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Balaraman K, Kyriazakos S, Palmer R, Thanzeel FY, Wolf C. Selective Csp 3-F Bond Functionalization with Lithium Iodide. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022; 54:4320-4328. [PMID: 36330045 PMCID: PMC9624501 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1738383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient method for C-F bond functionalization of a broad variety of activated and unactivated aliphatic substrates with inexpensive lithium iodide is presented. Primary, secondary, tertiary, benzylic, propargylic and α-functionalized alkyl fluorides react in chlorinated or aromatic solvents at room temperature or upon heating to the corresponding iodides which are isolated in 91-99% yield. The reaction is selective for aliphatic monofluorides and can be coupled with in situ nucleophilic iodide replacements to install carbon-carbon, carbon-nitrogen and carbon-sulfur bonds with high yields. Alkyl difluorides, trifluorides, even in activated benzylic positions, are inert under the same conditions and aryl fluoride bonds are also tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaluvu Balaraman
- Georgetown University, Chemistry Department, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | - Rachel Palmer
- Georgetown University, Chemistry Department, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - F Yushra Thanzeel
- Georgetown University, Chemistry Department, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Georgetown University, Chemistry Department, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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2
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Nielsen MM, Pedersen CM. Vessel effects in organic chemical reactions; a century-old, overlooked phenomenon. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6181-6196. [PMID: 35733904 PMCID: PMC9159102 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01125e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most intriguing aspects of synthetic chemistry is the interplay of numerous dependent and independent variables en route to achieve a successful, high-yielding chemical transformation. The experienced synthetic chemist will probe many of these variables during reaction development and optimization, which will routinely involve investigation of reaction temperature, solvent, stoichiometry, concentration, time, choice of catalyst, addition sequence or quenching conditions just to name some commonly addressed variables. Remarkably, little attention is typically given to the choice of reaction vessel material as the surface of common laboratory borosilicate glassware is, incorrectly, assumed to be chemically inert. When reviewing the scientific literature, careful consideration of the vessel material is typically only given during the use of well-known glass-etching reagents such as HF, which is typically only handled in HF-resistant, polyfluorinated polymer vessels. However, there are examples of chemical transformations that do not involve such reagents but are still clearly influenced by the choice of reaction vessel material. In the following review, we wish to condense the most significant examples of vessel effects during chemical transformations as well as observations of container-dependent stability of certain molecules. While the primary focus is on synthetic organic chemistry, relevant examples from inorganic chemistry, polymerization reactions, atmospheric chemistry and prebiotic chemistry are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Martin Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen O Denmark
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3
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Abstract
AbstractThe unique properties of fluorine-containing organic compounds make fluorine substitution attractive for the development of pharmaceuticals and various specialty materials, which have inspired the evolution of diverse C-F bond activation techniques. Although many advances have been made in functionalizations of activated C-F bonds utilizing transition metal complexes, there are fewer approaches available for nonactivated C-F bonds due to the difficulty in oxidative addition of transition metals to the inert C-F bonds. In this regard, using Lewis acid to abstract the fluoride and light/radical initiator to generate the radical intermediate have emerged as powerful tools for activating those inert C-F bonds. Meanwhile, these transition-metal-free processes are greener, economical, and for the pharmaceutical industry, without heavy metal residues. This review provides an overview of recent C-F bond activations and functionalizations under transition-metal-free conditions. The key mechanisms involved are demonstrated and discussed in detail. Finally, a brief discussion on the existing limitations of this field and our perspective are presented.
