1
|
Zhang Z, Sheetz EG, Pink M, Yamamoto N, Flood AH. Cone Angles Quantify and Predict the Affinity and Reactivity of Anion Complexes between Trifluoroborates and Rigid Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202409070. [PMID: 38969622 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Steric manipulation is a known concept in molecular recognition but there is currently no linear free energy relationship correlating sterics to the stability of receptor-anion complexes nor to the reactivity of the bound anion. By analogy to Tolman cone angles in cation coordination chemistry, we explore how to define and correlate cone angles of organo-trifluoroborates (R-BF3 -) to the affinities observed for cyanostar-anion binding. We extend the analogy to a rare investigation of the anion's reactivity and how it changes upon binding. The substituent on the anion is used to define the cone angle, θ. A series of 10 anions were studied including versions with ethynyl, ethylene, and ethyl substituents to tune steric bulk across the sp, sp2 and sp3 hybridized α-carbons bearing 0, 1 and 2 hydrogen atoms. A linear relationship between affinity and cone angle is observed for anions bearing substituents larger than the -BF3 - headgroup. This correlation predicted affinities of two new anions to within ±5 %. We explored how complexation affects the reactivity of fluoride exchange. The yield of fluoride transfer from R-BF3 - to Lewis acid triphenylborane is correlated with cone angle. We predict that other rigid macrocycles, like commercially available bambusuril, could follow these trends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Address, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, United States
| | - Edward G Sheetz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Address, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Address, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, United States
| | - Nobuyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Address, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, United States
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Address, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Béke F, Csenki JT, Novák Z. Fluoroalkylations and Fluoroalkenylations with Iodonium Salts. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300083. [PMID: 37129578 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and applications of fluoroalkyl and fluoroalkenyliodonium salts are summarized in this account article, focusing preferably to the reagents designed in our laboratory in the last decade. Among these reagents trifluoroethyl(aryl)iodonium salts have been used most frequently to build carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds in simple nucleophilic substitutions and through transition metal catalyzed coupling reactions. Iodonium salts equipped with unsaturated fluorinated function showed diverse reactivity due to their electron deficient character, and these molecular motifs enable cycloadditions and nucleophilic additions to prepare fluorinated carbo- and heterocyclic molecules. Beyond the overview of existing transformations, with the presented collection, we aim to inspire future developments of iodonium reagents and their application in organic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Béke
- Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry., Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/a, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - János T Csenki
- Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry., Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/a, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Novák
- Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry., Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/a, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bardin VV, Prikhod’ko SA, Shmakov MM, Shabalin AY, Adonin NY. Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Aryl(halo)boranes from Potassium Aryl(fluoro)borates. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Kohlhepp SV, Gulder T. Hypervalent iodine(iii) fluorinations of alkenes and diazo compounds: new opportunities in fluorination chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:6270-6288. [PMID: 27417189 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00361c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The fluorination of organic molecules is a rapidly evolving and exciting field in synthesis, which still poses huge challenges despite the advances made in the past decades. Hypervalent iodine(iii) reagents, which have already proven their versatility as synthetic tools in organic chemistry, are currently on the rise in fluorination chemistry. With their ability to break new mechanistic grounds, they grant access to completely new reactivities and thus also to novel fluorinated structural scaffolds. This review aims to provide an overview of the achievements made in the iodine(iii) mediated fluorinations of aliphatic Csp2-carbon atoms with special focus on the opportunities provided by this exciting class of hypervalent substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie V Kohlhepp
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - Tanja Gulder
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chatterjee N, Goswami A. Diverse Transformations of Boronic Compounds Promoted by Hypervalent Organoiodines(III): Unique Combined Reactivity of Two Electrophilic Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nachiketa Chatterjee
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar; Nangal Road Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001 India
