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Xia DD, Han XY, Zhang Y, Zhang N. Chemical Constituents and Their Biological Activities from Genus Styrax. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1043. [PMID: 37513954 PMCID: PMC10385552 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants from the genus Styrax have been extensively used in folk medicines to treat diseases such as skin diseases and peptic ulcers and as an antiseptic and analgesic. Most Styrax species, especially Styrax tonkinensis, which is used as an expectorant, antiseptic, and analgesic in Chinese traditional medicine, could screen resin after external injury. Styrax is also used in folk medicines in Korea to treat sore throat, bronchitis, cough, expectoration, paralysis, laryngitis, and inflammation. Different parts of various Styrax species can be widely employed for ethnopharmacological applications. Moreover, for ethnopharmacological use, these parts of Styrax species can be applied in combination with other folk medicines. Styrax species consist of versatile natural compounds, with some of them exhibiting particularly excellent pharmacological activities, such as cytotoxic, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, antioxidant, and antifungal activities. Altogether, these exciting results indicate that a comprehensive review of plants belonging to this genus is essential for helping researchers to continuously conduct an in-depth investigation. In this review, the traditional uses, phytochemistry, corresponding pharmacological activities, and structure-activity relationships of different Styrax species are clarified and critically discussed. More insights into potential opportunities for future research are carefully assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Ding Xia
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xin-Yu Han
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacy College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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2
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Zhao Y, Zhang M, Hou X, Han J, Qin X, Yang Y, Song Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Jia Q, Li Y, Chen K, Li B, Zhu W, Ge G. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of salicylanilides as novel allosteric inhibitors of human pancreatic lipase. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 91:117413. [PMID: 37490786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing global health problem and is associated with increased prevalence of many metabolic disorders, including diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Pancreatic lipase (PL) has been validated as a key target for developing anti-obesity agents, owing to its crucial role in lipid digestion and absorption. In the past few decades, porcine PL (pPL) is always used as the enzyme source for screening PL inhibitors, which generate numerous pPL inhibitors but the potent inhibitors against human PL (hPL) are rarely reported. Herein, a series of salicylanilide derivatives were designed and synthesized, while their anti-hPL effects were assayed by a fluorescence-based biochemical approach. To investigate the structure-activity relationships of salicylanilide derivatives as hPL inhibitors in detail, structural modifications on three rings (A, B and C) of the salicylanilide skeleton were performed. Among all tested compounds, 2t and 2u were found possessing the most potent anti-PL activity, showing IC50 values of 1.86 μM and 1.63 μM, respectively. Inhibition kinetic analyses suggested that both 2t and 2u could effectively inhibit hPL in a non-competitive manner, with the ki value of 1.67 μM and 1.70 μM, respectively. Fluorescence quenching assays suggested that two inhibitors could quench the fluorescence of hPL via a static quenching procedure. Molecular docking simulations suggested that 2t and 2u could tightly bind on an allosteric site of hPL. Collectively, the structure-activity relationships of salicylanilide derivatives as hPL inhibitors were carefully investigated, while two newly identified reversible hPL inhibitors (2t and 2u) could be used as promising lead compounds to develop novel anti-obesity drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Zhao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xudong Hou
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiaxin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoya Qin
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yunqing Song
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhikai Liu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Shen H, Wang J, Ao J, Ye L, Shi Y, Liu Y, Li M, Luo A. The inhibitory mechanism of pentacyclic triterpenoid acids on pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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4
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Tian Y, Liu C, Wang S, Du M, Zhu B. Efficient screening of pancreatic lipase inhibitors from cod meat hydrolysate through ligand fishing strategy. Front Nutr 2022; 9:969558. [PMID: 36034931 PMCID: PMC9403610 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.969558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become an increasingly serious public health problem. Pancreatic lipase (PL) is identified as a ideal target for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Orlistat, the only approved PL inhibitor (PLI), is a powerful weight loss drug but has many side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover powerful PLIs with high safety. Protein hydrolysate has been demonstrated to be a treasure trove of PLIs, but recognizing responsible functional peptides from them is like looking for a needle in a haystack. In this work, we synthesized and optimized a PL ligand fishing model (PLLFM) using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), then PLLFM was used to quickly fish out potential PLIs from the Cod meat hydrolysate (CMH). Finally, two new PLIs, GSPPPSG and KLEGDLK were identified with IC50 of 0.60 and 1.08 mg/mL, respectively. The Lineweaver-Burk diagram showed that GSPPPSG is a non-competitively dominant mixed-type PLI, whereas KLEGDLK is a competitive inhibitory-type PLI. Moreover, molecular docking suggested that both peptides can stably bind to the key amino acid residues of the PL active site, mainly through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic, and electrostatic interactions. In general, we not only established a method to rapidly fish out potential PLIs from protein hydrolysate, but also provided safe and efficient lead compounds for the development of novel diet foods or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Tian
