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Jiao L, Yu H, Ning Z, Li Z. Research Progress in the Preparation of Aryl and Alkyl Mixed Phosphates. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Anitha T, Ashalu KC, Sandeep M, Mohd A, Wencel-Delord J, Colobert F, Reddy KR. LiI/TBHP Mediated Oxidative Cross-Coupling of P(O)-H Compounds with Phenols and Various Nucleophiles: Direct Access to the Synthesis of Organophosphates. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thippani Anitha
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Division; CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; 500007 Tarnaka Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); 110025 New Delhi India
| | - Kashamalla Chinna Ashalu
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Division; CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; 500007 Tarnaka Hyderabad India
| | - Mummadi Sandeep
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Division; CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; 500007 Tarnaka Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); 110025 New Delhi India
| | - Aabid Mohd
- Laboratoired′InnovationMoléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS7042); Université de Strasbourg/Université de haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel; 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Joanna Wencel-Delord
- Laboratoired′InnovationMoléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS7042); Université de Strasbourg/Université de haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel; 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Francoise Colobert
- Laboratoired′InnovationMoléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS7042); Université de Strasbourg/Université de haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel; 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Kallu Rajender Reddy
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Division; CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; 500007 Tarnaka Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); 110025 New Delhi India
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Franjesevic AJ, Sillart SB, Beck JM, Vyas S, Callam CS, Hadad CM. Resurrection and Reactivation of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase. Chemistry 2019; 25:5337-5371. [PMID: 30444932 PMCID: PMC6508893 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents and pesticides present significant threats to civilian and military populations. OP compounds include the nefarious G and V chemical nerve agents, but more commonly, civilians are exposed to less toxic OP pesticides, resulting in the same negative toxicological effects and thousands of deaths on an annual basis. After decades of research, no new therapeutics have been realized since the mid-1900s. Upon phosphylation of the catalytic serine residue, a process known as inhibition, there is an accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain synapses and neuromuscular junctions, leading to a cholinergic crisis and eventually death. Oxime nucleophiles can reactivate select OP-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Yet, the fields of reactivation of AChE and butyrylcholinesterase encounter additional challenges as broad-spectrum reactivation of either enzyme is difficult. Additional problems include the ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and to provide therapy in the central nervous system. Yet another complication arises in a competitive reaction, known as aging, whereby OP-inhibited AChE is converted to an inactive form, which until very recently, had been impossible to reverse to an active, functional form. Evaluations of uncharged oximes and other neutral nucleophiles have been made. Non-oxime reactivators, such as aromatic general bases and Mannich bases, have been developed. The issue of aging, which generates an anionic phosphylated serine residue, has been historically recalcitrant to recovery by any therapeutic approach-that is, until earlier this year. Mannich bases not only serve as reactivators of OP-inhibited AChE, but this class of compounds can also recover activity from the aged form of AChE, a process referred to as resurrection. This review covers the modern efforts to address all of these issues and notes the complexities of therapeutic development along these different lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Franjesevic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sydney B Sillart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jeremy M Beck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shubham Vyas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Current Address: Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Christopher S Callam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Christopher M Hadad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Timperley CM, Abdollahi M, Al-Amri AS, Baulig A, Benachour D, Borrett V, Cariño FA, Geist M, Gonzalez D, Kane W, Kovarik Z, Martínez-Álvarez R, Fusaro Mourão NM, Neffe S, Raza SK, Rubaylo V, Suárez AG, Takeuchi K, Tang C, Trifirò F, van Straten FM, Vanninen PS, Vučinić S, Zaitsev V, Zafar-Uz-Zaman M, Zina MS, Holen S, Forman JE, Alwan WS, Suri V. Advice on assistance and protection by the Scientific Advisory Board of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons: Part 2. On preventing and treating health effects from acute, prolonged, and repeated nerve agent exposure, and the identification of medical countermeasures able to reduce or eliminate the longer term health effects of nerve agents. Toxicology 2019; 413:13-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Jang YJ, Kim K, Tsay OG, Atwood DA, Churchill DG. Update 1 of: Destruction and Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents. Chem Rev 2015; 115:PR1-76. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong Jang
- Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibong Kim
- Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Olga G. Tsay
- Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - David A. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - David G. Churchill
- Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305−701, Republic of Korea
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Emmadi NR, Atmakur K, Chennapuram M, Nanubolu JB. Synthesis of amidoalkyl chromen-2-ones by one pot three component reaction under solvent free conditions. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00166d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Topczewski JJ, Lodge AM, Yasapala SN, Payne MK, Keshavarzi PM, Quinn DM. Reversible inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase by methoxypyridinium species. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5786-9. [PMID: 24076173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by organophosphorous chemical warfare agents necessitates that antidotes be administered for effective treatment. Currently no antidote is known that resurrects the phosphyl-AChE complex once aging has occurred. This report characterizes the affinities of over 30 new AChE inhibitors which could act as resurrecting agents for the aged AChE-OP adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Topczewski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
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Kim K, Tsay OG, Atwood DA, Churchill DG. Destruction and detection of chemical warfare agents. Chem Rev 2011; 111:5345-403. [PMID: 21667946 DOI: 10.1021/cr100193y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kibong Kim
- Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Ashani Y, Gupta RD, Goldsmith M, Silman I, Sussman JL, Tawfik DS, Leader H. Stereo-specific synthesis of analogs of nerve agents and their utilization for selection and characterization of paraoxonase (PON1) catalytic scavengers. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 187:362-9. [PMID: 20303930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluorogenic organophosphate inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) homologous in structure to nerve agents provide useful probes for high throughput screening of mammalian paraoxonase (PON1) libraries generated by directed evolution of an engineered PON1 variant with wild-type like specificity (rePON1). Wt PON1 and rePON1 hydrolyze preferentially the less-toxic R(P) enantiomers of nerve agents and of their fluorogenic surrogates containing the fluorescent leaving group, 3-cyano-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (CHMC). To increase the sensitivity and reliability of the screening protocol so as to directly select rePON1 clones displaying stereo-preference towards the toxic S(P) enantiomer, and to determine accurately K(m) and k(cat) values for the individual isomers, two approaches were used to obtain the corresponding S(P) and R(P) isomers: (a) stereo-specific synthesis of the O-ethyl, O-n-propyl, and O-i-propyl analogs and (b) enzymic resolution of a racemic mixture of O-cyclohexyl methylphosphonylated CHMC. The configurational assignments of the S(P) and R(P) isomers, as well as their optical purity, were established by X-ray diffraction, reaction with sodium fluoride, hydrolysis by selected rePON1 variants, and inhibition of AChE. The S(P) configuration of the tested surrogates was established for the enantiomer with the more potent anti-AChE activity, with S(P)/R(P) inhibition ratios of 10-100, whereas the R(P) isomers of the O-ethyl and O-n-propyl were hydrolyzed by wt rePON1 about 600- and 70-fold faster, respectively, than the S(P) counterpart. Wt rePON1-induced R(P)/S(P) hydrolysis ratios for the O-cyclohexyl and O-i-propyl analogs are estimated to be >>1000. The various S(P) enantiomers of O-alkyl-methylphosphonyl esters of CHMC provide suitable ligands for screening rePON1 libraries, and can expedite identification of variants with enhanced catalytic proficiency towards the toxic nerve agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ashani
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Blum MM, Timperley CM, Williams GR, Thiermann H, Worek F. Inhibitory Potency against Human Acetylcholinesterase and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Fluorogenic Nerve Agent Mimics by Human Paraoxonase 1 and Squid Diisopropyl Fluorophosphatase. Biochemistry 2008; 47:5216-24. [DOI: 10.1021/bi702222x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Michael Blum
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany, Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, J. W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany, and Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, U.K
| | - Christopher M. Timperley
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany, Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, J. W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany, and Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, U.K
| | - Gareth R. Williams
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany, Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, J. W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany, and Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, U.K
| | - Horst Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany, Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, J. W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany, and Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, U.K
| | - Franz Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany, Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, J. W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany, and Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, U.K
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