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Yu Y, Liu A, Dhawan G, Mei H, Zhang W, Izawa K, Soloshonok VA, Han J. Fluorine-containing pharmaceuticals approved by the FDA in 2020: Synthesis and biological activity. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Han J, Wzorek A, Klika KD, Soloshonok VA. Recommended Tests for the Self-Disproportionation of Enantiomers (SDE) to Ensure Accurate Reporting of the Stereochemical Outcome of Enantioselective Reactions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26092757. [PMID: 34067099 PMCID: PMC8124418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight the necessity of conducting tests to gauge the magnitude of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) phenomenon to ensure the veracity of reported enantiomeric excess (ee) values for scalemic samples obtained from enantioselective reactions, natural products isolation, etc. The SDE always occurs to some degree whenever any scalemic sample is subjected to physicochemical processes concomitant with the fractionation of the sample, thus leading to erroneous reporting of the true ee of the sample if due care is not taken to either preclude the effects of the SDE by measurement of the ee prior to the application of physicochemical processes, suppressing the SDE, or evaluating all obtained fractions of the sample. Or even avoiding fractionation altogether if possible. There is a clear necessity to conduct tests to assess the magnitude of the SDE for the processes applied to samples and the updated and improved recommendations described herein cover chromatography and processes involving gas-phase transformations such as evaporation or sublimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Karel D. Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.D.K.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: (K.D.K.); (V.A.S.)
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Han J, Konno H, Sato T, Soloshonok VA, Izawa K. Tailor-made amino acids in the design of small-molecule blockbuster drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113448. [PMID: 33906050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of amino acids (AAs) in modern health industry is well-appreciated. Residues of individual AAs, or their chemical modifications, such as diamines and amino alcohols, are frequently found in the structures of modern pharmaceuticals. The goal of this review article, is to emphasize that, currently, tailor-made AAs serve as key structural features in many most successful pharmaceuticals, so-called blockbuster drugs. In the present article, we profile 14 small-molecule drugs, underscoring the breadth of structural variety of AAs applications in numerous therapeutic areas. For each compound, we provide spectrum of biological activity, medicinal chemistry discovery, and synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Sato
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-19-40, Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, 559-0034, Japan
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, Plaza Bizkaia, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Kunisuke Izawa
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-19-40, Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, 559-0034, Japan.
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Flurbiprofen: A Study of the Behavior of the Scalemate by Chromatography, Sublimation, and NMR. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
2-(2-Fluoro-4-biphenyl) propionic acid (flurbiprofen), from the phenylalkanoic acid family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID’s), is currently on the pharmaceutical market as a racemate. This racemic compound was tested for its propensity to undergo the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) phenomenon by various forms of chromatography (SDEvC), such as routine gravity-driven column chromatography, medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC), preparative thin-layer chromatography (PTLC), and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), as well as by sublimation (SDEvS). Furthermore, examination by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in various solvents found that flurbiprofen exhibited the phenomenon of self-induced diastereomeric anisochronism (SIDA). By measurement of the diffusion coefficient (D), the longitudinal relaxation time (T1), and the transverse relaxation time (T2) using NMR, as well as by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) examinations, the preferred intermolecular association was found to be solvent dependent, e.g., heterochiral association was preferred in toluene, while homochiral association was preferred in more polar solvents. This study also attempted, unsuccessfully, to correlate the NMR measurements of flurbiprofen with chromatographic outcomes for the rationalization and prediction of chromatographic results based on NMR measurements. Because the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the acid groups in flurbiprofen overwhelmingly predominates over other intermolecular interactions, flurbiprofen seemed to represent a good test case for this idea. The behavior of scalemic samples of flurbiprofen is important, as, although it is currently dispensed as a racemate, clinical applications of the R enantiomer have been investigated. SDEvC and SDEvS both have ramifications for the preparation, handling, and storage of enantioenriched flurbiprofen, and this concern applies to other chiral drugs as well.
