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Pakdeechote P, Poasakate A, Prasatthong P, Potue P, Khamseekaew J, Maneesai P. Mitigation effect of galangin against aortic dysfunction and hypertrophy in rats with metabolic syndrome. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16500. [PMID: 37251824 PMCID: PMC10213349 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular alterations induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) are involved in the development of hypertension. Galangin, a flavonoid, is the major active compound isolated from galangal and propolis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of galangin on aortic endothelial dysfunction and hypertrophy, and the mechanisms involved in HFD-induced metabolic syndrome (MS) in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (220-240 g) were separated into three groups: control + vehicle, MS + vehicle, and MS + galangin (50 mg/kg). Rats with MS received HFD plus 15% fructose solution for 16 weeks. Galangin or vehicle was orally administered daily for the final four weeks. Galangin reduced body weight and mean arterial pressure in HFD rats (p < 0.05). It also reduced circulating fasting blood glucose, insulin, and total cholesterol levels (p < 0.05). Impaired vascular responses to the exogenous acetylcholine observed in the aortic ring of HFD rats were restored by galangin (p < 0.05). However, the response to sodium nitroprusside did not differ between the groups. Galangin enhanced the expression of the aortic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein and increased circulating nitric oxide (NO) levels in the MS group (p < 0.05). Aortic hypertrophy in HFD rats was alleviated by galangin (p < 0.05). Increases in tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 levels, angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and angiotensin II (Ang II) concentrations in rats with MS were suppressed in galangin treated group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, galangin reduced the upregulation of angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) expression in rats with MS (p < 0.05). In conclusion, galangin alleviates metabolic disorders and improves aortic endothelial dysfunction and hypertrophy in the MS group. These effects were consistent with increased NO availability, reduced inflammation, and suppressing Ang II/AT1R/TGF-β signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Anuson Poasakate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Patoomporn Prasatthong
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University, Nakhon Sawan 60000, Thailand
| | - Prapassorn Potue
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Khamseekaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Verma K, Shukla R, Dwivedi J, Paliwal S, Sharma S. New insights on mode of action of vasorelaxant activity of simvastatin. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1279-1288. [PMID: 37038017 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Simvastatin is a semisynthetic inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and is used extensively to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Apart from the lipid-lowering effect, simvastatin has been documented to offer impressive vasorelaxant activity. However, the mechanism associated with this vasorelaxant activity has yet not been substantially explored. Thus, the present study has aimed to elucidate the mechanism(s) associated with simvastatin-induced vasorelaxation using an established rat aortic ring model. The results from the study depicted that simvastatin caused significant relaxation in aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine and potassium chloride (KCl). The vasorelaxant effect of simvastatin was attenuated by methylene blue (sGC-dependent cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) inhibitor), NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; NO synthase inhibitor), 4-aminopyridine (Kv blocker), glibenclamide (KATP blocker), and barium chloride (Kir blocker). In addition, the vasorelaxant effect of simvastatin was slightly reduced by PD123319 (angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) antagonist). However, indomethacin (COX inhibitor), 1H-[1,2,4]Ox adiazolol [4,3-α]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; selective soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor), losartan (angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist), atropine (muscarinic receptor blocker), and tetraethyl ammonium (TEA; KCa blocker) did not affect the vasorelaxant effect of simvastatin. Furthermore, simvastatin was found to attenuate the release of calcium (Ca2+) from intracellular stores in the presence of ruthenium red (ryanodine receptor, RyR inhibitor) and extracellular stores via nifedipine (voltage-operated Ca2+ channels, VOCC blocker) and SK&F96365 (receptor-operated Ca2+ channel, ROCC blocker). Thus, it can be concluded that the vasorelaxant effect of simvastatin involves NO/cGMP pathways, AT2R receptors, Ca2+ channels, and K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India.
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Pannangpetch P, Tangsucharit P, Thanaruksa R, Proongkhong T, Srisuwan S, Aekthammarat D. Antihypertensive effect of Mali-Nil surin rice bran hydrolysate and its mechanisms related to the EDHF-mediated vasorelaxation and L-type Ca 2+ channel-mediated vasoconstriction in L-NAME hypertensive rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113003. [PMID: 35462340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mali-Nil Surin rice bran hydrolysate (MRH) contains highly nutritional proteins and beneficial phenolic compounds. This study investigated an antihypertensive effect of MRH and evaluated the mechanisms mediating this action in Nω-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. Antihypertensive activity was determined in male rats orally administered with MRH (100 or 300 mg/kg) or enalapril (15 mg/kg) daily together with L-NAME (50 mg/kg/day) in drinking water, for 21 days. Concurrent oral treatment with MRH lowered the high blood pressure in the L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. MRH treatment improved endothelial function and increased the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated vasorelaxation in L-NAME hypertensive rats. L-NAME rats treated with MRH had reduced adrenergic hypercontractility, which was associated with a decrease in L-type calcium channel-mediated vasoconstriction. In addition, MRH exhibited antioxidant activity in hypertensive rats, as indicated by suppression of vascular superoxide anion production and reduction of malondialdehyde levels, as well as magnification of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in serum. This study demonstrated the nutraceutical potential of MRH to prevent oxidative stress-related vascular dysfunction in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patchareewan Pannangpetch
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Panot Tangsucharit
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | | | - Supawadee Srisuwan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Direk Aekthammarat
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.
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Saengnak B, Kanla P, Samrid R, Berkban T, Mothong W, Pakdeechote P, Prachaney P. Clitoria ternatea L. extract prevents kidney damage by suppressing the Ang II/Nox4/oxidative stress cascade in l-NAME-induced hypertension model of rats. Ann Anat 2021; 238:151783. [PMID: 34144158 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Clitoria ternatia L. (CT) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study investigated the effect of CT aqueous flower extract on blood pressure and renal alterations in Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats received l-NAME in drinking water and were treated with CT flower extract or lisinopril. CT aqueous flower extract and lisinopril alleviated l-NAME-induced hypertension (p < 0.05). Glomerular extracellular matrix accumulation, renal fibrosis, and increased serum creatinine levels were observed in l-NAME-induced hypertensive rats and attenuated by CT flower extract or lisinopril co-treatment (p < 0.05). High levels of plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) and upregulated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (Nox4) protein expression in the kidneys induced by l-NAME were alleviated by CT flower extract or lisinopril co-treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, CT flower extract and lisinopril treatment reduced lipid peroxidation and elevated plasma and kidney malondialdehyde levels in l-NAME-induced hypertensive rats (p < 0.05). In conclusion, CT flower extract prevented l-NAME-induced renal injury and dysfunction in rats. The possible mechanism may be related to the suppression of Ang II-mediated Nox4 expression and the oxidative stress cascade in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchaporn Saengnak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Pipatpong Kanla
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Rarinthorn Samrid
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Thewarid Berkban
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wilaiwan Mothong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Parichat Prachaney
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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