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China.,College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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5
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Xu Z, Lu D, Yuan J, Ren M, Ma R, Xie Q, Li Y, Li J, Wang J. Storax, A Promising Botanical Medicine for Treating Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:785598. [PMID: 34916951 PMCID: PMC8669959 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence and mortality of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases have been increasing year by year, which has become global burden and challenge. Based on the holistic thinking of “brain disease affects the heart” and “heart disease affects the brain,” as well as the characteristics of multi-target and multi-path effects of Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine is more advantageous in the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. As a botanical medicine, storax is known for its resuscitation, filth avoidance and pain-relieving effects in the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. By reviewing and collating the relevant domestic and international literature in the past 10 years, we have sorted out an overview of the medicinal parts, traditional uses and chemical composition of storax. For the first time, based on the idea of “cerebral and cardiac simultaneous treatment,” the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of heart and brain protection of storax for treating cardio-cerebrovascular diseases were summarized and analyzed, showing that storax has the pharmacological effects of anti-cerebral ischemia, regulation of blood-brain barrier, bidirectional regulation of the central nervous system, anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-arrhythmia, anti-thrombosis and anti-platelet aggregation. It mainly exerts its protective effects on the brain and heart through mechanisms such as inhibition of inflammatory immune factors, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, pro-neovascularization and regulation of NO release. On the basis of the current findings and limitations, the future research strategies and perspectives of storax are proposed, with a view to providing a reference for further application and development of this medicine, as well as contributing new thoughts and visions for the clinical application of “treating brain-heart synchronously”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Danni Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianmei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Song KN, Lu YJ, Chu CJ, Wu YN, Huang HL, Fan BY, Chen GT. Biotransformation of Betulonic Acid by the Fungus Rhizopus arrhizus CGMCC 3.868 and Antineuroinflammatory Activity of the Biotransformation Products. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2664-2674. [PMID: 34546050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation of betulonic acid (1) by Rhizopus arrhizus CGMCC 3.868 resulted in the production of 16 new (3, 5, 6, and 9-21) and five known compounds. Structures of the new compounds were established by analysis of spectroscopic data. Hydroxylation, acetylation, oxygenation, glycosylation, and addition reactions involved the C-20-C-29 double bond. Antineuroinflammatory activities of the obtained compounds in NO production were tested in lipopolysaccharides-induced BV-2 cells. Compared with the substrate betulonic acid, biotransformation products 3, 8, 9, 14, and 21 exhibited an improved inhibitory effect, with IC50 values of 10.26, 11.09, 5.38, 1.55, and 4.69 μM, lower than that of the positive control, NG-monomethyl-l-arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Nan Song
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Jia Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jiao Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ni Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Lian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 818 Xingwan Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Yi Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Tong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
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7
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Di Consiglio E, Darney K, Buratti FM, Turco L, Vichi S, Testai E, Lautz LS, Dorne JLCM. Human Variability in Carboxylesterases and carboxylesterase-related Uncertainty Factors for Chemical Risk Assessment. Toxicol Lett 2021; 350:162-170. [PMID: 34256091 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CES) are an important class of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of a range of chemicals and show large inter-individual variability in vitro. An extensive literature search was performed to identify in vivo probe substrates for CES1 and CES2 together with their protein content and enzymatic activity. Human pharmacokinetic (PK) data on Cmax, clearance, and AUC were extracted from 89 publications and Bayesian meta-analysis was performed using a hierarchical model to derive CES-related variability distributions and related uncertainty factors (UF). The CES-related variability indicated that 97.5% of healthy adults are covered by the kinetic default UF (3.16), except for clopidogrel and dabigatran etexilate. Clopidogrel is metabolised for a small amount by the polymorphic CYP2C19, which can have an impact on the overall pharmacokinetics, while the variability seen for dabigatran etexilate might be due to differences in the absorption, since this can be influenced by food intake. The overall CES-related variability was moderate to high in vivo (<CV 50%), which might be due to possible polymorphism in the enzyme but also to the small sample size available per chemical. The presented CES-related variability can be used in combination with in vitro data to derive pathway-specific distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Di Consiglio
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment & Health Department, Viale Regina Elena 299, Roma, Italy
| | - K Darney
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, F-94701, France.