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Potentially Mistaking Enantiomers for Different Compounds Due to the Self-Induced Diastereomeric Anisochronism (SIDA) Phenomenon. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12071106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The NMR phenomenon of self-induced diastereomeric anisochronism (SIDA) was observed with an alcohol and an ester. The alcohol exhibited large concentration-dependent chemical shifts (δ’s), which initially led us to erroneously consider whether two enantiomers were in fact atropisomers. This highlights a potential complication for the analysis of chiral compounds due to SIDA, namely the misidentification of enantiomers. A heterochiral association preference for the alcohol in CDCl3 was determined by the intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and diffusion measurements, the same preference as found in the solid state. The ester revealed more subtle effects, but concentration-dependent δ’s, observation of intermolecular NOE’s, as well as distinct signals for the two enantiomers in a scalemic sample all indicated the formation of associates. Intermolecular NOE and diffusion measurements indicated that homochiral association is slightly preferred over heterochiral association in CDCl3, thus masking association for enantiopure and racemic samples of equal concentration. As observed with the alcohol, heterochiral association was preferred for the ester in the solid state. The potential problems that SIDA can cause are highlighted and constitute a warning: Due care should be taken with respect to conditions, particularly the concentration, when measuring NMR spectra of chiral compounds. Scalemic samples of both the alcohol and the ester were found to exhibit the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) phenomenon by preparative TLC, the first report of SDE by preparative TLC.
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The self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of amino acids and their derivatives. Amino Acids 2019; 51:865-889. [PMID: 30903285 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the phenomenon of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of amino acids and their derivatives in all its guises from phase transformations (recrystallization, sublimation, and distillation), to the application of force fields, through to chromatography including HPLC, MPLC, gravity-driven column chromatography, and SEC. The relevance of the SDE phenomenon to amino acid research and to marketed pharmaceuticals is clear given the potential for alteration of the enantiomeric excess of a portion of a scalemic sample. In addition, the possible contribution of the SDE phenomenon to the genesis of prebiotic homochirality is considered.
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Han J, Wzorek A, Soloshonok VA, Klika KD. The self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE): The effect of scaling down, potential problems versus prospective applications, possible new occurrences, and unrealized opportunities? Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1869-1880. [PMID: 30653701 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This commentary discusses an important, though not widely appreciated, chiral phenomenon of molecular chirality that effectively always occurs whenever nonracemic samples are subjected to practically any physicochemical process (e.g., force field, recrystallization, sublimation, even distillation, etc.) under totally achiral conditions external to the sample itself. The phenomenon is termed as the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) and though ubiquitous, its presence may not always be readily apparent, or workers may be otherwise oblivious to its effects. In the particular case of chromatography, when the SDE is apparent, the enantiomeric excess (ee) of the chiral compound is observed to vary across an eluted peak, with anterior eluted portions either enantioenriched or enantiodepleted relative to the ee of the starting material, and conversely for the posterior eluted portions. Herein, we highlight various aspects of the SDE phenomenon as it pertains to chromatography and, in particular, the effect of scaling down chromatographic systems, the potential risk of problems that the SDE can cause, as well as opportunities for practical applications of the phenomenon, possible new occurrences of the SDE phenomenon to be searched for, and unrealized opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland.,Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Abás S, Arróniz C, Molins E, Escolano C. Access to the enantiopure pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dilactam nucleus via self-disproportionation of enantiomers. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Han J, Kitagawa O, Wzorek A, Klika KD, Soloshonok VA. The self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE): a menace or an opportunity? Chem Sci 2018; 9:1718-1739. [PMID: 29675218 PMCID: PMC5892310 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05138g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report on the well-documented, yet not widely known, phenomenon of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE): the spontaneous fractionation of scalemic material into enantioenriched and -depleted fractions when any physicochemical process is applied.
