1
|
Ramle AQ, Tiekink ERT. Synthetic strategies and diversification of dibenzo[1,5]diazocines. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2870-2888. [PMID: 36919641 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00192j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Dibenzo[1,5]diazocine scaffolds are present in a wide range of organic building blocks, for example in pharmaceuticals, materials and structural chemistry. However, the development of these structural frameworks has not received significant attention owing to limited synthetic protocols and strategies. Herein, a summary of the attractive synthetic approaches for the construction of dibenzo[1,5]diazocines, epiminodibenzo[1,5]diazocines and epoxydibenzo[1,5]diazocines developed over the past two decades is presented. The spectroscopic, synthetic mechanisms for the formation of the heterocyclic rings and remarkable structural features, including in the solid-state, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qaiyum Ramle
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Edward R T Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ivanov DS, Zaitseva ER, Smirnov AY, Baleeva NS, Baranov MS. Synthesis of 5,11-dialkyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-6,12-epoxydibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines from 2-alkylaminobenzaldehydes. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-022-03097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
3
|
Michalak M, Depa W, Bisek B, Górecki M. Epoxydibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines: From a Hidden Structural Motif to an Efficient Solvent-Free Synthetic Protocol. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEpoxydiazocines belong to the rare class of small V-shaped molecules, closely related to Tröger’s base. Due to their intriguing, unique structure, they could serve as molecular building blocks for supramolecular chemistry. An extensive review on their synthesis is contained in this article. Moreover, our recent findings devoted to efficient and easily scalable synthesis of fluorinated epoxy[1,5][b,f]diazocines through solvent-free base-catalyzed condensation of ortho-aminophenones is provided. The unique V-shaped structure was confirmed by X-ray crystal structure analysis. Furthermore, the rigidity of the epoxydiazocine skeleton allowed for racemate separation and the configuration of enantiomers was established by combining quantum chemical calculations and chiroptical methods.1 Introduction2 Synthetic Efforts Towards Epoxydibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines3 Synthetic Efforts Towards Fluorinated Epoxydibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines4 Conclusion
Collapse
|
4
|
Michalak M, Bisek B, Nowacki M, Górecki M. Base-Catalyzed, Solvent-Free Synthesis of Rigid V-Shaped Epoxydibenzo[ b, f][1,5]diazocines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8955-8969. [PMID: 34161097 PMCID: PMC8279491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A novel method for
the synthesis of epoxydibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines exhibiting a V-shaped molecular
architecture is reported. The unique approach is based on unprecedented
base-catalyzed, solvent-free autocondensation and cross-condensation
of fluorinated o-aminophenones. The structure of
the newly synthesized diazocines was confirmed independently by X-ray
analysis and chiroptical methods. The rigidity of the diazocine scaffold
allowed for the separation of the racemate into single enantiomers
that proved to be thermally stable up to 140 °C. Furthermore,
the inertness of the diazocine scaffold was demonstrated by performing
a series of typical transformations, including transition metal-catalyzed
reactions, proceeding without affecting the bis-hemiaminal subunit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bisek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Nowacki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Górecki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yamada S, Yamazaki T. Regioselective Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl-substituted Condensed Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2018. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Yamada
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Takashi Yamazaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Handlon AL, Schaller LT, Leesnitzer LM, Merrihew RV, Poole C, Ulrich JC, Wilson JW, Cadilla R, Turnbull P. Optimizing Ligand Efficiency of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs). ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:83-8. [PMID: 26819671 PMCID: PMC4716610 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) containing the 1-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl alcohol core have been optimized for androgen receptor (AR) potency and drug-like properties. We have taken advantage of the lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE) parameter as a guide to interpret the effect of structural changes on AR activity. Over the course of optimization efforts the LLE increased over 3 log units leading to a SARM 43 with nanomolar potency, good aqueous kinetic solubility (>700 μM), and high oral bioavailability in rats (83%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L. Handlon
- Metabolic Pathways Cardiovascular
Unit and Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 709
Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, United States
| | - Lee T. Schaller
- Metabolic Pathways Cardiovascular
Unit and Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 709
Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, United States
| | | | - Raymond V. Merrihew
- Metabolic Pathways Cardiovascular
Unit and Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 709
Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, United States
| | - Chuck Poole
- Metabolic Pathways Cardiovascular
Unit and Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 709
Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, United States
| | - John C. Ulrich
- Metabolic Pathways Cardiovascular
Unit and Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 709
Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, United States
| | - Joseph W. Wilson
- Metabolic Pathways Cardiovascular
Unit and Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 709
Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, United States
| | - Rodolfo Cadilla
- Metabolic Pathways Cardiovascular
Unit and Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 709
Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mlostoń G, Wróblewska A, Linden A, Heimgartner H. Studies on the Reaction of Aryl Glyoxals withl-Prolinol: Unexpected Formation of Morpholin-2-one Derivatives and Stereoselective Trifluoromethylation of the Bicyclic System. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Mlostoń
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry; University of Łódź; Tamka 12 91-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Aneta Wróblewska
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry; University of Łódź; Tamka 12 91-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Heinz Heimgartner
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Yamada S, Iwama S, Kinoshita K, Yamazaki T, Kubota T, Yajima T. Facile synthetic protocols for perfluoroalkyl-substituted diazapentaphenes. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
10
|
Liu X, Xu C, Wang M, Liu Q. Trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane: nucleophilic trifluoromethylation and beyond. Chem Rev 2014; 115:683-730. [PMID: 24754488 DOI: 10.1021/cr400473a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 839] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130024, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Proline potassium salt: a superior catalyst to synthesize 4-trifluoromethyl quinoline derivatives via Friedlander annulation. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|