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Rockson L, Btoush R. Cervical Cancer Screening Among Older Garifuna Women Residing in New York City. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:1600-1610. [PMID: 37212964 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the level of adherence to the recommended cervical cancer screening guidelines among Garifuna women residing in New York City, and screening practice association with demographic factors, access to healthcare services, perceptions/barriers to cervical cancer screening, acculturation, identity, and level of screening guideline knowledge. Four hundred Garifuna women were surveyed. The study results reveal low self-reported cervical cancer screening rates (60%), increased age, visiting a Garifuna healer in the past year, perceived benefits of receiving the screening test, and knowledge of the Pap test as having the highest predictive variability for receiving cervical cancer screening. The odds of having a Pap test were significantly lower in older women (age 65 years and above) and those visiting a traditional healer within the past year. The study findings provide several implications for developing culturally appropriate interventions aimed to increase the level of cervical cancer screening in this unique immigrant group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois Rockson
- Rutgers School of Health Professions, 65 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ, 07107, USA.
| | - Rula Btoush
- Rutgers School of Nursing, 180 University Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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Ottenheimer D, Huda Z, Yim ET, Atkinson HG. Physician complicity in human rights violations: Involuntary sterilization among women from Mexico and Central America seeking asylum in the United States. J Forensic Leg Med 2022; 89:102358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2022.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Atkinson HG, Wyka K, Hampton K, Seno CL, Yim ET, Ottenheimer D, Arastu NS. Impact of forensic medical evaluations on immigration relief grant rates and correlates of outcomes in the United States. J Forensic Leg Med 2021; 84:102272. [PMID: 34743036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of forensic medical evaluations on grant rates for applicants seeking immigration relief in the United States (U.S.) and to identify significant correlates of grant success. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 2584 cases initiated by Physicians for Human Rights between 2008 and 2018 that included forensic medical evaluations, and found that 81.6% of applicants for various forms of immigration relief were granted relief, as compared to the national asylum grant rate of 42.4%. Among the study's cohort, the majority (73.7%) of positive outcomes were grants of asylum. A multivariable regression analysis revealed that age, continent of origin, history of sexual or gender-based violence, gang violence, LGB sexual orientation, and being detained by the U.S. government at the time of evaluation request were statistically associated with case outcomes. Forensic physical evaluation was more strongly associated with a positive outcome than forensic psychological evaluation. Our findings strengthen and expand prior evidence that forensic medical evaluations can have a substantial positive impact on an applicant's immigration relief claim. Given the growing applicant pool in the U.S., there is an urgent need for more trained clinicians to conduct forensic medical evaluations as well as to educate adjudicators, immigration lawyers, and policy makers about the traumatic nature of the life-altering events that applicants for immigration relief experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly G Atkinson
- CUNY School of Medicine, 160 Convent Avenue, Harris Hall, Suite 113, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
| | - Katarzyna Wyka
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 W. 125th Street, Room 805, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Kathryn Hampton
- Physicians for Human Rights, 256 W. 38th St., Ninth Floor, New York, NY, 10018, USA.
| | - Christian L Seno
- Managing Editor, CUNY Law Review, CUNY School of Law, Two Court Square, Long Island City, NY, 11101, USA.
| | - Elizabeth T Yim
- CUNY School of Medicine, 160 Convent Avenue, Harris Hall, Suite 113, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
| | - Deborah Ottenheimer
- Women's Health Services, Gotham Health, Morrisania, 1225 Gerard Avenue, 3rd Floor, Bronx, NY, 10452, USA.
| | - Nermeen S Arastu
- Immigrant & Non-Citizen Rights Clinic, CUNY School of Law, Two Court Square, Long Island City, NY, 11101-4356, USA.
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