Herein we report on the well-documented, yet not widely known, phenomenon of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE): the spontaneous fractionation of scalemic material into enantioenriched and -depleted fractions when any physicochemical process is applied. The SDE has implications ranging from the origins of prebiotic homochirality to unconventional enantiopurification methods, though the risks of altering the enantiomeric excess (ee) unintentionally, regrettably, remain greatly unappreciated. While recrystallization is well known as an SDE process, occurrences of the SDE in other processes are much less recognized, e.g. sublimation and even distillation. But the most common process that many workers seem to be completely ignorant of is SDE via chromatography and reports have included all manner of structures, all types of interactions, and all forms of chromatography, including GC. The SDE can be either a blessing – as a means to obtain enantiopure samples from scalemates – or a curse, as unwitting alteration of the ee leads to errors in the reporting of results and/or misinterpretation of the system under study. Thus the ramifications of the SDE are relevant to any area involving chirality – natural products, asymmetric synthesis, etc. Moreover, there is grave concern regarding errors in the literature, in addition to the possible occurrence of valid results which may have been overlooked and thus remain unreported, as well as the potential for the SDE to alter the ee, particularly via chromatography, and the following concepts will be conveyed: (1) the SDE occurs under totally achiral conditions of (a) precipitation, (b) centrifugation, (c) evaporation, (d) distillation, (e) crystallization, (f) sublimation, and (g) achiral chromatography (e.g. column, flash, MPLC, HPLC, SEC, GC, etc.). (2) The SDE cannot be controlled simply by experimental accuracy and ignorance of the SDE unavoidably leads to mistakes in the recorded and reported stereochemical outcome of enantioselective transformations. (3) The magnitude of the SDE (the difference between the extremes of enantioenrichment and -depletion) can be controlled and used to: (a) minimize mistakes in the recorded experimental values and (b) to develop unconventional and preparatively superior methods for enantiopurification. (4) The magnitude of the SDE cannot be predicted but can be expected for compounds possessing SDE-phoric groups or which have a general tendency for strong hydrogen or halogen bonds or dipole–dipole or aromatic π–π interactions. (5) An SDE test and the rigorous reporting and description of applied physicochemical processes should become part of standard experimental practice to prevent the erroneous reporting of the stereochemical outcome of enantioselective catalytic reactions and the chirooptical properties of scalemates. New directions in the study of the SDE, including halogen bonding-based interactions and novel, unconventional enantiopurification methods such as pseudo-SDE (chiral selector-assisted SDE resolution of racemates), are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials , Nanjing University , 210093 Nanjing , China .
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Shibaura Institute of Technology , 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku , Tokyo 135-8548 , Japan
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry , Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce , Świętokrzyska 15G , 25-406 Kielce , Poland.,Department of Organic Chemistry I , Faculty of Chemistry , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3 , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain .
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 , D-69009 Heidelberg , Germany .
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I , Faculty of Chemistry , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3 , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain . .,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza, Bizkaia , 48011 Bilbao , Spain
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Han J, Soloshonok VA, Klika KD, Drabowicz J, Wzorek A. Chiral sulfoxides: advances in asymmetric synthesis and problems with the accurate determination of the stereochemical outcome. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 47:1307-1350. [PMID: 29271432 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00703a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chiral sulfoxides are in extremely high demand in nearly every sector of the chemical industry concerned with the design and development of new synthetic reagents, drugs, and functional materials. The primary objective of this review is to update readers on the latest developments from the past five years (2011-2016) in the preparation of optically active sulfoxides. Methodologies covered include catalytic asymmetric sulfoxidation using either chemical, enzymatic, or hybrid biocatalytic means; kinetic resolution involving oxidation to sulfones, reduction to sulfides, modification of side chains, and imidation to sulfoximines; as well as various other methods including nucleophilic displacement at the sulfur atom for the desymmetrization of achiral sulfoxides, enantioselective recognition and separation based on either metal-organic frameworks (MOF's) or host-guest chemistry, and the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction. A second goal of this work concerns a critical discussion of the problem of the accurate determination of the stereochemical outcome of a reaction due to the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) phenomenon, particularly as it relates to chiral sulfoxides. The SDE is a little-appreciated phenomenon that can readily and spontaneously occur for scalemic samples when subjected to practically any physicochemical process. It has now been unequivocally demonstrated that ignorance in the SDE phenomenon inevitably leads to erroneous interpretation of the stereochemical outcome of catalytic enantioselective reactions, in particular, for the synthesis of chiral sulfoxides. It is hoped that this two-pronged approach to covering the chemistry of chiral sulfoxides will be appealing, engaging, and motivating for current research-active authors to respond to in their future publications in this exciting area of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China.
