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Beton-Mysur K, Kopec M, Brozek-Pluska B. Raman Imaging-A Valuable Tool for Tracking Fatty Acid Metabolism-Normal and Cancer Human Colon Single-Cell Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4508. [PMID: 38674093 PMCID: PMC11050638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism of lipids is a key factor in many diseases including cancer. Therefore, investigations into the impact of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids (FAs) on human body homeostasis are crucial for understanding the development of lifestyle diseases. In this paper, we focus on the impact of palmitic (PA), linoleic (LA), and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids on human colon normal (CCD-18 Co) and cancer (Caco-2) single cells using Raman imaging and spectroscopy. The label-free nature of Raman imaging allowed us to evaluate FAs dynamics without modifying endogenous cellular metabolism. Thanks to the ability of Raman imaging to visualize single-cell substructures, we have analyzed the changes in chemical composition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, lipid droplets (LDs), and nucleus upon FA supplementation. Analysis of Raman band intensity ratios typical for lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (I1656/I1444, I1444/I1256, I1444/I750, I1304/I1256) proved that, using Raman mapping, we can observe the metabolic pathways of FAs in ER, which is responsible for the uptake of exogenous FAs, de novo synthesis, elongation, and desaturation of FAs, in mitochondria responsible for energy production via FA oxidation, in LDs specialized in cellular fat storage, and in the nucleus, where FAs are transported via fatty-acid-binding proteins, biomarkers of human colon cancerogenesis. Analysis for membranes showed that the uptake of FAs effectively changed the chemical composition of this organelle, and the strongest effect was noticed for LA. The spectroscopy studies have been completed using XTT tests, which showed that the addition of LA or EPA for Caco-2 cells decreases their viability with a stronger effect observed for LA and the opposite effect observed for PA. For normal cells, CCD-18 Co supplementation using LA or EPA stimulated cells for growing, while PA had the opposite impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beata Brozek-Pluska
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland; (K.B.-M.); (M.K.)
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Comparison of Growth and Chemical Profile of Diatom Skeletonema grevillei in Bioreactor and Incubation-Shaking Cabinet in Two Growth Phases. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20110697. [PMID: 36355020 PMCID: PMC9695663 DOI: 10.3390/md20110697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae, diatoms, are considered a source of a wide range of high-value compounds, and numerous studies indicate their biotechnological potential in the food and feed industry, cosmetic industry, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical industry, biodiesel production, fertilizers, and wastewater treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the growth, chemical profiles, and antioxidant activity of the diatom Skeletonema grevillei cultivated in a bioreactor and an incubation-shaking cabinet at different growth phases (after 192 and 312 h). Growth was monitored by evaluating cell density with the Sedgewick Rafter chamber, and the collected biomass was extracted with 70% ethanol assisted by ultrasound. Extracts were evaporated to dryness and compounds were identified in derivatized form by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, while antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH and ORAC. Significantly faster growth was observed in the bioreactor than in the incubation-shaking cabinet. Oleamide, palmitelaidic acid, glycerol monostearate, myristic acid, cholesterol, eicosapentaenoic acid, 1-monopalmitin, and 24-methylene cholesterol were identified as the major compounds in both systems. Among them, oleamide was the dominant compound in both systems. It is also shown that prolonging the cultivation period had a direct effect on increasing the extract yield. The highest DPPH inhibition (11.4 ± 1%) and ORAC values (93.3 ± 8.4 mM TE) were obtained for the S. grevillei extract recovered from the bioreactor after 312 h. The obtained results contribute to the possibility of using S. grevillei for various biotechnological applications in the future.
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Udumula MP, Poisson LM, Dutta I, Tiwari N, Kim S, Chinna-Shankar J, Allo G, Sakr S, Hijaz M, Munkarah AR, Giri S, Rattan R. Divergent Metabolic Effects of Metformin Merge to Enhance Eicosapentaenoic Acid Metabolism and Inhibit Ovarian Cancer In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061504. [PMID: 35326656 PMCID: PMC8946838 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is being actively repurposed for the treatment of gynecologic malignancies including ovarian cancer. We investigated if metformin induces analogous metabolic changes across ovarian cancer cells. Functional metabolic analysis showed metformin caused an immediate and sustained decrease in oxygen consumption while increasing glycolysis across A2780, C200, and SKOV3ip cell lines. Untargeted metabolomics showed metformin to have differential effects on glycolysis and TCA cycle metabolites, while consistent increased fatty acid oxidation intermediates were observed across the three cell lines. Metabolite set enrichment analysis showed alpha-linolenic/linoleic acid metabolism as being most upregulated. Downstream mediators of the alpha-linolenic/linoleic acid metabolism, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were abundant in all three cell lines. EPA was more effective in inhibiting SKOV3 and CaOV3 xenografts, which correlated with inhibition of inflammatory markers and indicated a role for EPA-derived specialized pro-resolving mediators such as Resolvin E1. Thus, modulation of the metabolism of omega-3 fatty acids and their anti-inflammatory signaling molecules appears to be one of the common mechanisms of metformin's antitumor activity. The distinct metabolic signature of the tumors may indicate metformin response and aid the preclinical and clinical interpretation of metformin therapy in ovarian and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary P. Udumula
- Department of Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (M.P.U.); (N.T.); (J.C.-S.); (M.H.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Laila M. Poisson
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Services, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.M.P.); (I.D.)