| | - F M Buratti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment & Health Department, Viale Regina Elena 299, Roma, Italy
| | - L Turco
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment & Health Department, Viale Regina Elena 299, Roma, Italy
| | - S Vichi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment & Health Department, Viale Regina Elena 299, Roma, Italy
| | - E Testai
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment & Health Department, Viale Regina Elena 299, Roma, Italy
| | - L S Lautz
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, F-94701, France; Wageningen Food Safety Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J L C M Dorne
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126, Parma, Italy
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Song YQ, Jin Q, Wang DD, Hou J, Zou LW, Ge GB. Carboxylesterase inhibitors from clinically available medicines and their impact on drug metabolism. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109566. [PMID: 34174250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian carboxylesterases (CES), the key members of the serine hydrolase superfamily, hydrolyze a wide range of endogenous substances and xenobiotics bearing ester or amide bond(s). In humans, most of identified CES are segregated into the CES1A and CES2A subfamilies. Strong inhibition on human CES (including hCES1A and hCES2A) may modulate pharmacokinetic profiles of CES-substrate drugs, thereby changing the pharmacological and toxicological responses of these drugs. This review covered recent advances in discovery of hCES inhibitors from clinically available medications, as well as their impact on CES-associated drug metabolism. Three comprehensive lists of hCES inhibitors deriving from clinically available medications including therapeutic drugs, pharmaceutical excipients and herbal medicines, alongside with their inhibition potentials and inhibition parameters, are summarized. Furthermore, the potential risks of hCES inhibitors to trigger drug/herb-drug interactions (DDIs/HDIs) and future concerns in this field are highlighted. Potent hCES inhibitors may trigger clinically relevant DDIs/HDIs, especially when these inhibitors are co-administrated with CES substrate-drugs with very narrow therapeutic windows. All data and knowledge presented here provide key information for the clinicians to assess the risks of clinically available hCES inhibitors on drug metabolism. In future, more practical and highly specific substrates for hCES1A/hCES2A should be developed and used for studies on CES-mediated DDIs/HDIs both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qing Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiang Jin
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Bhardwaj M, Yadav P, Vashishth D, Sharma K, Kumar A, Chahal J, Dalal S, Kataria SK. A Review on Obesity Management through Natural Compounds and a Green Nanomedicine-Based Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113278. [PMID: 34071722 PMCID: PMC8198321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health complication in almost every corner of the world. Excessive weight gain results in the onset of several other health issues such as type II diabetes, cancer, respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal disorders (especially osteoarthritis), and cardiovascular diseases. As allopathic medications and derived pharmaceuticals are partially successful in overcoming this health complication, there is an incessant need to develop new alternative anti-obesity strategies with long term efficacy and less side effects. Plants harbor secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids and other specific compounds that have been shown to have effective anti-obesity properties. Nanoencapsulation of these secondary metabolites enhances the anti-obesity efficacy of these natural compounds due to their speculated property of target specificity and enhanced efficiency. These nanoencapsulated and naive secondary metabolites show anti-obesity properties mainly by inhibiting the lipid and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, suppression of adipogenesis and appetite, and enhancing energy metabolism. This review focuses on the plants and their secondary metabolites, along with their nanoencapsulation, that have anti-obesity effects, with their possible acting mechanisms, for better human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India; (M.B.); (P.Y.); (D.V.)
| | - Poonam Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India; (M.B.); (P.Y.); (D.V.)
| | - Divya Vashishth
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India; (M.B.); (P.Y.); (D.V.)