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain. and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69009 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Józef Drabowicz
- Department of Heterooganic Chemistry, Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland and Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain. and Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Swiętokrzyska 15G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
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A question of policy: should tests for the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) be mandatory for reports involving scalemates? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Terada S, Hirai M, Honzawa A, Kitagawa O, Kamizela A, Wzorek A, Soloshonok VA. Possible Case of Halogen Bond-Driven Self-Disproportionation of Enantiomers (SDE) via Achiral Chromatography. Chemistry 2017; 23:14631-14638. [PMID: 28783208 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The major breakthrough reported in this work is the discovery of likely halogen bond-driven self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE). Taking into account that the halogen-bonding interactions can be rationally designed and can match, or even exceed, the strength of the more familiar hydrogen bond, this discovery clearly opens an unexpected new direction of research in the areas of molecular chirality and the SDE phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Terada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Motohiro Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Ayaka Honzawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Angelika Kamizela
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland.,Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.,JKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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Zhang L, Zhang W, Sha W, Mei H, Han J, Soloshonok VA. Detrifluoroacetylative generation and chemistry of fluorine containing tertiary enolates. J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Wzorek A, Kamizela A, Sato A, Soloshonok VA. Self-Disproportionation of Enantiomers (SDE) via achiral gravity-driven column chromatography of N -fluoroacyl-1-phenylethylamines. J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wzorek A, Sato A, Drabowicz J, Soloshonok VA. Self-disproportionation of Enantiomers (SDE) of Chiral Nonracemic Amides via Achiral Chromatography. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry; Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce; Świętokrzyska 15G 25-406 Kielce Poland
- Department of Organic Chemistry I; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
| | - Azusa Sato
- Department of Organic Chemistry I; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Women's Medical University; 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku 162-8666 Tokyo Japan
| | - Józef Drabowicz
- Department of Heteroorganic Chemistry; Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies; Polish Academy of Sciences; Sienkiewicza112 90-363 Łódź Poland
- Institute of Chemistry; Environmental Protection and Biotechnology; Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa; Armii Krajowej 13/15 42-201 Częstochowa Poland
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
- IKERBASQUE; Basque Foundation for Science; Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia 48011 Bilbao Spain
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Wzorek A, Sato A, Drabowicz J, Soloshonok VA. Self-disproportionation of enantiomers via achiral gravity-driven column chromatography: A case study of N-acyl-α-phenylethylamines. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:270-278. [PMID: 27240946 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a study of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) via gravity-driven achiral column chromatography of a series of amides derived from 1-phenylethylamine. We demonstrated that structural and electronic factors of the substituents play an important role in the observed magnitude of the SDE. For the first time, the SDE phenomenon of amides with that of thioamides was compared. We demonstrate that, in sharp contrast to amides, the substitution of the sulphur atom for the oxygen in the acyl group, strongly reduced the observed magnitude of the SDE. These results clearly indicate the importance of the hydrogen bonding for the formation of homo/hetero-chiral association responsible for manifestation of the SDE phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Azusa Sato
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8666 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Józef Drabowicz
- Department of Heteroorganic Chemistry, Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland; Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain.
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Zhou Y, Wang J, Gu Z, Wang S, Zhu W, Aceña JL, Soloshonok VA, Izawa K, Liu H. Next Generation of Fluorine-Containing Pharmaceuticals, Compounds Currently in Phase II-III Clinical Trials of Major Pharmaceutical Companies: New Structural Trends and Therapeutic Areas. Chem Rev 2016; 116:422-518. [PMID: 26756377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1764] [Impact Index Per Article: 220.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhanni Gu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - José Luis Aceña
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Autónoma University of Madrid , Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Kunisuke Izawa
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan 533-0024
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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18
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Wzorek A, Sato A, Drabowicz J, Soloshonok VA, Klika KD. Remarkable magnitude of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) via achiral chromatography: application to the practical-scale enantiopurification of β-amino acid esters. Amino Acids 2015; 48:605-13. [PMID: 26704565 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the best performance yet for the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) via achiral chromatography as typically used in laboratories for the isolated yield of the excess enantiomer using N-acetyl β-amino acid ethyl esters. The results are the most convincing ever demonstration of the capability of the SDE for practical-scale enantiopurification as comparable, or even superior for some systems, to that of recrystallization. For example, from a sample of 94.4 % ee, a yield of 71 % of enantiopure material was isolated in a single chromatographic run. Moreover, the lack of an esoteric structural entity, e.g. strongly polarizing groups, such as, for instance CF3, highlights the fact that the phenomenon is not dependent on the presence of such and thus the process is relevant to any usual-type structure. In contrast to recrystallization, the procedure is predictable, general, and dependable, boding well for its widespread application in routine laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland. .,Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Azusa Sato
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.,Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Józef Drabowicz
- Department of Heteroorganic Chemistry, Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland.,Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-201, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain. .,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69009, Heidelberg, Germany.
