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Major M, Mészáros B, Würsching T, Polyák M, Kammerhofer G, Németh Z, Szabó G, Nagy K. Evaluation of a Structured Light Scanner for 3D Facial Imaging: A Comparative Study with Direct Anthropometry. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:5286. [PMID: 39204985 PMCID: PMC11358891 DOI: 10.3390/s24165286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates the accuracy and repeatability of craniofacial measurements with a 3D light scanner, specifically the EINSTAR scanner, in comparison to traditional caliper measurements for facial anthropometry. Eleven volunteers were assessed by two examiners, one experienced and one inexperienced, who performed direct caliper measurements and indirect measurements using the scanner. Results indicated minimal differences between caliper and scanner results, with overall high accuracy and reliability demonstrated by correlation coefficients. Despite the slightly longer scanning time, the benefits of 3D imaging, including detailed surface mapping and virtual modeling, justify its integration into clinical practice, particularly in maxillofacial surgery and craniofacial assessment. Craniofacial measurements obtained with the EINSTAR scanner showed excellent reliability and accuracy, which qualifies this method for clinical and scientific use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Major
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (G.K.)
| | - Bence Mészáros
- Pediatric Center, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (K.N.)
| | - Tamás Würsching
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (G.K.)
- Pediatric Center, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (K.N.)
| | - Melinda Polyák
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Gábor Kammerhofer
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (G.K.)
| | - Zsolt Németh
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (G.K.)
| | - György Szabó
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (G.K.)
| | - Krisztián Nagy
- Pediatric Center, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary (K.N.)
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Callegari E, Agnolucci J, Angiola F, Fais P, Giorgetti A, Giraudo C, Viel G, Cecchetto G. The Precision, Inter-Rater Reliability, and Accuracy of a Handheld Scanner Equipped with a Light Detection and Ranging Sensor in Measuring Parts of the Body-A Preliminary Validation Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:500. [PMID: 38257593 PMCID: PMC10820714 DOI: 10.3390/s24020500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropometric measurements play a crucial role in medico-legal practices. Actually, several scanning technologies are employed in post-mortem investigations for forensic anthropological measurements. This study aims to evaluate the precision, inter-rater reliability, and accuracy of a handheld scanner in measuring various body parts. METHODS Three independent raters measured seven longitudinal distances using an iPad Pro equipped with a LiDAR sensor and specific software. These measurements were statistically compared to manual measurements conducted by an operator using a laser level and a meterstick (considered the gold standard). RESULTS The Friedman test revealed minimal intra-rater variability in digital measurements. Inter-rater variability analysis yielded an ICC = 1, signifying high agreement among the three independent raters. Additionally, the accuracy of digital measurements displayed errors below 1.5%. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary findings demonstrate that the pairing of LiDAR technology with the Polycam app (ver. 3.2.11) and subsequent digital measurements with the MeshLab software (ver. 2022.02) exhibits high precision, inter-rater agreement, and accuracy. Handheld scanners show potential in forensic anthropology due to their simplicity, affordability, and portability. However, further validation studies under real-world conditions are essential to establish the reliability and effectiveness of handheld scanners in medico-legal settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Callegari
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35100 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (J.A.); (F.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Jacopo Agnolucci
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35100 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (J.A.); (F.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Francesco Angiola
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35100 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (J.A.); (F.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Paolo Fais
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (P.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Arianna Giorgetti
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (P.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Chiara Giraudo
- Unit of Radiology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100 Padova, Italy;
| | - Guido Viel
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35100 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (J.A.); (F.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Giovanni Cecchetto
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35100 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (J.A.); (F.A.); (G.V.)
