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Chaves T, Azevedo Á, Caldas IM. Cheiloscopy in sex estimation: a systematic review. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2024; 20:280-292. [PMID: 37243840 PMCID: PMC10944408 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to gather evidence to clarify if cheiloscopy can be used in sex estimation and identify the reasons behind the lack of consensus in the scientific community. The systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. A bibliographic survey was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, restricted to articles published between 2010 and 2020. Studies were selected according to eligibility criteria, and then the study data were collected. The risk of bias in each study was assessed and applied as additional inclusion or exclusion criteria. The results of the articles eligible for analysis were synthesized using a descriptive approach. In the 41 included studies, several methodological flaws and variations between studies that contribute to the discrepancy in results were identified. The data gathered allowed us to conclude that there is no strong scientific evidence to support the use of cheiloscopy in sex estimation, as there is no specific pattern for each sex, which reduces the criminalistic interest of cheiloscopy in estimating this parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Chaves
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Álvaro Azevedo
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393, Porto, Portugal
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Morais Caldas
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393, Porto, Portugal.
- TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Gandra, Portugal.
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Uzomba GC, Obijindu CA, Ezemagu UK. Considering the lip print patterns of Ibo and Hausa Ethnic groups of Nigeria: checking the wave of ethnically driven terrorism. CRIME SCIENCE 2023; 12:4. [PMID: 36879891 PMCID: PMC9979105 DOI: 10.1186/s40163-023-00183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lip print of an individual is distinct and could be a useful form of evidence to identify the ethnicity of a terrorist. OBJECTIVES The study analyzed the distribution of lip print patterns of two major ethnic groups in Nigeria; Ibo and Hausa, to develop a strategic plan to check the wave of ethnically driven terrorism in Nigeria, carried out by groups such as Boko Haram and Indigeneous People of Biafra (IPOB). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study comprised 800 participants of Ibo and Hausa ethnic groups (400 males and 400 females). The study adopted a digital method of lip print analysis and followed the guidelines outlined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) for anthropometric measurements. The lip was classified, using Tsuchihashi and Suzuki method of classification. RESULTS The predominant lip print patterns of Ibo were Type I with complete vertical groove and Type III with intersect of groove for male and Type III for female. Type I' with partial length groove was the predominant pattern for both male and female Hausa. The lip width and height of female Ibo were longer than that of the Hausa counterpart (P < 0.05), but none of the anthropometric variables could predict the lip print pattern. CONCLUSION The lip size and print could aid forensic investigation, though genetic diversity and heterogeneity of ethnic groups in Nigeria, especially that of Ibo, could setback use of lip print pattern to identify the ethnicity of an unknown individual in Nigeria to help determine the terrorist group to which they may belong.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. C. Uzomba
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Nigeria
| | - C. A. Obijindu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Nigeria
| | - U. K. Ezemagu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Nigeria
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Franco A, Lima LKG, de Oliveira MN, de Andrade Vieira W, Blumenberg C, Costa MM, Paranhos LR. The weak evidence of lip print analysis for sexual dimorphism in forensic dentistry: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24192. [PMID: 34921209 PMCID: PMC8683473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of lip print patterns among males and females, and to test the diagnostic accuracy of lip pattern analysis for sexual dimorphism in forensic dentistry. A systematic literature review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed in six primary databases and three databases to cover part of the grey literature. Observational and diagnostic accuracy studies that investigated lip print patterns through cheiloscopy for sexual dimorphism were selected. Risk of bias was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool. Proportion meta-analysis using random effects was fitted to pool the accuracy of cheiloscopy. The odds of correctly identifying males and females was assessed through a random effects meta-analysis. GRADE approach was used to assess certainty of evidence. The search found 3,977 records, published between 1982 and 2019. Seventy-two studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis (n = 22,965 participants), and twenty-two studies were sampled for meta-analysis. Fifty studies had low risk of bias. Suzuki and Tsuchihashi's technique was the most prevalent among studies. The accuracy of sexual dimorphism through cheiloscopy ranged between 52.7 and 93.5%, while the pooled accuracy was 76.8% (95% CI = 65.8; 87.7). There was no difference between the accuracy to identify males or females (OR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.26; 1.99). The large spectrum of studies on sexual dimorphism via cheiloscopy depicted accuracy percentage rates that rise uncertainty and concern. The unclear performance of the technique could lead to wrong forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademir Franco
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Murilo Navarro de Oliveira
- School of Dentistry, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Walbert de Andrade Vieira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Cauane Blumenberg
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, School of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Márcio Magno Costa
- Division of Removable Prosthesis and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- Division of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2G, sala 1, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil.