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19
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Wzorek A, Klika KD, Drabowicz J, Sato A, Aceña JL, Soloshonok VA. The self-disproportionation of the enantiomers (SDE) of methyl n-pentyl sulfoxide via achiral, gravity-driven column chromatography: a case study. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:4738-46. [PMID: 24873904 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00831f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work explores the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of chiral sulfoxides via achiral, gravity-driven column chromatography using methyl n-pentyl sulfoxide as a case study. A major finding of this work is the remarkable persistence and high magnitude of the SDE for the analyte. Thus, it is the first case where SDE is observed even in the presence of MeOH in the mobile phase. The study demonstrated the practical preparation, in line with theory, of enantiomerically pure (>99.9% ee) samples of methyl n-pentyl sulfoxide starting from a sample of only modest ee (<35%). Remarkably, it was found that the order of elution was inverted, i.e. enantiomerically depleted fractions preceded later eluting enantiomerically enriched ones, when the stationary phase was changed from silica gel to aluminum oxide. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first occurrence of inverted SDE behavior due solely to a change in the stationary phase. Aberrant SDE behavior was observed in that the ee did not always fall continuously during the progression of the chromatography, and this was attributed to the complexity of the system at hand which cannot be described in simple terms such as the formation only of homo- and heterochiral dimers based on a single interaction. The results nevertheless suggest that all compounds with a chiral sulfoxide moiety in their structure are likely to exhibit the SDE phenomenon and thus this work constitutes the first example of SDE predictability. Moreover, it could well be that optical purification based on the SDE phenomenon is a simple, convenient, and inexpensive method for the optical purification of this class of compounds with a high degree of proficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Swiętokrzyska 15G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
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20
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Wzorek A, Sato A, Drabowicz J, Soloshonok VA, Klika KD. Enantiomeric Enrichmentsviathe Self-Disproportionation of Enantiomers (SDE) by Achiral, Gravity-Driven Column Chromatography: a Case Study UsingN-(1-Phenylethyl)acetamide for Optimizing the Enantiomerically Pure Yield and Magnitude of the SDE. Helv Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201500041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Maeno M, Tokunaga E, Yamamoto T, Suzuki T, Ogino Y, Ito E, Shiro M, Asahi T, Shibata N. Self-disproportionation of enantiomers of thalidomide and its fluorinated analogue via gravity-driven achiral chromatography: mechanistic rationale and implications. Chem Sci 2015; 6:1043-1048. [PMID: 29560192 PMCID: PMC5811091 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of non-racemic thalidomide (1) and 3'-fluorothalidomide (2) under the conditions of gravity-driven achiral silica-gel chromatography. The presence of a fluorine atom on the chiral center dramatically alters the structure and polarity of 1 and 2, resulting in the opposite SDE profile on silica-gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayaka Maeno
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Frontier Materials , Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa-ku , Nagoya 466-8555 , Japan .
| | - Etsuko Tokunaga
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Frontier Materials , Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa-ku , Nagoya 466-8555 , Japan .
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Frontier Materials , Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa-ku , Nagoya 466-8555 , Japan .
| | - Toshiya Suzuki
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience , Waseda University (TWIns) , Wakamatsu-cho 2-2, Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo 162-8480 , Japan .
| | - Yoshiyuki Ogino
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience , Waseda University (TWIns) , Wakamatsu-cho 2-2, Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo 162-8480 , Japan .
| | - Emi Ito
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Frontier Materials , Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa-ku , Nagoya 466-8555 , Japan .
| | - Motoo Shiro
- Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care , Waseda University (ASMeW) , Waseda-tsurumaki-cho 513, Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo 162-0041 , Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience , Waseda University (TWIns) , Wakamatsu-cho 2-2, Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo 162-8480 , Japan .
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Frontier Materials , Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa-ku , Nagoya 466-8555 , Japan .
