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Wang Y, Yang X, Meng Y, Wen Z, Han R, Hu X, Sun B, Kang F, Li B, Zhou D, Wang C, Wang G. Fluorine Chemistry in Rechargeable Batteries: Challenges, Progress, and Perspectives. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3494-3589. [PMID: 38478597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The renewable energy industry demands rechargeable batteries that can be manufactured at low cost using abundant resources while offering high energy density, good safety, wide operating temperature windows, and long lifespans. Utilizing fluorine chemistry to redesign battery configurations/components is considered a critical strategy to fulfill these requirements due to the natural abundance, robust bond strength, and extraordinary electronegativity of fluorine and the high free energy of fluoride formation, which enables the fluorinated components with cost effectiveness, nonflammability, and intrinsic stability. In particular, fluorinated materials and electrode|electrolyte interphases have been demonstrated to significantly affect reaction reversibility/kinetics, safety, and temperature tolerance of rechargeable batteries. However, the underlining principles governing material design and the mechanistic insights of interphases at the atomic level have been largely overlooked. This review covers a wide range of topics from the exploration of fluorine-containing electrodes, fluorinated electrolyte constituents, and other fluorinated battery components for metal-ion shuttle batteries to constructing fluoride-ion batteries, dual-ion batteries, and other new chemistries. In doing so, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the structure-property interactions, the features of fluorinated interphases, and cutting-edge techniques for elucidating the role of fluorine chemistry in rechargeable batteries. Further, we present current challenges and promising strategies for employing fluorine chemistry, aiming to advance the electrochemical performance, wide temperature operation, and safety attributes of rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yang
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Yuefeng Meng
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zuxin Wen
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ran Han
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xia Hu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Bing Sun
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Baohua Li
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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Sun L, Li Y, Feng W. Metal Fluoride Cathode Materials for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries: Focus on Iron Fluorides. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201152. [PMID: 36564355 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exploring prospective rechargeable batteries with high energy densities is urgently needed on a worldwide scale to address the needs of the large-scale electric vehicle market. Conversion-type metal fluorides (MFs) are attractive cathodes for next-generation rechargeable batteries because of their high theoretical potential and capacities and provide new perspectives for developing novel battery systems that satisfy energy density requirements. However, some critical issues, such as high voltage hysteresis and poor cycling stability must be solved to further enhance MF cathode materials. In this review, the recent advances in mechanisms focused on FeF3 cathodes under lithiation/delithiation processes are discussed in detail. Then, the classifications and advantages of various synthesis methods to prepare MF-based materials are first minutely discussed. Moreover, the performance attenuation mechanisms of MFs and the effort in the development of mitigation strategies are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, prospects for the current obstacles and possible research directions, with the aim to provide some inspiration for the development of MF cathode-based batteries are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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Lemoine K, Hémon-Ribaud A, Leblanc M, Lhoste J, Tarascon JM, Maisonneuve V. Fluorinated Materials as Positive Electrodes for Li- and Na-Ion Batteries. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14405-14439. [PMID: 35969894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine is known to be a key element for various components of batteries since current electrolytes rely on Li-ion salts having fluorinated ions and electrode binders are mainly based on fluorinated polymers. Metal fluorides or mixed anion metal fluorides (mainly oxyfluorides) have also gained a substantial interest as active materials for the electrode redox reactions. In this review, metal fluorides for cathodes are considered; they are listed according to the dimensionality of the metal fluoride subnetwork. The synthesis conditions and the crystal structures are described; the electrochemical properties are briefly indicated, and the nature of the electron transport agent is noted. We stress the crucial importance of the elaboration processes to induce the presence of cation disorders, of anion substitutions (mainly F-/O2- or F-/OH-) or vacancies. Finally, we show that an accurate structural characterization is a key step to enable enhanced material performances to overcome several lasting roadblocks, namely the large irreversible capacity and poor energy efficiency that are frequently encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Lemoine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) - UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, Cedex 9, France
| | - Annie Hémon-Ribaud
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) - UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, Cedex 9, France
| | - Marc Leblanc
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) - UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, Cedex 9, France
| | - Jérôme Lhoste
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) - UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Marie Tarascon
- Collège de France, Chaire de Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie, UMR 8260 CNRS, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Vincent Maisonneuve
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) - UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, Cedex 9, France
