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Li Y, Liu X, Lu F, Li H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Li W, Wang W, Yang M, Ma Z, Zhang H, Zhou X, Xu Y, He Z, Sun J, Zhang T, Jiang Q. Natural Amino Acid-Bearing Carbamate Prodrugs of Daidzein Increase Water Solubility and Improve Phase II Metabolic Stability for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8618-8631. [PMID: 38569082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Daidzein (DAN) is an isoflavone, and it is often found in its natural form in soybean and food supplements. DAN has poor bioavailability owing to its extremely low water solubility and first-pass metabolism. Herein, we hypothesized that a bioactivatable natural amino acid-bearing carbamate prodrug strategy could increase the water solubility and metabolic stability of DAN. To test our hypothesis, nine amino acid prodrugs of DAN were designed and synthesized. Compared with DAN, the optimal prodrug (daidzein-4'-O-CO-N-isoleucine, D-4'-I) demonstrated enhanced water solubility and improved phase II metabolic stability and activation to DAN in plasma. In addition, unlike the passive transport of DAN, D-4'-I maintained high permeability via organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1)-mediated transport. Importantly, D-4'-I increased the oral bioavailability by 15.5-fold, reduced the gender difference, and extended the linear absorption capacity in the pharmacokinetics of DAN in rats. Furthermore, D-4'-I exhibited dose-dependent protection against liver injury. Thus, the natural amino acid-bearing carbamate prodrug strategy shows potential in increasing water solubility and improving phase II metabolic stability to enhance the oral bioavailability of DAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan Eastern Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Farong Lu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Huichao Li
- Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110021, P.R. China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Zhining Ma
- Kangya of Ningxia Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaomian Zhou
- School of Life and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Youjun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Qikun Jiang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Wang CW, Tsai HY, Hsu C, Hsieh CC, Wang IS, Chang CF, Su NW. Structure-specific metabolism of flavonol molecules by Bacillus subtilis var. natto BCRC 80517. Food Chem 2024; 430:136975. [PMID: 37549625 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Flavonols (3-hydroxy flavones) have been studied for their beneficial bioactivities for human health. Recently, we reported that a flavonoid phosphate synthetase (BsFPS) from Bacillus subtilis BCRC 80517 can transform several flavonoids into their phosphate conjugates, which become more water-soluble and thus increase the oral bioavailability. However, the in vivo metabolism of different flavonols has yet to be determined. Here, we investigated biotransformation of three flavonols (quercetin, kaempferol and fisetin) by B. subtilis BCRC 80517. C-ring cleavage products of quercetin and kaempferol, i.e., 2-protocatechuoyl-phloroglucinol carboxylic acid (2-PCPGCA), were produced, whereas two phosphate derivatives of fisetin (fisetin 4'-O-phosphate and fisetin 3'-O-phosphate) were generated by cultivation with B. subtilis BCRC 80517. Our results indicated that there are structure-specific metabolic pathways in B. subtilis toward different flavonols, where the 5-hydroxy group determines metabolic priority. Our findings provide new insights for developing bioproduction platform to produce flavonol phosphate derivatives for nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wei Wang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ya Tsai
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chen Hsu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - I-Shu Wang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fon Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Wei Su
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Effects of phytoestrogens on reproductive organ health. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:849-864. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hsu C, Tsai HY, Chang CF, Yang CC, Su NW. Discovery of a novel phosphotransferase from Bacillus subtilis that phosphorylates a broad spectrum of flavonoids. Food Chem 2022; 400:134001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tsai HY, Chen MY, Hsu C, Kuan KY, Chang CF, Wang CW, Hsu CP, Su NW. Luteolin Phosphate Derivatives Generated by Cultivating Bacillus subtilis var. Natto BCRC 80517 with Luteolin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8738-8745. [PMID: 35795971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin (LUT), a plant-derived flavone, exhibits various bioactivities; however, the poor aqueous solubility hampers its applications. Here, we revealed bioconversion of LUT by Bacillus subtilis BCRC 80517, yielding three water-soluble phosphate conjugates. These derivatives were identified as luteolin 4'-O-phosphate (L4'P), luteolin 3'-O-phosphate (L3'P), and luteolin 7-O-phosphate (L7P) by LC-ESI-MS/MS and NMR. Besides, we found that Bacillus subtilis BCRC 80517 was able to convert different levels of LUT but showed a limited conversion rate. By observing bacterial morphology with transmission electron microscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy, we found that LUT disrupted the bacterial membrane integrity, which explained the incomplete conversion. Additionally, we revealed a spontaneous intramolecular transesterification of L4'P to L3'P, the thermodynamically more stable form, under acidic conditions and proposed the possible mechanism involving a cyclic phosphate as the intermediate. This study provides insight into development of a potent structural modification strategy to enhance the solubility of LUT through biophosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ya Tsai