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4
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Qin Z, Zhao M, Zhang K, Goto M, Lee KH, Li J. Selectfluor-Enabled C(sp 3)-H Alkoxylation of 3-Methylfuranocoumarins. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7864-7871. [PMID: 34033489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A facile and metal-free method for the direct C(sp3)-H bond alkoxylation of 3-methylfuranocoumarins with alcohols has been disclosed. Selectfluor enabled the (hetero)benzylic C-H etherification by tuning the reaction temperature and solvent. Various alcohols were compatible in this transformation with suitable yields. The mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction might undergo the double addition process of alcohols, as well as the departure of a fluoride anion and the formation of an oxonium ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxin Qin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Jiefang Road 2519, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Mengfei Zhao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Jiefang Road 2519, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Jiefang Road 2519, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Masuo Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jizhen Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Jiefang Road 2519, Changchun 130023, China
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5
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Vulpetti A, Dalvit C. Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Propensity of Different Fluorine Atom Types: An Analysis of Experimentally and Computationally Derived Parameters. Chemistry 2021; 27:8764-8773. [PMID: 33949737 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The propensity of organic fluorine acting as a weak hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) in intermolecular and intramolecular interactions has been the subject of many experimental and theoretical studies often reaching different conclusions. Over the last few years, new and stronger evidences have emerged for the direct involvement of fluorine in weak hydrogen bond (HB) formation. However, not all the fluorine atom types can act as weak HBA. In this work, the differential HBA propensity of various types of fluorine atoms was analyzed with a particular emphasis for the different types of alkyl fluorides. This was carried out by evaluating ab initio computed parameters, experimental 19 F NMR chemical shifts and small molecule crystallographic structures (extracted from the CSD database). According to this analysis, shielded (with reference to the 19 F NMR chemical shift) alkyl mono-fluorinated motifs display the highest HBA propensity in agreement with solution studies. Although much weaker than other well-characterized HB complexes, the fragile HBs formed by these fluorinated motifs have important implications for the chemical-physical and structural properties of the molecules, chemical reactions, and protein-ligand recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vulpetti
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Houle C, Savoie PR, Davies C, Jardel D, Champagne PA, Bibal B, Paquin J. Thiourea‐Catalyzed C−F Bond Activation: Amination of Benzylic Fluorides. Chemistry 2020; 26:10620-10625. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Houle
- CCVC, PROTEODépartement de chimieUniversité Laval 1045 avenue de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Paul R. Savoie
- CCVC, PROTEODépartement de chimieUniversité Laval 1045 avenue de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Clotilde Davies
- Institut des Sciences MoléculairesUniversité de BordeauxUMR CNRS 5255 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence France
| | - Damien Jardel
- Institut des Sciences MoléculairesUniversité de BordeauxUMR CNRS 5255 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence France
| | - Pier Alexandre Champagne
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceNew Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Brigitte Bibal
- Institut des Sciences MoléculairesUniversité de BordeauxUMR CNRS 5255 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence France
| | - Jean‐François Paquin
- CCVC, PROTEODépartement de chimieUniversité Laval 1045 avenue de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
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7
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Spencer ARA, Grainger R, Panigrahi A, Lepper TJ, Bentkowska K, Larrosa I. Transition metal-free cross-dehydrogenative arylation of unactivated benzylic C–H bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14479-14482. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06212j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cross-dehydrogenative arylation of benzylic C–H bonds with arenes provides straightforward access to synthetically useful 1,1-diarylmethanes, from readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. A. Spencer
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Rachel Grainger
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Adyasha Panigrahi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Thomas J. Lepper
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Katarzyna Bentkowska
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Igor Larrosa
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
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Pryyma A, Bu YJ, Wai Y, Patrick BO, Perrin DM. Synthesis and Activation of Bench-Stable 3a-Fluoropyrroloindolines as Latent Electrophiles for the Synthesis of C-2-Thiol-Substituted Tryptophans and C-3a-Substituted Pyrroloindolines. Org Lett 2019; 21:8234-8238. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alla Pryyma
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2016 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
| | - Yong Jia Bu
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2016 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
| | - Yonnie Wai
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2016 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2016 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
| | - David M. Perrin
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2016 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
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9
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Köster JM, Häussinger D, Tiefenbacher K. Activation of Primary and Secondary Benzylic and Tertiary Alkyl (sp 3 )C-F Bonds Inside a Self-Assembled Molecular Container. Front Chem 2019; 6:639. [PMID: 30662892 PMCID: PMC6328483 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkyl fluorides are generally regarded as chemically inert. However, several literature examples describe the activation of alkyl (sp3)C-F bonds via strong Brønsted or Lewis acids under harsh conditions. We here report that catalytic amounts of the self-assembled resorcinarene capsule are able to activate alkyl (sp3)C-F bonds under mild conditions (40°C, no strong Brønsted or Lewis acid present). Kinetic measurements display a sigmoidal reaction progress after an initial induction period. Control experiments indicate that the presence of the supramolecular capsule is required for an efficient reaction acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper M Köster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Radtke MA, Lambert TH. Silylated cyclopentadienes as competent silicon Lewis acid catalysts. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6406-6410. [PMID: 30310569 PMCID: PMC6115689 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of silicon Lewis acid complexes that incorporate highly electron-deficient cyclopentadienes is reported. Several pentacarboxycyclopentadienyl and monocarboxytetracyanocyclopentadienyl complexes were prepared. A comparison of their reactivities for catalysis of the allylation of an electron-deficient benzaldehyde was established. The use of a monocarboxytetracyano silylium donor was shown to be effective for the allylation or arylation of a variety of electrophiles via an anion abstraction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alex Radtke
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , NY 10027 , USA
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , NY 10027 , USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY 14853 , USA .