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Variation in lip print pattern between two ethnic groups, Oraon tribals and Bengalee Hindus, residing in West Bengal, India. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/anre-2019-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lip print pattern (LPP) is unique to each individual. For decades, forensic experts have used LPP for personal identification to solve criminal cases. However, studies investigating ethnic variation in LPP are scanty. Our study wanted to investigate variation in LPP between two ethnic groups, Oraon tribals and Bengalee Hindus, residing in West Bengal, India. A total of 280 participants included 112 Oraons and168 Bengalee Hindus of both. Prints were taken using dark shaded lipstick and transparent cellophane tape and recorded into white A4 sheet. Prints were divided into four quadrants and examined by magnifying glass. For analysis of results, classification of Suzuki and Tsuchihashi was followed. A p value of 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. It was observed that Type II pattern was dominant in first and second quadrants in both ethnic groups, irrespective of sex. Combination of Type II+III was found to be the most common pattern in males among both Oraons (16.2%) and Bengalee Hindus (12.2%) whereas in females Type II pattern (25.0%) among Oraons and Type III pattern among Bengalee Hindus (11.4%) was the most common. Chi square test showed statistically significant difference among females (p<0.05) and in third and fourth quadrants among males (p<0.01) of both ethnic groups. Our investigation clearly demonstrated sex and ethnic variations in LPP. Further studies are required to investigate ethnic variation in LPP among the various populations groups, both tribal as well as non-tribal, from different regions of India.
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Ahmed S, Salem HE, Fawzy MM. Forensic dissection of lip print as an investigative tool in a mixed Egyptian population. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Ahmed
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, EgyptAin Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Egypt
| | - Hanan E. Salem
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, EgyptAin Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Fawzy
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, EgyptAin Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Egypt
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Fonseca GM, Ortíz-Contreras J, Ramírez-Lagos C, López-Lázaro S. Lip print identification: Current perspectives. J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 65:32-38. [PMID: 31054404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lip print identification has been proposed as an additional tool for crime investigation because of the supposed uniqueness of labial grooves; however, critics of the validity and reliability for methods and techniques redefined standards and requirements in order to consider this discipline a real forensic identification science. During our research we identified recent literature, presented here, which although extensive, have focused almost entirely on anthropological topics with outdated references which were not from primary sources and, furthermore, were erroneously quoted. Currently, authors continue to use the concept of lip pattern uniqueness, yet the greatest part of their research has failed to support this hypothesis under current scientific standards. Concepts and designs needed to evaluate materials for lip print development - the isolation of DNA, evaluation of inter-rater reliability in identifying their patterns or known potential rate of error - are scarcely mentioned in the reviewed literature. Lip print identification has been important historically, but the new paradigm makes the redefinition of the current research necessary to stop guesswork and speculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M Fonseca
- Centro de Investigación en Odontología Legal y Forense -CIO-, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Jorge Ortíz-Contreras
- Centro de Investigación en Odontología Legal y Forense -CIO-, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Sandra López-Lázaro
- Centro de Investigación en Odontología Legal y Forense -CIO-, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Herrera LM, Fernandes CMDS, Serra MDC. Evaluation of Lip Prints on Different Supports Using a Batch Image Processing Algorithm and Image Superimposition. J Forensic Sci 2017; 63:122-129. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Maria Herrera
- Department of Community Dentistry; School of Dentistry, Araraquara; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Rua Humaitá, 1680 Araraquara SP 14801-903 Brazil
| | - Clemente Maia da Silva Fernandes
- Department of Community Dentistry; School of Dentistry, Araraquara; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Rua Humaitá, 1680 Araraquara SP 14801-903 Brazil
| | - Mônica da Costa Serra
- Department of Community Dentistry; School of Dentistry, Araraquara; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Rua Humaitá, 1680 Araraquara SP 14801-903 Brazil
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