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yu Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chen Hsu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Kuan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fon Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Wang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Hsu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Wei Su
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Liu E, Su Z, Yang C, Ji Y, Liu B, Meng X. Fabrication, characterization and properties of DHA-loaded nanoparticles based on zein and PLGA. Food Chem 2021; 360:129957. [PMID: 33989879 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the feasibility of delivering docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) via zein/ Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid stabilized nanoparticles (ZPDNPs). ZPDNPs with good encapsulation efficiency, water solubility, and chemical instability were prepared by the antisolvent precipitation method. The structure and interaction force of ZPDNPs was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy, circular dichroism, X-ray powder diffraction, and FTIR. The stabilities of ZPDNPs for heating, pH, NaCl aqueous solution were also investigated. The results showed that ZPDNPs can improve the water solubility (750-fold), salt tolerance, and heat-resistant processing stability of DHA. The ZPDNPs had high encapsulation efficiency (84.6%) and stability after 35 days of storage. The simulated digestion of the gastrointestinal tract can change particle size, interface potential, and aggregation state of different DHA nanoparticles. The bioavailability of ZPDNPs was 4.2 ~ 5.6-folds higher than free DHA. Overall, a useful method for ZPDNPs formulation was developed for the delivery of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enchao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhiwei Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bingjie Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xianghong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Maan G, Sikdar B, Kumar A, Shukla R, Mishra A. Role of Flavonoids in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Limitations and Future Perspectives. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1169-1194. [PMID: 32297582 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200416085330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids, a group of natural dietary polyphenols, are known for their beneficial effects on human health. By virtue of their various pharmacological effects, like anti-oxidative, antiinflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and neuroprotective effects, flavonoids have now become an important component of herbal supplements, pharmaceuticals, medicinals and cosmetics. There has been enormous literature supporting neuroprotective effect of flavonoids. Recently their efficacy in various neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson diseases, has received particular attention. OBJECTIVE The mechanism of flavanoids neuroprotection might include antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antineuroinflammatory and modulation of various cellular and intracellular targets. In in-vivo systems, before reaching to brain, they have to cross barriers like extensive first pass metabolism, intestinal barrier and ultimately blood brain barrier. Different flavonoids have varied pharmacokinetic characteristics, which affect their pharmacodynamic profile. Therefore, brain accessibility of flavonoids is still debatable. METHODS This review emphasized on current trends of research and development on flavonoids, especially in neurodegenerative diseases, possible challenges and strategies to encounter using novel drug delivery system. RESULTS Various flavonoids have elicited their therapeutic potential against neurodegenerative diseases, however by using nanotechnology and novel drug delivery systems, the bioavailability of favonoids could be enhanced. CONCLUSION This study bridges a significant opinion on medicinal chemistry, ethanopharmacology and new drug delivery research regarding use of flavonoids in management of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Maan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow-226002, U.P., India
| | - Biplab Sikdar
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow-226002, U.P., India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow-226002, U.P., India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow-226002, U.P., India
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow-226002, U.P., India
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