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Gaur Brahman Degree College, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Maharaja Neempal Singh Government College, Bhiwani 127021, India;
| | - Jyoti Chahal
- Department of Zoology, Hindu Girls College, Sonipat 131001, India;
| | - Sunita Dalal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India;
| | - Sudhir Kumar Kataria
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India; (M.B.); (P.Y.); (D.V.)
- Correspondence: or
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10
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Zhao DF, Fan YF, Yu HN, Hou FB, Xiang YW, Wang P, Ge GB, Yang L, Xu JG. Discovery and characterization of flavonoids in vine tea as catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors. Fitoterapia 2021; 152:104913. [PMID: 33932529 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Vine tea has been used as a traditionally functional herbal tea in China for centuries, which exhibits paramount potential for chronic metabolic diseases. Herein, the inhibitory potential of vine tea toward human catechol-O-methyltransferase (hCOMT) was investigated. A practical bioactivity-guided fractionation combined with chemical profiling strategy was developed to identify the naturally occurring hCOMT inhibitors. Five flavonoids in vine tea displayed moderate to strong inhibition on hCOMT with IC50 values ranging from 0.96 μM to 42.47 μM, in which myricetin was the critically potent constituent against hCOMT. Inhibition kinetics assays and molecular docking simulations showed that myricetin could bind to the active site of COMT and inhibited COMT-catalyzed 3-BTD methylation in a mixed manner. Collectively, our findings not only suggested that the strong hCOMT inhibition of vine tea has guiding significance in the drug exposure of catechol drugs, but also identified a promising lead compound for developing more efficacious hCOMT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Fang Zhao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu-Fan Fan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao-Nan Yu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fan-Bin Hou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yan-Wei Xiang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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11
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Patil R, Patil S, Maheshwari V, Patil M. Inhibitory kinetics and mechanism of pentacyclic triterpenoid from endophytic Colletotrichum gigasporum against pancreatic lipase. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:270-280. [PMID: 33561462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The burden of obesity is increasing all over the world. Except for Orlistat, no effective anti-obesity drug is currently available. Therefore, a search for the new anti-obesity compound is need of time. This study demonstrates macromolecular interaction and inhibitory effect of pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTT) on pancreatic lipase (PL). In the present study PTTs from endophytic Colletotrichum gigasporum were found to show significant inhibitory activity against PL with IC50 of 16.62 ± 1.43 μg/mL. The PTT isolated through bioassay-guided isolation showed a dose-dependent (R2 = 0.915) inhibition against porcine PL and the results were comparable with the standard (Orlistat). Based on inhibition kinetic data, the gradual increase in Km (app) with increasing PTT concentration indicated that the mode of interaction of PTT with PL was a competitive type, and it directly competed with the substrate (pNPB) for the active site of PL. In vivo studies in Wistar rats at the oral dose (100 mg/kg body weight) of PTT significantly decreased (p < 0.05) incremental plasma triglyceride levels as compared to group B and TG absorption was down-regulated up to 49.18% vis a vis group D animals. The isolated PTT was identified as lupeol based on chromatographic and spectral data. The endophytic isolate was identified as Colletotrichum gigasporum based on morphology and ITS gene sequencing. The present study indicated that PTT had the potential to be used as a natural PL inhibitor in the treatment of obesity and the isolated endophyte can be a valuable bioresource for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R. C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur 425405, MS, India
| | - Samadhan Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R. C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur 425405, MS, India
| | - Vijay Maheshwari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, MS, India
| | - Mohini Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R. C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur 425405, MS, India.
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