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Esposito M, Sessa F, Cocimano G, Zuccarello P, Roccuzzo S, Salerno M. Advances in Technologies in Crime Scene Investigation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3169. [PMID: 37891990 PMCID: PMC10605839 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Crime scene investigation (CSI) is the complex act of reconstructing the dynamics that led to a crime and the circumstances of its perpetration. Crystallizing the CSI is a difficult task for the forensic pathologist; however, it is often requested by the public prosecutor and many judicial cases remain unsolved precisely for this reason. Recent years have seen an improvement in the ability of 3D scanning technology to obtain dense surface scans of large-scale spaces, for surveying, engineering, archaeology, and medical purposes such as forensics. The applications of this new technology are growing every day: forensic measurement of wounds in clinical reports, for example, reconstruction of traffic accidents, bullet trajectory studies in gunshot wounds, and 3D bloodstain pattern analysis. A retrospective analysis was conducted across all crime scene investigations performed by the forensic staff of the Department of Forensic Pathology of the University of Catania from January 2019 to June 2022. Inclusion criteria were the use of a laser scanner (LS), the use of a camera, a full investigative scene, and collection of circumstantial data thanks to the help of the judicial police. Cases in which the LS was not used were excluded. Out of 200 CSIs, 5 were included in the present study. In case number 1, the use of the LS made it possible to create a complete scale plan of the crime scene in a few hours, allowing a ship to be quickly returned to the judicial police officer. In case 2 (fall from a height), the LS clarified the suicidal intent of the deceased. In case number 3 it was possible to reconstruct a crime scene after many years. In case 4, the LS provided a great contribution in making a differential diagnosis between suicide and homicide. In case 5, the LS was fundamental for the COVID team in planning the study of COVID-19 pathways and areas within a hospital with the aim of reduction of nosocomial transmission. In conclusion, the use of the LS allowed the forensic staff to crystallize the investigative scene, making it a useful tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cocimano
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Vanvitelli", 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Zuccarello
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Department "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Roccuzzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
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Application of 3D printing in assessment and demonstration of stab injuries. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:1431-1442. [PMID: 35657431 PMCID: PMC9375752 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02846-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In stabbing related fatalities, the forensic pathologist has to assess the direction of wound track (thus, the direction of the stabbing) and the weapon’s possible characteristics by examining the stab wound. The determination of these characteristics can be made only with a high level of uncertainty, and the precise direction of the stabbing is often difficult to assess if only soft tissues are injured. Previously reported techniques used for the assessment of these wound characteristics have substantial limitations. This manuscript presents a method using today’s easily accessible three-dimensional (3D) printing technology for blade-wound comparison and wound track determination. Scanning and 3D printing of knives is a useful method to identify weapons and determine the precise stabbing direction in a stabbing incident without compromising the trace evidence or the autopsy results. Ballistic gel experiment, and dynamic stabbing test experiments prove the method can be applied in safety, without compromising the autopsy results. Identification of the exact knife is not possible with complete certainty but excluding certain knives will decrease the number of necessary DNA examinations, hence it can lower the burden on forensic genetic laboratories. The method addresses many of the shortcomings of previously used methods of probe insertion or post-mortem CT. Insertion of the printed knife into the wound gives a good visual demonstration of the stabbing direction, thus easing the forensic reconstruction of the stabbing incident. After combining the 3D printing with photogrammetry, the achieved 3D visualization is useful for courtroom demonstration and educational purposes.
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Beyond the visible spectrum - applying 3D multispectral full-body imaging to the VirtoScan system. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2021; 17:565-576. [PMID: 34533694 PMCID: PMC8629877 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-021-00420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Multispectral photography offers a wide range of applications for forensic investigations. It is commonly used to detect latent evidence and to enhance the visibility of findings. Additionally, three-dimensional (3D) full-body documentation has become much easier and more affordable in recent years. However, the benefits of performing 3D imaging beyond the visible (VIS) spectrum are not well known, and the technique has not been widely used in forensic medical investigations. A multicamera setup was used to employ multispectral photogrammetry between 365 and 960 nm in postmortem investigations. The multicamera setup included four modified digital cameras, ultraviolet (UV) and near-infrared (NIR) light sources and supplemental lens filters. Full-body documentation was performed in conjunction with the use of a medical X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner to automate the imaging procedure. Textured 3D models based on multispectral datasets from four example cases were reconstructed successfully. The level of detail and overall quality of the 3D reconstructions varied depending on the spectral range of the image data. Generally, the NIR datasets showed enhanced visibility of vein patterns and specific injuries, whereas the UV-induced datasets highlighted foreign substances on the skin. Three-dimensional multispectral full-body imaging enables the detection of latent evidence that is invisible to the naked eye and allows visualization, documentation and analysis of evidence beyond the VIS spectrum.
