1
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Bertrand X, Pucheault M, Chabaud L, Paquin JF. Synthesis of Tertiary Fluorides through an Acid-Mediated Deoxyfluorination of Tertiary Alcohols. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14527-14539. [PMID: 37769207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The combination of methanesulfonic acid and potassium bifluoride is reported for the deoxyfluorination of tertiary alcohols. Under metal-free conditions that use readily available, cheap, and easy-to-handle reagents, a range of tertiary alcohols could be converted into the corresponding fluorides in excellent yields (average yields of 85% for 23 examples). Mechanistic investigation showed that the reaction proceeds at 0 °C, in part, through an elimination/hydrofluorination pathway, but no residual alkenes are observed. The application of these conditions for the fluorination of ether and ester is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Bertrand
- CCVC, PROTEO, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Mathieu Pucheault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Laurent Chabaud
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- CCVC, PROTEO, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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2
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Iwasaki T, Kambe N. Cross- and Multi-Coupling Reactions Using Monofluoroalkanes. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300033. [PMID: 37070641 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-fluorine bonds are stable and have demonstrated sluggishness against various chemical manipulations. However, selective transformations of C-F bonds can be achieved by developing appropriate conditions as useful synthetic methods in organic chemistry. This review focuses on C-C bond formation at monofluorinated sp3 -hybridized carbons via C-F bond cleavage, including cross-coupling and multi-component coupling reactions. The C-F bond cleavage mechanisms on the sp3 -hybridized carbon centers can be primarily categorized into three types: Lewis acids promoted F atom elimination to generate carbocation intermediates; nucleophilic substitution with metal or carbon nucleophiles supported by the activation of C-F bonds by coordination of Lewis acids; and the cleavage of C-F bonds via a single electron transfer. The characteristic features of alkyl fluorides, in comparison with other (pseudo)halides as promising electrophilic coupling counterparts, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University, 2-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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3
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Ghosh S, Qu ZW, Roy S, Grimme S, Chatterjee I. Photoredox Catalyzed Single C-F Bond Activation of Trifluoromethyl Ketones: A Solvent Controlled Divergent Access of gem-Difluoromethylene Containing Scaffolds. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203428. [PMID: 36445786 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Selective defluorinative functionalization of trifluoromethyl ketones is a long-standing challenge owing to the exhaustive mode of the process. To meet the demands for the installation of the gem-difluoromethylene unit for the construction of the molecular architectures of well-known pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, a distinct pathway is thereby highly desirable. Here, a protocol is introduced that allows the divergent synthesis of gem-difluoromethylene group containing tetrahydrofuran derivatives and linear ketones via single C-F bond activation of trifluoromethyl ketones using visible-light photoredox catalysis in the presence of suitable olefins as trapping partner. The choice of appropriate solvent and catalyst plays a significant role in controlling the divergent behavior of this protocol. Highly reducing photo-excited catalysts are found to be responsible for the generation of α,α-difluoromethyl ketone (DFMK) radicals as the key intermediate via a SET process. This protocol also results in a high diastereoselectivity towards the formation of partially fluorinated cyclic ketal derivatives with simultaneous construction of one C-C and two C-O bonds. State-of-the-art DFT calculations are performed to address the origin of diastereoselectivity as well as the divergence of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
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4
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Motiwala HF, Armaly AM, Cacioppo JG, Coombs TC, Koehn KRK, Norwood VM, Aubé J. HFIP in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12544-12747. [PMID: 35848353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is a polar, strongly hydrogen bond-donating solvent that has found numerous uses in organic synthesis due to its ability to stabilize ionic species, transfer protons, and engage in a range of other intermolecular interactions. The use of this solvent has exponentially increased in the past decade and has become a solvent of choice in some areas, such as C-H functionalization chemistry. In this review, following a brief history of HFIP in organic synthesis and an overview of its physical properties, literature examples of organic reactions using HFIP as a solvent or an additive are presented, emphasizing the effect of solvent of each reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim F Motiwala
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Ahlam M Armaly
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Jackson G Cacioppo
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Thomas C Coombs
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403 United States
| | - Kimberly R K Koehn
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Verrill M Norwood
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
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5
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Nielsen MM, Pedersen CM. Vessel effects in organic chemical reactions; a century-old, overlooked phenomenon. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6181-6196. [PMID: 35733904 PMCID: PMC9159102 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01125e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most intriguing aspects of synthetic chemistry is the interplay of numerous dependent and independent variables en route to achieve a successful, high-yielding chemical transformation. The experienced synthetic chemist will probe many of these variables during reaction development and optimization, which will routinely involve investigation of reaction temperature, solvent, stoichiometry, concentration, time, choice of catalyst, addition sequence or quenching conditions just to name some commonly addressed variables. Remarkably, little attention is typically given to the choice of reaction vessel material as the surface of common laboratory borosilicate glassware is, incorrectly, assumed to be chemically inert. When reviewing the scientific literature, careful consideration of the vessel material is typically only given during the use of well-known glass-etching reagents such as HF, which is typically only handled in HF-resistant, polyfluorinated polymer vessels. However, there are examples of chemical transformations that do not involve such reagents but are still clearly influenced by the choice of reaction vessel material. In the following review, we wish to condense the most significant examples of vessel effects during chemical transformations as well as observations of container-dependent stability of certain molecules. While the primary focus is on synthetic organic chemistry, relevant examples from inorganic chemistry, polymerization reactions, atmospheric chemistry and prebiotic chemistry are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Martin Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen O Denmark
