Peculiarities of cyclization of ethyl 2-ethoxymethylene-3-oxo-3-(polyfluoroalkyl)propionates with 3-amino-5-hydroxypyrazole

Identification of novel glucocerebrosidase chaperones by unexpected skeletal rearrangement reaction

Compound 5 was identified from a high-throughput screening campaign as a small molecule pharmacological chaperone of glucocerebrocidase (GCase), a lysosomal hydrolase encoded by the GBA1 gene, variants of which are associated with Gaucher disease and Parkinson's disease. Further investigations revealed that compound 5 was slowly transformed into a regio-isomeric compound (6) in PBS buffer, plausibly via a ring-opening at hemiaminal moiety accompanied by subsequent intramolecular CC bond formation. Utilising this unexpected skeletal rearrangement reaction, a series of compound 6 analogues was synthesized which yielded multiple potent GCase pharmacological chaperones with sub-micromolar EC50 values as exemplified by compound 38 (EC50 = 0.14 μM).

Competitive ways for three-component cyclization of polyfluoroalkyl-3-oxo esters, methyl ketones and amino alcohols

The competitive routes were found for three-component cyclization of polyfluoroalkyl-3-oxo esters, methyl ketones with 3-amino alcohols. It was shown that the reactions with 3-aminopropanol in 1,4-dioxane predominantly lead to hexahydropyrido[2,1-b][1,3]oxazin-6-ones, and in ethanol to 3-hydroxypropylaminocyclohexenones. In contrast, cyclizations with 2-aminoethanol and its analogues, regardless of the reaction conditions, yield hexahydrooxazolo[3,2-a]pyridin-5-ones as the main products. The trans- and cis-diastereomeric structure of heterocycles was established using X-ray and 1H, 19F, 13C NMR spectroscopy, 2D 1H-13C HSQC and HMBC experiments. The mechanism is proposed for competitive transformations of polyfluoroalkyl-3-oxo esters, methyl ketones with 3-amino alcohols.

Polyfluoroalkylated 2-ethoxymethylene- 3-oxo esters: synthesis and chemical properties overview

The review focuses on the synthesis and chemical properties of polyfluoroalkylated 2-ethoxymethylene-3-oxo esters. The scope and peculiarities of their use as organic reagents in reactions with various N-, C-, O-, mono- and dinucleophiles are discussed in detail. The high reactivity of such derivatives is employed in the construction of enaminoketone, arene and heterocycle frameworks. Particular attention is paid to applications of these building blocks as chemicals for fine organic synthesis, bioactive compounds and metal complexes synthesis.

Unsaturated polyfluoroalkyl ketones in the synthesis of nitrogen-bearing heterocycles

This review focuses on the recent achievements and new developments in the synthesis of polyfluorinated aza-heterocycles based on fluorine-bearing enones and ynones published in the last decade.

The reactions of 2-ethoxymethylidene-3-oxo esters and their analogues with 5-aminotetrazole as a way to novel azaheterocycles

The interaction of 2-ethoxymethylidene-3-oxo esters and their analogues with 5-aminotetrazole is an efficient synthetic approach to novel azaheterocycles. 2-Ethoxymethylidene-3-oxo esters bearing alkyl substituents react with 5-aminotetrazole to form ethyl 2-azido-4-alkylpyrimidine-5-carboxylates which are capable of subsequent nucleophilic substitution. The use of diethyl 2-ethoxymethylidenemalonate in this reaction resulted in ethyl 7-hydroxytetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate, while ethyl 2-ethoxymethylidenecyanoacetate yielded 5-[2,6-diamino-3,5-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)pyridinium-1-yl]tetrazol-1-ide through an alternative pathway. Ethyl 2-benzoyl-3-ethoxyprop-2-enoate reacted with 5-aminotetrazole by two reaction routes to form ethyl 2-benzoyl-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-ylamino)prop-2-enoate and ethyl 7-(1-ethoxy-1,3-dioxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-5-phenyl-4,7-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate.