenzyme Q10 and silymarin modulate Keap1-Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling in thioacetamide-induced acute liver toxicity. Life Sci 2021; 277:119460. [PMID: 33811899 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The normal functioning of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) complex is necessary for the cellular protection against oxidative stress. We investigated the effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA), quercetin (Qt), coenzyme Q10 (Q10) and silymarin on the expression of Keap1/Nrf2 complex and its downstream target; heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as well as inflammation and apoptosis in an acute liver toxicity model induced by thioacetamide (TAA). MAIN METHODS Wistar rats were divided into 13 groups: Control, silymarin, CGA, Qt, Q10, TAA (single dose 50 mg/kg, i.p.), TAA + silymarin (400 mg/kg, p.o.), TAA + CGA (100 & 200 mg/kg, p.o.), TAA + Qt (200 &300 mg/kg, p.o.) and TAA+ Q10 (30&50 mg/kg, p.o.) and treated for 8 days. KEY FINDINGS The results showed improved liver functions and hepatic tissue integrity in all tested doses of TAA + silymarin, TAA + CGA, TAA + Qt and TAA + Q10 groups compared to the TAA group. Furthermore, these groups showed significantly lower ROS, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels but higher glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activity compared to the TAA group, p < 0.05. In these groups, Keap1 expression was significantly decreased while Nrf2 expression and HO-1 activity were increased. In addition, the number of apoptotic cells and the expression level of TNF-α in the liver tissues were significantly decreased compared to the TAA group. SIGNIFICANCE CGA, Qt, Q10 and silymarin protect against TAA-induced acute liver toxicity via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic activities and regulating Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Mutah University, 61710 Al-Karak, Jordan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514 Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Doaa M Sawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Kandeil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hatem S Farghaly
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Wang Y, Alkhalidy H, Liu D. The Emerging Role of Polyphenols in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030703. [PMID: 33572808 PMCID: PMC7866283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a fast-increasing health problem globally, and it results from insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is recognized as one of the major regulatory organs of glucose homeostasis that involves multiple gut hormones and microbiota. Notably, the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secreted from enteroendocrine L-cells plays a pivotal role in maintaining glucose homeostasis via eliciting pleiotropic effects, which are largely mediated via its receptor. Thus, targeting the GLP-1 signaling system is a highly attractive therapeutic strategy to treatment T2D. Polyphenols, the secondary metabolites from plants, have drawn considerable attention because of their numerous health benefits, including potential anti-diabetic effects. Although the major targets and locations for the polyphenolic compounds to exert the anti-diabetic action are still unclear, the first organ that is exposed to these compounds is the GI tract in which polyphenols could modulate enzymes and hormones. Indeed, emerging evidence has shown that polyphenols can stimulate GLP-1 secretion, indicating that these natural compounds might exert metabolic action at least partially mediated by GLP-1. This review provides an overview of nutritional regulation of GLP-1 secretion and summarizes recent studies on the roles of polyphenols in GLP-1 secretion and degradation as it relates to metabolic homeostasis. In addition, the effects of polyphenols on microbiota and microbial metabolites that could indirectly modulate GLP-1 secretion are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA;
| | - Hana Alkhalidy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-540-231-3402; Fax: +1-540-231-3916
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Haddadi R, Shahidi Z, Eyvari-Brooshghalan S. Silymarin and neurodegenerative diseases: Therapeutic potential and basic molecular mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:153320. [PMID: 32920285 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are primarily characterized by selective neuronal loss in the brain. Alzheimer's disease as the most common NDDs and the most prevalent cause of dementia is characterized by Amyloid-beta deposition, which leads to cognitive and memory impairment. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the dramatic death of dopaminergic neuronal cells, especially in the SNc and caused alpha-synuclein accumulation in the neurons. Silymarin, an extract from seeds of Silybum marianum, administered mostly for liver disorders and also had anti-oxidant and anti-carcinogenic activities. PURPOSE The present comprehensive review summarizes the beneficial effects of Silymarin in-vivo and in-vitro and even in animal models for these NDDs. METHODS A diagram model for systematic review is utilized for this search. The research is conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct. RESULTS Based on the inclusion criteria, 83 studies were selected and discussed in this review. CONCLUSION Lastly, we review the latest experimental evidences supporting the potential effects of Silymarin, as a neuroprotective agent in NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Haddadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal plant and natural products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran.
| | - Zahra Shahidi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahla Eyvari-Brooshghalan
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Sahin E, Bagci R, Bektur Aykanat NE, Kacar S, Sahinturk V. Silymarin attenuated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins GRP78 and XBP-1 in mice. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13194. [PMID: 32189355 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important health problem. The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing, especially in the Western countries. Although there are several intracellular pathways in NAFLD, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has recently gained importance. Silymarin is an important liver-protective biological molecule. In light of this information, we investigated mice for the effect of silymarin on ER stress in the NAFLD model. In our study, the mice were randomly divided into six groups: Control, silymarin 100 and 200 mg/kg sham, fructose-induced NAFLD, and NAFLD + silymarin groups. After the last administrations, liver and blood samples were taken and hematoxylin-eosin, as well as Oil red O staining, were performed. As a result, the body and liver weights, lipid profile, AST, ALT, and glucose levels, along with the ER stress markers, increased in the NAFLD-only group. Silymarin treatments reversed most of these changes. Particularly, 200 mg/kg silymarin was more effective. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: According to the results, silymarin attenuated NAFLD by decreasing the ER stress proteins GRP78 and XBP-1. Silymarin may be therapeutic in the treatment of NAFLD as well as other ER-stress-based diseases. Silymarin can also be taken with food for prophylactic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Sahin
- Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ridvan Bagci
- Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Ezgi Bektur Aykanat
- Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sedat Kacar
- Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Varol Sahinturk
- Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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