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6
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Copper catalyzed hydrodefluorination of propargylic gem-difluorides with “triple bonds migration”. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Golden DL, Suh SE, Stahl SS. Radical C(sp3)–H functionalization and cross-coupling reactions. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:405-427. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Ghosh S, Qu Z, Pradhan S, Ghosh A, Grimme S, Chatterjee I. HFIP‐Assisted Single C−F Bond Activation of Trifluoromethyl Ketones using Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Nangal Road Rupnagar Punjab 140001 India
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Suman Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Nangal Road Rupnagar Punjab 140001 India
| | - Avisek Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Nangal Road Rupnagar Punjab 140001 India
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Nangal Road Rupnagar Punjab 140001 India
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9
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Ghosh S, Qu ZW, Pradhan S, Ghosh A, Grimme S, Chatterjee I. HFIP-Assisted Single C-F Bond Activation of Trifluoromethyl Ketones using Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115272. [PMID: 34821454 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A visible light photoredox catalytic method for the selective cleavage of single strong C-F bond in trifluoromethyl ketones is reported. Single electron reduction of trifluoromethyl ketones generates difluoromethyl radicals which can be engaged in intermolecular C-C bond formation with N-methyl-N-arylmethacrylamides to furnish fluorine-containing oxindole derivatives in good yields. The reaction shows excellent chemoselectivity with good functional group tolerance under mild conditions. 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as a solvent plays a critical role for the selective single C-F bond cleavage. High-level DFT calculations are depicted to shed light on the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Suman Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Avisek Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
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10
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Willcox DR, Nichol GS, Thomas SP. Borane-Catalyzed C(sp3)–F Bond Arylation and Esterification Enabled by Transborylation. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic R. Willcox
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Stephen P. Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K
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11
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V. Singh F, B. Kole P. Recent Development on the Ring Transformation Reactions: Synthesis of Functionalized Benzenes, N-Heterocycles and Fused Ring Systems. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-20-sr(k)8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Jiang X, Wang G, Zheng Z, Yu X, Hong Y, Xia H, Yu C. Autocatalytic Synthesis of Thioesters via Thiocarbonylation of gem-Difluoroalkenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:9762-9766. [PMID: 33285069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a new method for the synthesis of acyethanethioates via thiocarbonylation of gem-difluoroalkenes with thiols. This reaction provides a new pathway to prepare thioesters under mild conditions without the use of any additives. Mechanistic studies revealed that in situ generated HF facilitated the C-F bond cleavage in an autocatalytic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Guan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zicong Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Ye Hong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Haoqi Xia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
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13
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Houle C, Savoie PR, Davies C, Jardel D, Champagne PA, Bibal B, Paquin J. Thiourea‐Catalyzed C−F Bond Activation: Amination of Benzylic Fluorides. Chemistry 2020; 26:10620-10625. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Houle
- CCVC, PROTEODépartement de chimieUniversité Laval 1045 avenue de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Paul R. Savoie
- CCVC, PROTEODépartement de chimieUniversité Laval 1045 avenue de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Clotilde Davies
- Institut des Sciences MoléculairesUniversité de BordeauxUMR CNRS 5255 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence France
| | - Damien Jardel
- Institut des Sciences MoléculairesUniversité de BordeauxUMR CNRS 5255 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence France
| | - Pier Alexandre Champagne
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceNew Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Brigitte Bibal
- Institut des Sciences MoléculairesUniversité de BordeauxUMR CNRS 5255 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence France
| | - Jean‐François Paquin
- CCVC, PROTEODépartement de chimieUniversité Laval 1045 avenue de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
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14
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Pozhydaiev V, Power M, Gandon V, Moran J, Lebœuf D. Exploiting hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) in Lewis and Brønsted acid-catalyzed reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11548-11564. [PMID: 32930690 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05194b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is a solvent with unique properties that has recently gained attention for promoting a wide range of challenging chemical reactions. It was initially believed that HFIP was almost exclusively involved in the stabilization of cationic intermediates, owing to its high polarity and low nucleophilicity. However, in many cases, the mechanism of action of HFIP appears to be more complex. Recent findings reveal that many Lewis and Brønsted acid-catalyzed transformations conducted in HFIP additionally involve cooperation between the catalyst and HFIP hydrogen-bond clusters, akin to Lewis- or Brønsted acid-assisted-Brønsted acid catalysis. This feature article showcases the remarkable versatility of HFIP in Lewis and Brønsted acid-catalyzed reactions, with an emphasis on examples yielding mechanistic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyn Pozhydaiev