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Jani G, Johnson A. Virtual reality and its transformation in forensic education and research practices. J Vis Commun Med 2021; 45:18-25. [PMID: 34493128 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2021.1971516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Documentation and evidence analysis are major components in forensic investigation; hence two-dimensional (2D) photographs along with three-dimensional (3D) models and data are used to accomplish this task. Data generated through 3D scanning and photogrammetry are generally visualised on a computer screen. However, spatial details are lost on the visualisation of 3D data on 2D computer screens. Virtual reality (VR) is an immersive technology that allows a user to visualise 3D information by immersing oneself into the scene. In forensics, VR was particularly introduced for the visualising and plotting distances of crime scenes; however, this technology has wider applications in the field of forensics and for court presentation. This short communication outlines the concept of VR and its potential in the field of forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Jani
- Laboratory of Forensic Odontology, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Gujarat, India
| | - Abraham Johnson
- Laboratory of Forensic Odontology, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Gujarat, India
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7
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Kislov MA, Chauhan M, Zakharov SN, Leonov SV, Shakiryanova YP. Computer assisted three-dimensional reconstruction of scene in firearm homicide. Med Leg J 2021; 89:193-198. [PMID: 34225527 DOI: 10.1177/00258172211018359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide advances in computer techniques are not yet recognised in the practice of forensic medicine. A promising application is their use in making a three-dimensional reconstruction of the crime scene. This study analyses this technique in a homicide by firearm. Queries regarding the direction and number of shots, position of the victim inside the car when shot at and presence of the accused at the crime scene were answered by a scientific model. Similar reconstruction of the scene, nailing the accused in a heinous crime, has not previously been reported as a study or a case. The paper anticipates impetus to the growth of literature in criminology and forensic sciences. It will also expedite the delivery of justice based on scientific evidence in controversial causes of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Kislov
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Chauhan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - S N Zakharov
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Leonov
- Department of Medical and Criminalistic Identification, Centre for Forensic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Defense of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y P Shakiryanova
- Department of Medical and Criminalistic Identification, Centre for Forensic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Defense of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Application of non-contact scanning to forensic podiatry: A feasibility study. Sci Justice 2020; 61:79-88. [PMID: 33357830 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Foot impression evidence recovered from crime scenes can be available in the form of barefoot prints, sock-clad footprints, or as impressions within footwear. In some cases, suspects leave their footwear at the scene of the crime, and the insoles from the footwear can be important in linking a person to the footwear. The application of 3D data-collecting technology is becoming more and more popular within forensic science and has been used to recover footwear impression evidence. The present study is a feasibility study to discover if 3D data capturing devices can be applied to insoles; to capture the footprint impression for measurement using the Gunn method (a method used in forensic podiatry casework). Three different methods of data capture were conducted; Adobe Photoshop, MeshLab, and calipers used directly on the insole. Paired t-tests and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were conducted for all three data capture methods. Seven measurements used in this study were significantly different across all three methods. ICC scores were moderate to excellent for the Photoshop method, poor to good for the 3D method, and moderate to excellent for the Direct method.