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22
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Suzuki Y, Han J, Kitagawa O, Aceña JL, Klika KD, Soloshonok VA. A comprehensive examination of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of chiral amides via achiral, laboratory-routine, gravity-driven column chromatography. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13928c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavior of a series of chiral amides during column chromatography using an achiral stationary phase revealed that a self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) was always observed regardless of amide structure or chromatographic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Shibaura Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 135-8548
- Japan
| | - Jianlin Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- 210093 Nanjing
- China
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Shibaura Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 135-8548
- Japan
| | - José Luis Aceña
- Department of Organic Chemistry I
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- 20018 San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - Karel D. Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- D-69009 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- 20018 San Sebastián
- Spain
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23
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24
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Xu XH, Matsuzaki K, Shibata N. Synthetic methods for compounds having CF3-S units on carbon by trifluoromethylation, trifluoromethylthiolation, triflylation, and related reactions. Chem Rev 2014; 115:731-64. [PMID: 25121343 DOI: 10.1021/cr500193b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 836] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hua Xu
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Science and Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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25
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Sorochinsky AE, Katagiri T, Ono T, Wzorek A, Aceña JL, Soloshonok VA. Optical purifications via self-disproportionation of enantiomers by achiral chromatography: case study of a series of α-CF3-containing secondary alcohols. Chirality 2013; 25:365-8. [PMID: 23716267 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates that self-disproportionation of enantiomers via achiral chromatography can be recommended as inexpensive and general method for optical purification of enantiomerically enriched compounds. In particular, the advantage of this approach over conventional recrystallization is that it can be used for both crystalline as well as liquid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Sorochinsky
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
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26
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Wang J, Sánchez-Roselló M, Aceña JL, del Pozo C, Sorochinsky AE, Fustero S, Soloshonok VA, Liu H. Fluorine in Pharmaceutical Industry: Fluorine-Containing Drugs Introduced to the Market in the Last Decade (2001–2011). Chem Rev 2013; 114:2432-506. [DOI: 10.1021/cr4002879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3202] [Impact Index Per Article: 291.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Laboratorio
de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Aceña
- Department
of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Carlos del Pozo
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alexander E. Sorochinsky
- Department
of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo, 36-5 Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Institute
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 1, 02660 Kyiv-94, Ukraine
| | - Santos Fustero
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Laboratorio
de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department
of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo, 36-5 Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Hong Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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27
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Tarasevych AV, Sorochinsky AE, Kukhar VP, Guillemin JC. Deracemization of amino acids by partial sublimation and via homochiral self-organization. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2013; 43:129-35. [PMID: 23690241 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-013-9333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Deracemization of a 50/50 mixture of enantiomers of aliphatic amino acids (Ala, Leu, Pro, Val) can be achieved by a simple sublimation of a pre-solubilized solid mixture of the racemates with a huge amount of a less-volatile optically active amino acid (Asn, Asp, Glu, Ser, Thr). The choice of chirality correlates with the handedness of the enantiopure amino acids--Asn, Asp, Glu, Ser, and Thr. The deracemization, enantioenrichment and enantiodepletion observed in these experiments clearly demonstrate the preferential homochiral interactions and a tendency of natural amino acids to homochiral self-organization. These data may contribute toward an ultimate understanding of the pathways by which prebiological homochirality might have emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadii V Tarasevych
- École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes cedex 7, France
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28
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Self-disproportionation of Enantiomers of Enantiomerically Enriched Compounds. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 341:301-39. [PMID: 23605252 DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This review describes self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of non-racemic mixtures, subjected to distillation, sublimation, or chromatography on achiral stationary phase using achiral eluent, which leads to the substantial enantiomeric enrichment and corresponding depletion in different fractions, as compared to the enantiomeric composition of the starting material. This phenomenon is of a very general nature as SDE has been reported for different classes of chiral organic compounds bearing various functional groups and possessing diverse elements of chirality. The literature data discussed in this review clearly suggests that SDE is typical for enantiomerically enriched chiral organic compounds and special care should always be taken in evaluation of the stereochemical outcome of enantioselective reactions as well as determination of enantiomeric ratios of non-racemic mixtures of natural products after any purification process. The role of molecular association of enantiomers on the magnitude and preparative efficiency of SDE, as a new, nonconventional method for enantiomerc purifications, is emphasized and discussed.
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29
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Aceña JL, Sorochinsky AE, Katagiri T, Soloshonok VA. Unconventional preparation of racemic crystals of isopropyl 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropanoate and their unusual crystallographic structure: the ultimate preference for homochiral intermolecular interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012. [PMID: 23183684 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37491a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the first example of the transformation of conglomerate (R)- and (S)-crystals into racemic crystals via sublimation. Crystallographic analysis of racemic isopropyl 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropanoate did not reveal the highly expected heterochiral dimer indicating that this compound is capable of forming exclusively homochiral oligomers via infinite multi-centred H-bonding networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Aceña
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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30
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Soloshonok VA, Roussel C, Kitagawa O, Sorochinsky AE. Self-disproportionation of enantiomers via achiral chromatography: a warning and an extra dimension in optical purifications. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:4180-8. [PMID: 22517405 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35006h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review describes the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of chiral, non-racemic compounds, subjected to chromatography on an achiral stationary phase using an achiral eluent, which leads to the substantial enantiomeric enrichment and the corresponding depletion in different fractions, as compared to the enantiomeric composition of the starting material. The physicochemical background of SDE is a dynamic formation of homo- or heterochiral dimeric or oligomeric aggregates of different chromatographic behavior. This phenomenon is of a very general nature as the SDE has been reported for different classes of organic compounds bearing various functional groups and possessing diverse elements of chirality (central, axial and helical chirality). The literature data discussed in this review clearly suggest that SDE via achiral chromatography might be expected for any given chiral enantiomerically enriched compound. This presents two very important issues for organic chemists. First, chromatographic purification of reaction products can lead to erroneous determination of the stereochemical outcome of catalytic asymmetric reactions and second, achiral chromatography can be used as a new, nonconventional method for optical purifications. The latter has tremendous practical potential as the currently available techniques are limited to crystallization or chiral chromatography. However, a further systematic study of SDE is needed to develop understanding of this phenomenon and to design practical chromatographic separation techniques for optical purification of non-racemic mixtures by achiral-phase chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
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31
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Klika KD. Suggested New Terms for Describing Chiral States and the State-Dependent Behavior of Chiral Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ijoc.2012.23031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Grygorenko OO, Radchenko DS, Volochnyuk DM, Tolmachev AA, Komarov IV. Bicyclic Conformationally Restricted Diamines. Chem Rev 2011; 111:5506-68. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100352k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska Street, 64, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street, 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro S. Radchenko
- Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska Street, 64, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street, 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine
| | | | - Andrey A. Tolmachev
- Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska Street, 64, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street, 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine
| | - Igor V. Komarov
- Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska Street, 64, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street, 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine
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33
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Soloshonok VA, Nelson DJ. Alkene selenenylation: A comprehensive analysis of relative reactivities, stereochemistry and asymmetric induction, and their comparisons with sulfenylation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:744-58. [PMID: 21804870 PMCID: PMC3135076 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A broad perspective of various factors influencing alkene selenenylation has been developed by concurrent detailed analysis of key experimental and theoretical data, such as asymmetric induction, stereochemistry, relative reactivities, and comparison with that of alkene sulfenylation. Alkyl group branching α to the double bond was shown to have the greatest effect on alkene reactivity and the stereochemical outcome of corresponding addition reactions. This is in sharp contrast with other additions to alkenes, which depend more on the degree of substitution on C=C or upon substituent electronic effects. Electronic and steric effects influencing asymmetric induction, stereochemistry, regiochemistry, and relative reactivities in the addition of PhSeOTf to alkenes are compared and contrasted with those of PhSCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim A Soloshonok
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Donna J Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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34
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Dimitrova P, Bart HJ. Loading Effects and Adsorption Isotherms for Single and Dual Chiral Systems Applying Ligand Exchange Chromatography. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2010.539192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Tonner R, Soloshonok VA, Schwerdtfeger P. Theoretical investigations into the enantiomeric and racemic forms of α-(trifluoromethyl)lactic acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 13:811-7. [PMID: 20949192 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01155j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There are many different hypotheses on the origin of biomolecular homochirality. One possible scenario concerns the enantiomeric enrichment of a nearly racemic solid via self-disproportionation of enantiomers. In particular, in a recent paper Soloshonok and co-workers showed a first example of optical self-purification of α-(trifluoromethyl)lactic acid by sublimation [V. A. Soloshonok et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 12112]. Here we present detailed theoretical studies of α-(trifluoromethyl)lactic acid in the solid state as well as in the gas-phase dimeric form. The calculations of energy differences between dimers show that in the solid state the enantiomeric pure compound is energetically preferred, while in the gas phase the equilibrium shifts towards the racemic mixture although thermodynamic corrections cannot be neglected, thus providing a detailed microscopic explanation for the enantio-purification process for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Tonner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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