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Martin Power
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Joseph Moran
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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15
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Nielsen MM, Qiao Y, Wang Y, Pedersen CM. Vessel Effect in C-F Bond Activation Prompts Revised Mechanism and Reveals an Autocatalytic Glycosylation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Yan Qiao
- Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 South Taiyuan Road 030001 Taiyuan People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 South Taiyuan Road 030001 Taiyuan People's Republic of China
| | - Christian M. Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
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16
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Spencer ARA, Grainger R, Panigrahi A, Lepper TJ, Bentkowska K, Larrosa I. Transition metal-free cross-dehydrogenative arylation of unactivated benzylic C–H bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14479-14482. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06212j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cross-dehydrogenative arylation of benzylic C–H bonds with arenes provides straightforward access to synthetically useful 1,1-diarylmethanes, from readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. A. Spencer
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Rachel Grainger
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Adyasha Panigrahi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Thomas J. Lepper
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Katarzyna Bentkowska
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Igor Larrosa
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
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17
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Pryyma A, Bu YJ, Wai Y, Patrick BO, Perrin DM. Synthesis and Activation of Bench-Stable 3a-Fluoropyrroloindolines as Latent Electrophiles for the Synthesis of C-2-Thiol-Substituted Tryptophans and C-3a-Substituted Pyrroloindolines. Org Lett 2019; 21:8234-8238. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alla Pryyma
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2016 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
| | - Yong Jia Bu
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2016 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
| | - Yonnie Wai
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2016 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2016 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
| | - David M. Perrin
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2016 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
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18
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Guo J, Bamford KL, Stephan DW. 9-Borabicyclo[3.3.l]nonane-induced Friedel-Crafts benzylation of arenes with benzyl fluorides. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5258-5261. [PMID: 31107484 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00912d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Friedel-Crafts benzylation of arenes with benzyl fluorides using 9-borabicyclo[3.3.l]nonane (9-BBN) as a mediator has been developed. This provides a simple and cheap route to the activation of C-F bonds to synthesize 1,1-diarylmethanes in good to excellent yields (up to 98%) under mild conditions. Functional group tolerance and the mechanism are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
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19
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Czarnecka A, Kowalska E, Bodzioch A, Skalik J, Koprowski M, Owsianik K, Bałczewski P. A selective removal of the secondary hydroxy group from ortho-dithioacetal-substituted diarylmethanols. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1229-1237. [PMID: 29977391 PMCID: PMC6009171 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a successful deoxygenation reaction of ortho-1,3-dithianylaryl(aryl)methanols which enables a selective removal of the secondary hydroxy group in presence of the 1,3-dithianyl moiety under reductive conditions. This reaction proceeds well with ZnI2/Na(CN)BH3 in dichloroethane or benzene for both unsubstituted and substituted aryls (by electron-rich groups). This is leading to formyl-protected diarylmethanes with potential application in the synthesis of new pharmaceuticals and optoelectronic materials. This synthetic approach gives an access to a wide variety of functionalized ortho-1,3-dithianylaryl(aryl)methanes in 26–95% yields and is recommended for the substrates containing sulfur atoms, for which transition metal-induced reactions fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czarnecka
- Group of Synthesis of Functional Materials, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Emilia Kowalska
- Group of Synthesis of Functional Materials, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bodzioch
- Group of Synthesis of Functional Materials, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Skalik
- Group of Synthesis of Functional Materials, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marek Koprowski
- Group of Synthesis of Functional Materials, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Owsianik
- Group of Synthesis of Functional Materials, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Bałczewski
- Group of Synthesis of Functional Materials, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland.,Department of Structural and Material Research, Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
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Radtke MA, Lambert TH. Silylated cyclopentadienes as competent silicon Lewis acid catalysts. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6406-6410. [PMID: 30310569 PMCID: PMC6115689 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of silicon Lewis acid complexes that incorporate highly electron-deficient cyclopentadienes is reported. Several pentacarboxycyclopentadienyl and monocarboxytetracyanocyclopentadienyl complexes were prepared. A comparison of their reactivities for catalysis of the allylation of an electron-deficient benzaldehyde was established. The use of a monocarboxytetracyano silylium donor was shown to be effective for the allylation or arylation of a variety of electrophiles via an anion abstraction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alex Radtke
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , NY 10027 , USA
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , NY 10027 , USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY 14853 , USA .