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9
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Guo Y, Cheng Z, Ding Y, Cai J. Educating for practice: A new redesigned pedagogical model of clinical forensic medicine. J Forensic Leg Med 2020; 76:102064. [PMID: 33129196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2020.102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, cultivating experts in clinical forensic medicine (CFM) has become a universal problem worldwide. In most English-speaking countries, CFM is traditionally designed as an introduction and incorporation into medical undergraduate training whereas in China it is an essential sub-specialty of forensic science. The scope, missions, and tasks of this discipline vary widely by virtue of the diversity of countries and legal environment, leading to the difference in pedagogical model, even in professional qualities and abilities. Accordingly, it is imperative to uniform and standardize the training model of undergraduate of forensic major. In this article, we describe a redesigned pedagogical model of CFM implemented by the Faculty of Forensic Medicine, which is characterized by: (a) initiating students into comprehension of CFM and raising their awareness of the professional responsibilities; (b) developing students intellectual curiosity of legal and medical issues and educating in advanced techniques of CFM; (c) cultivating students ability of expression and communication in professional terms and providing with educational resources to enhance their professional qualities; and (d) improving teachers ability of imparting knowledge and promoting the development and optimization of teaching evaluation system. In terms of forensic practical and scientific research, plentiful prominent achievements have been currently acquired resulted from this redesigned pedagogical model, which demonstrates its superiority in undergraduate education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Guo
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zijia Cheng
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yanjun Ding
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Jifeng Cai
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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10
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Chan B, Rudan JF, Mousavi P, Kunz M. Intraoperative integration of structured light scanning for automatic tissue classification: a feasibility study. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2020; 15:641-649. [PMID: 32144629 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-020-02129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Structured light scanning is a promising inexpensive and accurate intraoperative imaging modality. Integration of these scanners in surgical workflows has the potential to enable rapid registration and augment preoperative imaging, in a practical and timely manner in the operating theatre. Previously, we have demonstrated the intraoperative feasibility of such scanners to capture anatomical surface information with high accuracy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of automatically characterizing anatomical tissues from textural and spatial information captured by such scanners using machine learning. Assisted or automatic identification of relevant components of a captured scan is essential for effective integration of the technology in surgical workflow. METHODS During a clinical study, 3D surface scans for seven total knee arthroplasty patients were collected, and textural and spatial features for cartilage, bone, and ligament tissue were collected and annotated. These features were used to train and evaluate machine learning models. As part of our preliminary preparation, three fresh-frozen knee cadaver specimens were also used where 3D surface scans with texture information were collected during different dissection stages. The resulting models were manually segmented to isolate texture information for muscles, tendon, cartilage, and bone. This information, and detailed labels from dissections, provided an in-depth, finely annotated dataset for building machine learning classifiers. RESULTS For characterizing bone, cartilage, and ligament in the intraoperative surface models, random forest and neural network-based models achieved an accuracy of close to 80%, whereas an accuracy of close to 90% was obtained when only characterizing bone and cartilage. Average accuracy of 76-82% was reached for cadaver data in two-, three-, and four-class tissue separation. CONCLUSIONS The results of this project demonstrate the feasibility of machine learning methods to accurately classify multiple types of anatomical tissue. The ability to automatically characterize tissues in intraoperatively collected surface models would streamline the surgical workflow of using structured light scanners-paving the way to applications such as 3D documentation of surgery in addition to rapid registration and augmentation of preoperative imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Chan
- School of Computing, Queen's University, 557 Goodwin Hall, Kingston, ON, K7L 2N8, Canada
| | - John F Rudan
- Department of Surgery, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Parvin Mousavi
- School of Computing, Queen's University, 557 Goodwin Hall, Kingston, ON, K7L 2N8, Canada.
| | - Manuela Kunz
- School of Computing, Queen's University, 557 Goodwin Hall, Kingston, ON, K7L 2N8, Canada.