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11
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Keddie NS, Champagne PA, Desroches J, Paquin JF, O'Hagan D. Stereochemical outcomes of C-F activation reactions of benzyl fluoride. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:106-113. [PMID: 29441134 PMCID: PMC5789430 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the highly polar C–F bond has been utilised in activation chemistry despite its low reactivity to traditional nucleophiles, when compared to other C–X halogen bonds. Paquin’s group has reported extensive studies on the C–F activation of benzylic fluorides for nucleophilic substitutions and Friedel–Crafts reactions, using a range of hydrogen bond donors such as water, triols or hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as the activators. This study examines the stereointegrity of the C–F activation reaction through the use of an enantiopure isotopomer of benzyl fluoride to identify whether the reaction conditions favour a dissociative (SN1) or associative (SN2) pathway. [2H]-Isotopomer ratios in the reactions were assayed using the Courtieu 2H NMR method in a chiral liquid crystal (poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) matrix and demonstrated that both associative and dissociative pathways operate to varying degrees, according to the nature of the nucleophile and the hydrogen bond donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil S Keddie
- School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Pier Alexandre Champagne
- PROTEO, CCVC, Département de chimie, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Justine Desroches
- PROTEO, CCVC, Département de chimie, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- PROTEO, CCVC, Département de chimie, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - David O'Hagan
- School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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12
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Abstract
A closer look is given to the successful approaches to the C(sp3)–F activation of benzylic, allylic, propargylic and allenylic fluorides.
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13
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Vorberg R, Carreira EM, Müller K. Aqueous Instability of δ-Fluorobutylpiperidines. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:431-437. [PMID: 28139081 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In a series of partially fluorinated N-propyl- and N-butylpiperidine derivatives, three compounds were found to exhibit unexpected instability under mild biophysical assay conditions. These compounds carry a single terminal fluorine in the δ-position of an N-butyl group as a common structural feature. An adjacent fluorine substituent at the γ-position significantly slows down the reactivity. All other compounds, having either no or more than one fluorine substituent at the δ-position are chemically inert under all assay conditions. The reactivity of the labile compounds is traced to an intramolecular ring-closing fluorine substitution reaction by the moderately basic piperidine unit, leading to a spiro-pyrrolidinium salt. The chemical lability of δ-monofluorinated or γ,δ-difluorinated N-butylpiperidine derivatives even under very mild biophysical assay conditions constitutes a caveat to the molecular design of partially fluorinated alkylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Vorberg
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müller
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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Wang L, Wei J, Wu R, Cheng G, Li X, Hu J, Hu Y, Sheng R. The stability and reactivity of tri-, di-, and monofluoromethyl/methoxy/methylthio groups on arenes under acidic and basic conditions. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00674d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stability and reactivity of tri-, di- and monofluoromethyl groups under acidic and basic conditions are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- P. R. China
| | - Ranran Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- P. R. China
| | - Gang Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- P. R. China
| | - Xinjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- P. R. China
| | - Yongzhou Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- P. R. China
| | - Rong Sheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- P. R. China
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15
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Hemelaere R, Champagne PA, Desroches J, Paquin JF. Faster initiation in the Friedel-Crafts reaction of benzyl fluorides using trifluoroacetic acid as activator. J Fluor Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Catalytic enantioselective addition of organoboron reagents to fluoroketones controlled by electrostatic interactions. Nat Chem 2016; 8:768-77. [PMID: 27442282 PMCID: PMC4957664 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Organofluorine compounds are central to modern chemistry, and broadly applicable transformations that generate them efficiently and enantioselectively are in much demand. Here we introduce efficient catalytic methods for the addition of allyl and allenyl organoboron reagents to fluorine-substituted ketones. These reactions are facilitated by readily and inexpensively available catalysts and deliver versatile and otherwise difficult-to-access tertiary homoallylic alcohols in up to 98% yield and >99:1 enantiomeric ratio. Utility is highlighted by a concise enantioselective approach to the synthesis of the antiparasitic drug fluralaner (Bravecto, presently sold as the racemate). Different forms of ammonium-organofluorine interactions play a key role in the control of enantioselectivity. The greater understanding of various non-bonding interactions afforded by these studies should facilitate the future development of transformations that involve fluoroorganic entities.
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Dryzhakov M, Moran J. Autocatalytic Friedel–Crafts Reactions of Tertiary Aliphatic Fluorides Initiated by B(C6F5)3·H2O. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Dryzhakov
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Moran
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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18
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Dalvit C, Vulpetti A. Weak Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds with Fluorine: Detection and Implications for Enzymatic/Chemical Reactions, Chemical Properties, and Ligand/Protein Fluorine NMR Screening. Chemistry 2016; 22:7592-601. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Dalvit
- Faculty of Science University of Neuchâtel 2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland
- Sanofi, LG-CR/SDI/SBB 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine France
| | - Anna Vulpetti
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, CADD 4002 Basel Switzerland
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Zhang Q, Mixdorf JC, Reynders GJ, Nguyen HM. Rhodium-catalyzed benzylic fluorination of trichloroacetimidates. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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