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Keddie NS, Champagne PA, Desroches J, Paquin JF, O'Hagan D. Stereochemical outcomes of C-F activation reactions of benzyl fluoride. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:106-113. [PMID: 29441134 PMCID: PMC5789430 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the highly polar C–F bond has been utilised in activation chemistry despite its low reactivity to traditional nucleophiles, when compared to other C–X halogen bonds. Paquin’s group has reported extensive studies on the C–F activation of benzylic fluorides for nucleophilic substitutions and Friedel–Crafts reactions, using a range of hydrogen bond donors such as water, triols or hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as the activators. This study examines the stereointegrity of the C–F activation reaction through the use of an enantiopure isotopomer of benzyl fluoride to identify whether the reaction conditions favour a dissociative (SN1) or associative (SN2) pathway. [2H]-Isotopomer ratios in the reactions were assayed using the Courtieu 2H NMR method in a chiral liquid crystal (poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) matrix and demonstrated that both associative and dissociative pathways operate to varying degrees, according to the nature of the nucleophile and the hydrogen bond donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil S Keddie
- School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Pier Alexandre Champagne
- PROTEO, CCVC, Département de chimie, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Justine Desroches
- PROTEO, CCVC, Département de chimie, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- PROTEO, CCVC, Département de chimie, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - David O'Hagan
- School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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Abstract
A closer look is given to the successful approaches to the C(sp3)–F activation of benzylic, allylic, propargylic and allenylic fluorides.
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Zhao Z, Kulkarni KG, Murphy GK. Synthesis of Aryldihalomethanes by Denitrogenative Dihalogenation of Benzaldehyde Hydrazones. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; 200 University Ave W Waterloo, ON Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Kaivalya G. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; 200 University Ave W Waterloo, ON Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Graham K. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; 200 University Ave W Waterloo, ON Canada N2L 3G1
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Vorberg R, Carreira EM, Müller K. Aqueous Instability of δ-Fluorobutylpiperidines. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:431-437. [PMID: 28139081 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In a series of partially fluorinated N-propyl- and N-butylpiperidine derivatives, three compounds were found to exhibit unexpected instability under mild biophysical assay conditions. These compounds carry a single terminal fluorine in the δ-position of an N-butyl group as a common structural feature. An adjacent fluorine substituent at the γ-position significantly slows down the reactivity. All other compounds, having either no or more than one fluorine substituent at the δ-position are chemically inert under all assay conditions. The reactivity of the labile compounds is traced to an intramolecular ring-closing fluorine substitution reaction by the moderately basic piperidine unit, leading to a spiro-pyrrolidinium salt. The chemical lability of δ-monofluorinated or γ,δ-difluorinated N-butylpiperidine derivatives even under very mild biophysical assay conditions constitutes a caveat to the molecular design of partially fluorinated alkylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Vorberg
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müller
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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25
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Catalytic Friedel-Crafts Reactions of Highly Electronically Deactivated Benzylic Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Vuković VD, Richmond E, Wolf E, Moran J. Catalytic Friedel-Crafts Reactions of Highly Electronically Deactivated Benzylic Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3085-3089. [PMID: 28156038 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Highly electronically deactivated benzylic alcohols, including those with a CF3 group adjacent to the OH-bearing carbon, undergo dehydrative Friedel-Crafts reactions upon exposure to catalytic Brønsted acid in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) solvent. Titration and kinetic experiments support the involvement of higher order solvent/acid clusters in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk D Vuković
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Edward Richmond
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eléna Wolf
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Moran
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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