| | - Avijit Goswami
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar; Nangal Road Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001 India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The preparation, structure, and chemistry of hypervalent iodine compounds are reviewed with emphasis on their synthetic application. Compounds of iodine possess reactivity similar to that of transition metals, but have the advantage of environmental sustainability and efficient utilization of natural resources. These compounds are widely used in organic synthesis as selective oxidants and environmentally friendly reagents. Synthetic uses of hypervalent iodine reagents in halogenation reactions, various oxidations, rearrangements, aminations, C-C bond-forming reactions, and transition metal-catalyzed reactions are summarized and discussed. Recent discovery of hypervalent catalytic systems and recyclable reagents, and the development of new enantioselective reactions using chiral hypervalent iodine compounds represent a particularly important achievement in the field of hypervalent iodine chemistry. One of the goals of this Review is to attract the attention of the scientific community as to the benefits of using hypervalent iodine compounds as an environmentally sustainable alternative to heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Adonin NY, Shabalin AY, Bardin VV. Hydrodeboration of potassium polyfluoroaryl(fluoro)borates with alcohols. J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
8
|
Thermal decomposition of 4-fluorobenzenediazonium perfluoroorganyl(fluoro)borates, [4-FC6H4N2]Y (Y=RFBF3 (RF=C6F5, C6F13, trans-C4F9CFCF, cis-C6F13CFCF, CF3CC) and (C6F13)2BF2). J Fluor Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Frohn HJ, Bilir V, Westphal U. Two New Types of Xenon–Carbon Species: The Zwitterion, 1-(Xe+)C6F4-4-(BF3–), and the Dication, [1,4-(Xe)2C6F4]2+. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:11251-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3017112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hermann-Josef Frohn
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, D-47048
Duisburg, Germany
| | - Vural Bilir
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, D-47048
Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Westphal
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, D-47048
Duisburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Perfluoroorganylxenonium(II) salts from reactions of XeF2 or [FXe][SbF6] with selected perfluorinated alk-1-yn-1-yl- and alk-1-en-1-yltrifluoroborate salts in aHF. J Fluor Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
11
|
|
12
|
Frohn HJ, Giesen M, Bardin VV. New types of asymmetrical bromonium salts [RF(RF′)Br]Y where RF and/or RF′ represent perfluorinated aryl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups. J Fluor Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2010.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
13
|
Frohn HJ, Giesen M, Welting D, Bardin VV. Bis(perfluoroorganyl)bromonium salts [(RF)2Br]Y (RF=aryl, alkenyl, and alkynyl). J Fluor Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
14
|
Frohn HJ, Wenda A, Flörke U. A first methodical approach to salts with unsymmetrical fluorophenyl(pentafluorophenyl)difluoroiodonium(V) cations [Rf(RF)IF2]+ (Rf=x-FC6H4, x=2, 3, 4; RF=C6F5). Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Merritt E, Olofsson B. Diaryliodonium Salts: A Journey from Obscurity to Fame. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:9052-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200904689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 824] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
16
|
Frohn HJ, Hirschberg ME, Westphal U, Flörke U, Boese R, Bläser D. First Isolation and Structural Characterization of N-base Adducts of Mono- and Perfluoroaryliodine(III) Compounds, ArfIX2(X = F, CN). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200900169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
17
|
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Frohn HJ, Hirschberg ME, Boese R, Bläser D, Flörke U. Mono- and Perfluoroaryliodine(III) Cyano Compounds - Synthesis, Reactivity, and Structure. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200800269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
20
|
Frohn HJ, Hirschberg ME, Wenda A, Bardin VV. Polyvalent perfluoroorgano- and selected polyfluoroorgano-halogen(III and V) compounds. J Fluor Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
21
|
Frohn HJ, Wenda A, Flörke U. [(C6F5)2IF2][BF4], the First Salt with the Electrophilic Cation [(C6F5)2IF2]+: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Structure. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200700499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
22
|
Frohn HJ, Bardin VV. A Widely Applicable Synthetic Approach to Alk-1-yn-1-yl(polyfluoroorganyl)-iodonium Salts [(RC≡C)(R′)I][BF4]. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200700319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
23
|
Bardin VV, Adonin NY, Frohn HJ. A well feasible and general route to (organoethynyl)difluoroboranes, RHCCBF2, and their perfluorinated analogues, RFCCBF2. J Fluor Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2006.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
24
|
Borocci S, Bronzolino N, Grandinetti F. Noble-Gas Complexes: Theoretical Investigation of Multicenter Polynuclear Species. Helv Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200790135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
25
|
|