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd, Building M-50, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
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Errickson D, Fawcett H, Thompson TJU, Campbell A. The effect of different imaging techniques for the visualisation of evidence in court on jury comprehension. Int J Legal Med 2019; 134:1451-1455. [PMID: 31811378 PMCID: PMC7295823 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Evidence presented within a courtroom should be clear so that the members of the jury can understand it. The presentation of distressing images, such as human remains, can have a negative effect on the jury since photographic images may evoke emotional responses. Therefore, it is important to understand how other visual mediums may improve comprehension, bias, or distress individuals. For this study, 91 individuals were randomly assigned one of three visual evidence formats in a mock courtroom exercise. These included photographs, 3D visualisations, or a 3D-printed model. The results show that the use of 3D imaging improves the juror’s understanding of technical language used within a courtroom, which in turn better informs the juror’s in their decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Errickson
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, SN6 8LA, UK.
| | - H Fawcett
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M15 6BH, UK
| | - T J U Thompson
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Borough Road, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK
| | - A Campbell
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Borough Road, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK
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12
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Zhang W, Kosiorek DA, Brodeur AN. Application of Structured-Light 3-D Scanning to the Documentation of Plastic Fingerprint Impressions: A Quality Comparison with Traditional Photography. J Forensic Sci 2019; 65:784-790. [PMID: 31792977 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plastic fingerprint impressions found at crime scenes are often too delicate for collection, leaving photography as the best option for documentation. However, traditional photography techniques can be inadequate in documenting minute 3-D details due to limitations of the camera and lighting conditions. This study investigated the feasibility of applying commercially available structured-light 3-D scanners in the documentation of plastic prints. Attempts were made to develop a procedure to extract curvature features from 3-D scanned fingerprints and flatten the friction ridge features into two-dimensional (2-D) images to allow direct comparison with the traditional photography in the CSIpix® Matcher and NFIQ 2.0 software. Two 3-D scanners were evaluated a Dentsply Sirona inEos X5® and an Artec Space Spider. In this study, 3-D scanners demonstrated robustness as well as efficiency in the collection of plastic fingerprint impressions in select substrates. One of the developed methods utilizing a discrete geometry operator and convexity features outperformed traditional photography, achieving higher software detection scores in minutiae count and match quality, while traditional photography could not always capture enough high-quality minutiae for comparisons, even after digital enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuchen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Boston University, 72 E Concord St, Boston, 02118, MA
| | - Deborah A Kosiorek
- Latent Print Unit, Boston Police Department, 1 Schroeder Plaza, Boston, 02120, MA
| | - Amy N Brodeur
- School of Medicine, Boston University, 72 E Concord St, Boston, 02118, MA
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Shamata A, Thompson T. Determining the Effectiveness of Noncontact Three-Dimensional Surface Scanning for the Assessment of Open Injuries. J Forensic Sci 2019; 65:627-635. [PMID: 31577378 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Noncontact three-dimensional (3D) surface scanning methods are used within forensic medicine to record traumas and other related findings. A structured light scanning technique is one of these methods and the most suitable for the forensic field. An assessment of the efficiency of different structured light scanners with forensic injuries is essential to validate this technique for wound documentation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of the HP structured light scanner Pro S3 for digitizing open injuries having complicated areas and depths. Fifteen simulated injuries on mannequins were scanned and assessed. Comparisons between 3D and direct wound measurements were made. The results showed that the technique was able to create detailed 3D results of the extensive injuries. Statistical significance tests revealed no difference between the two measurement methods. Because the scanner is applicable for routine work, it should be considered to confirm the same results on real cadavers and actual wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awatif Shamata
- Postgraduate Research School, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, U.K
| | - Tim Thompson
- School of Science and Engineering, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, U.K
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14
