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Patial V, Katoch S, Chhimwal J, Dadhich G, Sharma V, Rana A, Joshi R, Padwad Y. Catechins prevent obesity-induced kidney damage by modulating PPARγ/CD36 pathway and gut-kidney axis in rats. Life Sci 2023; 316:121437. [PMID: 36702203 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic and a growing public health concern worldwide. It is one of the significant risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease. In the present study, we evaluated the preventive effect of green tea catechins (GTC) against obesity-induced kidney damage and revealed the underlying molecular mechanism of action. Various green tea catechins were quantified in the catechins-rich fraction using HPLC. In vitro, the palmitic and oleic acid-treated NRK-52E cells showed reduced fat accumulation and modulated expressions of PPARγ, CD36, and TGFβ after GTC treatment. In vivo, rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), and the effect of GTC was assessed at 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight doses. HFD-fed rats showed a significant reduction in weight gain and improved serum creatinine, urea, and urine microalbumin levels after GTC treatment. The improved adipokines and insulin levels in GTC treated groups indicated the insulin-sensitizing effect. Histopathology revealed reduced degenerative changes, fibrous tissue deposition, and mesangial matrix proliferation in GTC treated groups. GTC treatment also downregulated the gene expressions of lipogenic and inflammatory factors and improved the altered expressions of CD36 and PPARγ in the kidney tissue. Further, GTC prevented gut dysbiosis in rats by promoting healthy microbes like Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus reuteri. Faecal metabolome revealed reduced saturated fatty acids, and improved amino acid levels in the GTC treated groups, which help to maintain gut health and metabolism. Overall, GTC prevented obesity-induced kidney damage by modulating PPARγ/CD36 signaling and maintaining gut health in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
| | - Swati Katoch
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Jyoti Chhimwal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Garima Dadhich
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Vinesh Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Ajay Rana
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, H.P., India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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Green tea extract increases adiponectin and PPARα levels to improve hepatic steatosis. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 103:108957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Otton R, Petrovic N, Cannon B, Nedergaard J. On the Validity of Adipogenic Cell Lines as Model Systems for Browning Processes: In Authentic Brown, Brite/Beige, and White Preadipocytes, There is No Cell-Autonomous Thermogenic Recruitment by Green Tea Compounds. Front Nutr 2021; 8:715859. [PMID: 34485365 PMCID: PMC8415881 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.715859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential ability of nutritional compounds to induce or enhance the browning of adipocytes has attracted large interest as a workable means of combatting the obesity epidemic. Green tea compounds are discussed as such inducers of an enhanced thermogenic capacity and activity. However, the cell-autonomous effects of green tea compounds on adipocytes have until now only been demonstrated in adipogenic cell lines (3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A), i.e., cells of undefined tissue lineage. In this study, we examine the ability of green tea compounds to cell-autonomously induce thermogenic recruitment in authentic brown and brite/beige adipocytes in vitro. In primary brown adipocytes, the green tea compounds suppressed basal UCP1 gene expression, and there was no positive interaction between the compounds and adrenergic stimulation. In white adipocytes, green tea compounds decreased both basal and norepinephrine-induced UCP1 mRNA levels, and this was associated with the suppression of cell differentiation, indicated by reduced lipogenic gene expression and lipid accumulation. A lack of interaction between rosiglitazone and green tea compounds suggests that the green tea compounds do not directly interact with the PPARγ pathway. We conclude that there is a negative effect of the green tea compounds on basal UCP1 gene expression, in both brown and white primary adipocytes, in contrast to the positive effects earlier reported from studies in adipogenic cell lines. We posit that the epigenetic status of the adipogenic cell lines is fundamentally different from that of genuine brown and white adipocytes, reflected, e.g., in several-thousand-fold differences in UCP1 gene expression levels. Thus, results obtained with adipogenic cell lines cannot unreservedly be extrapolated as being relevant for authentic effects in brown and white adipocytes. We suggest that this conclusion can be of general concern for studies attempting to establish physiologically relevant cell-autonomous effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemari Otton
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natasa Petrovic
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Li HY, Gan RY, Shang A, Mao QQ, Sun QC, Wu DT, Geng F, He XQ, Li HB. Plant-Based Foods and Their Bioactive Compounds on Fatty Liver Disease: Effects, Mechanisms, and Clinical Application. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6621644. [PMID: 33728021 PMCID: PMC7939748 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6621644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fatty liver disease (FLD), including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), is a serious chronic metabolic disease that affects a wide range of people. Lipid accumulation accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver is the most important pathogenesis of FLD. The plant-based, high-fiber, and low-fat diet has been recommended to manage FLD for a long time. This review discusses the current state of the art into the effects, mechanisms, and clinical application of plant-based foods in NAFLD and AFLD, with highlighting related molecular mechanisms. Epidemiological evidence revealed that the consumption of several plant-based foods was beneficial to alleviating FLD. Further experimental studies found out that fruits, spices, teas, coffee, and other plants, as well as their bioactive compounds, such as resveratrol, anthocyanin, curcumin, and tea polyphenols, could alleviate FLD by ameliorating hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and apoptosis, as well as regulating autophagy and ethanol metabolism. More importantly, clinical trials confirmed the beneficial effects of plant-based foods on patients with fatty liver. However, several issues need to be further studied especially the safety and effective doses of plant-based foods and their bioactive compounds. Overall, certain plant-based foods are promising natural sources of bioactive compounds to prevent and alleviate fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qian-Qian Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Quan-Cai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Qin He
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Opportunities and challenges for the nanodelivery of green tea catechins in functional foods. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110186. [PMID: 33773663 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Green tea, the least processed tea product, is scientifically known for its rich antioxidant content originating from polyphenols, especially catechins. The most potent green tea catechin is epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which is responsible for a wide range of health benefits including anticancer, antidiabetics, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, green tea catechins (GTCs) are very labile under both environmental and gastrointestinal conditions; their chemical stability and bioavailability primarily depend on the processing and formulation conditions. Nanocarriers can protect GTCs against such conditions, and consequently, can be applicable for designing nanodelivery systems suitable for GTCs. In this review, the latest findings about both opportunities and limitations for the nanodelivery of GTCs and their incorporation into various functional food products are discussed. The scientific findings so far confirm that nanodelivery of GTCs can be an efficient approach towards the enhancement of their health-promoting effects with a minimal dose, controlled and targeted release, lessening the dose-related toxicity, and the efficient incorporation into functional foods. However, further investigation is yet needed to fully explain the cellular mechanisms of action of GTCs on human health and to elucidate the effect of encapsulation on their bioefficacy using well-designed, systematic, long-term, and large-scale clinical interventions. There also exists a substantial concern regarding the safety of the manufactured nanoparticles, their absorption, and the associated release mechanisms.
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Adipogenic commitment induced by green tea polyphenols remodel adipocytes to a thermogenic phenotype. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 83:108429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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