| | - Indrani Dutta
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Services, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.M.P.); (I.D.)
| | - Nivedita Tiwari
- Department of Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (M.P.U.); (N.T.); (J.C.-S.); (M.H.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Seongho Kim
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Jasdeep Chinna-Shankar
- Department of Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (M.P.U.); (N.T.); (J.C.-S.); (M.H.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Ghassan Allo
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Sharif Sakr
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Miriana Hijaz
- Department of Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (M.P.U.); (N.T.); (J.C.-S.); (M.H.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Adnan R. Munkarah
- Department of Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (M.P.U.); (N.T.); (J.C.-S.); (M.H.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Ramandeep Rattan
- Department of Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (M.P.U.); (N.T.); (J.C.-S.); (M.H.); (A.R.M.)
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +313-876-7381; Fax: +313-876-3415
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Gloeothece sp.-Exploiting a New Source of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antitumor Agents. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110623. [PMID: 34822494 PMCID: PMC8624295 DOI: 10.3390/md19110623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive lipidic compounds of microalgae, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and carotenoids, can avoid or treat oxidation-associated conditions and diseases like inflammation or cancer. This study aimed to assess the bioactive potential of lipidic extracts obtained from Gloeothece sp.–using Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) solvents like ethanol, acetone, hexane:isopropanol (3:2) (HI) and ethyl lactate. The bioactive potential of extracts was assessed in terms of antioxidant (ABTS•+, DPPH•, •NO and O2•assays), anti-inflammatory (HRBC membrane stabilization and Cox-2 screening assay), and antitumor capacity (death by TUNEL, and anti-proliferative by BrdU incorporation assay in AGS cancer cells); while its composition was characterized in terms of carotenoids and fatty acids, by HPLC-DAD and GC-FID methods, respectively. Results revealed a chemopreventive potential of the HI extract owing to its ability to: (I) scavenge -NO• radical (IC50, 1258 ± 0.353 µg·mL−1); (II) inhibit 50% of COX-2 expression at 130.2 ± 7.4 µg·mL−1; (III) protect 61.6 ± 9.2% of lysosomes from heat damage, and (IV) induce AGS cell death by 4.2-fold and avoid its proliferation up to 40% in a concentration of 23.2 ± 1.9 µg·mL−1. Hence, Gloeothece sp. extracts, namely HI, were revealed to have the potential to be used for nutraceutical purposes.
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Zeng Y, Hu X, Yu Z, Wang F, Zhang Z, He K, Tian H, Yu F. Immune enhancement and antioxidant effects of low molecular-weight peptides derived from Nibea japonica muscles on immune-deficient mice induced by cyclophosphamide. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Li K, Sun S, Kageyama M, Xiao L, Xing G, Gao R, You F, Fu X, Zhang Z. Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Honey Bee Larva Powder. J Med Food 2020; 23:772-782. [PMID: 32456573 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey bee larva powder (HLP) has traditionally been used as a daily supplement and tonic for health promotion with an uncertain scientific basis. In this study, B16-F10 tumor-bearing mice were established to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of HLP. The proliferation and apoptosis assays were performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of honey bee larva extract (HLE) in RAW 264.7 macrophage. The in vivo experimental results demonstrated that the oral administration of freeze-dried HLP (4 and 6 g/kg) significantly enhanced the spleen index, the percentage of CD4+cells, and the ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes (CD4+/CD8+) in the peripheral blood compared with those in the tumor control mice. The in vitro studies demonstrated the potent immunomodulatory activities of HLE through the induction of RAW 264.7 macrophage proliferation and the mitigation of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced toxicity. HLE also exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the cytokine level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage. The present study provides important scientific evidence for the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of HLP and HLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejuan Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- Shengshi Rongen Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | | | - Long Xiao
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Guoqing Xing
- Nature Industry of Tsukuba Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ran Gao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengming You
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Fu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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