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Wang J, Li Z, Hu W, Shao Y, Wang L, Wu R, Ma K, Zou D, Chen Y. Virtual reality and integrated crime scene scanning for immersive and heterogeneous crime scene reconstruction. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 303:109943. [PMID: 31546165 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Crime scene reconstruction plays a significant role in crime solving by helping to determine the course of events. Non-invasive, high-resolution measurement and increased insight are always the goal of forensic crime scene documentation. However, entire crime scenes cannot be effectively reconstructed with traditional methods. In this study, we present a portable system that consists of a laser scanner, two hand-held structured light scanners and a low-cost virtual reality (VR) headset with a mobile power supply to conduct multi-angle and omnidirectional three-dimensional spatial data collection of crime scenes. To demonstrate practical use, a real case has been analysed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the system. The system accurately obtains information on decedent injuries, possible injury-inflicting tools and on-site traces. Various types of evidence from the crime scene can be jointly studied by three-dimensional visualization to develop a cohesive story. The data are presented via immersive VR rather than displayed on computer screens. The relationship between evidence chains enables us to achieve a complete crime scene reconstruction, using the specialized knowledge of experts and computer-aided forensic tools to analyse the causes of damage and identify suspects. The use of three- dimensional imaging techniques allows a more insightful survey and several useful analyses, such as accurate measurement, relative blood source location determination and injury-inflicting tool comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, 1347# West Guangfu Road, Shanghai, China; Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 130# Dongan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengdong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, 1347# West Guangfu Road, Shanghai, China; Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 130# Dongan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhu Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, 1347# West Guangfu Road, Shanghai, China; School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838# Guangzhou Avenue North Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Shao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 130# Dongan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongqi Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaijun Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghua Zou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, 1347# West Guangfu Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yijiu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, 1347# West Guangfu Road, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Obertová Z, Leipner A, Messina C, Vanzulli A, Fliss B, Cattaneo C, Sconfienza LM. Postmortem imaging of perimortem skeletal trauma. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 302:109921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Kate Brookes G, Thompson T. The impact of personal perception on the identification of tattoo pattern in human identification. J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 64:34-41. [PMID: 30959313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tattoos and body modifications have a significant role to play in the identification of individuals in a variety of forensic contexts. Despite this, little work has explicitly examined this topic. The aim of this study was to examine whether personal perception has an influence on the identification of tattoo images. A questionnaire was constructed containing a variety of tattoo images and distributed randomly, resulting in two hundred and eleven participant responses. The results indicated that the perception of tattoos has a high margin for error and interpretation. The conclusion of the study argues that a perception issue exists amongst individuals, however further work needs to be carried out to establish the degree of variation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Thompson
- School of Science, Engineering & Design, Teesside University, United Kingdom
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17
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Kottner S, Schaerli S, Fürst M, Ptacek W, Thali M, Gascho D. VirtoScan-on-Rails - an automated 3D imaging system for fast post-mortem whole-body surface documentation at autopsy tables. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2019; 15:198-212. [PMID: 30850988 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-019-00095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional photographic documentation is a substantial part of post-mortem examinations for legal investigations. Additional three-dimensional surface documentation has been shown to assist in the visualization of findings and contribute to the reconstruction of the sequence of events. However, 2D photo documentation and, especially, 3D surface documentation, are time-consuming procedures that require specially trained personnel. In this study a 3D imaging system, called VirtoScan-on-Rails, was developed to automate and facilitate 3D surface documentation for photo documentation in autopsy suites. The imaging system was built to quickly acquire photogrammetric image sets of whole bodies during different stages of external and internal examinations. VirtoScan-on-Rails was set up in the autopsy suite of the Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine at the University of Zurich (Zurich, Switzerland). The imaging system is based on a movable frame that carries a multi-camera array. Data quality and the applicability of the system were analyzed and evaluated within two test series. Up to 200 overlapping photographic images were acquired at consecutive image-capturing positions over a distance of approximately 2000 mm. The image-capturing process took 1 min and 23 s to acquire a set of 200 images for one side of the body. During test series one and two, 53 photogrammetric image sets taken from 31 forensic cases were successfully reconstructed. VirtoScan-on-Rails is an automated, fast and easy-to-use 3D imaging setup for autopsy suits. It facilitates documenting bodies during different stages of forensic examinations and allows standardizing the procedure of photo documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Kottner
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sarah Schaerli
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fürst
- Austrian Center for Medical Innovation and Technology, ACMIT Gmbh, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Ptacek
- Austrian Center for Medical Innovation and Technology, ACMIT Gmbh, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Michael Thali
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Gascho
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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