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Matsuo Y, Matsukawa Y, Kitakado M, Hasegawa G, Yoshida S, Kubonaka R, Yoshida Y, Kawasaki T, Kobayashi E, Moriyoshi C, Ohno S, Fujita K, Hayashi K, Akamatsu H. Topochemical Synthesis of LiCoF 3 with a High-Temperature LiNbO 3-Type Structure. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11746-11756. [PMID: 35861755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel perovskite fluoride, LixCoF3, which has an exceptionally low tolerance factor (0.81), has been synthesized via low-temperature lithium intercalation into a distorted ReO3-type fluoride CoF3 using organolithium reagents. Interestingly, this reaction is completed within 15 min at room temperature. Synchrotron X-ray diffractometry and optical second harmonic generation at room temperature have revealed that this compound shows a high-temperature LiNbO3-type structure (space group: R3̅c) involving Li-Co antisite defects and A-site splitting along the c direction. A-site splitting is consistent with the prediction based on hybrid Hartree-Fock density functional theory calculations. Co-L2,3 edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy, as well as bond valence sum analysis, has verified the divalent oxidation state of Co ions in the lithiated phase, suggesting that its composition is close to LiCoF3 (x ≈ 1). This compound exhibits a paramagnetic-to-antiferromagnetic transition at 36 K on cooling, accompanied by weak ferromagnetic ordering. The synthetic route based on low-temperature lithiation of metal fluorides host paves the way for obtaining a new LiNbO3-type fluoride family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Matsuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuko Matsukawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitakado
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - George Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Suguru Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryoto Kubonaka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuya Yoshida
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Kawasaki
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kobayashi
- Kyushu Synchrotron Light Research Center, Tosu, Saga 841-0005, Japan
| | - Chikako Moriyoshi
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Saneyuki Ohno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuro Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akamatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Liao J, Han J, Xu J, Du Y, Sun Y, Duan L, Zhou X. Scalable synthesis of Na 2MVF 7 (M = Mn, Fe, and Co) as high-performance cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11497-11500. [PMID: 34651621 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04449d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate an economical polytetrafluoroethylene-assisted fluorination method to synthesize three binary sodium-rich fluorides Na2MVF7 (M = Mn, Fe, and Co). The optimal Na2FeVF7 cathode delivers a high reversible capacity of 146.5 mA h g-1 based on active Fe2+/Fe3+ and V3+/V4+ redox reactions in sodium-ion batteries. A steady cycling performance with a high capacity retention of 95% over 200 cycles is achieved owing to the negligible structural change during Na+ insertion/extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jingchen Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jianzhi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yichen Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yingying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Liping Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiaosi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Evans HA, Wu Y, Seshadri R, Cheetham AK. Perovskite-related ReO 3-type structures. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2020; 5:10.1038/s41578-019-0160-x. [PMID: 38487306 PMCID: PMC10938535 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-019-0160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Materials with the perovskite ABX3 structure play a major role across materials chemistry and physics as a consequence of their ubiquity and wide range of useful properties. ReO3-type structures can be described as ABX3 perovskites in which the A-cation site is unoccupied, giving rise to the general composition BX3, where B is typically a cation and X is a bridging anion. The chemical diversity of such structures is extensive, ranging from simple oxides and fluorides, such as WO3 and AlF3, to complex structures in which the bridging anion is polyatomic, such as in the Prussian blue-related cyanides Fe(CN)3 and CoPt(CN)6. The same ReO3-type structure is found in metal-organic frameworks, for example, ln (im)3(im = imidazolate) and the well-known MOF-5 structure, where the B-site cation is polyatomic. The extended 3D connectivity and openness of this structure type leads to compounds with interesting and often unusual properties. Notable among these properties are negative thermal expansion (for example, ScF3), photocatalysis (for example, CoSn(OH)6), thermoelectricity (for example, CoAs3) and superconductivity in a phase that is controversially described as SH3 with a doubly interpenetrating ReO3 structure. We present an account of this exciting family of materials and discuss future opportunities in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden A. Evans
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Neutron Research Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ram Seshadri
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA
- Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Anthony K. Cheetham
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA
- Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Wu F, Srot V, Chen S, Lorger S, van Aken PA, Maier J, Yu Y. 3D Honeycomb Architecture Enables a High-Rate and Long-Life Iron (III) Fluoride-Lithium Battery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1905146. [PMID: 31513323 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal fluoride-lithium batteries with potentially high energy densities, even higher than lithium-sulfur batteries, are viewed as very promising candidates for next-generation lightweight and low-cost rechargeable batteries. However, so far, metal fluoride cathodes have suffered from poor electronic conductivity, sluggish reaction kinetics and side reactions causing high voltage hysteresis, poor rate capability, and rapid capacity degradation upon cycling. Herein, it is reported that an FeF3 @C composite having a 3D honeycomb architecture synthesized by a simple method may overcome these issues. The FeF3 nanoparticles (10-50 nm) are uniformly embedded in the 3D honeycomb carbon framework where the honeycomb walls and hexagonal-like channels provide sufficient pathways for the fast electron and Li-ion diffusion, respectively. As a result, the as-produced 3D honeycomb FeF3 @C composite cathodes even with high areal FeF3 loadings of 2.2 and 5.3 mg cm-2 offer unprecedented rate capability up to 100 C and remarkable cycle stability within 1000 cycles, displaying capacity retentions of 95%-100% within 200 cycles at various C rates, and ≈85% at 2C within 1000 cycles. The reported results demonstrate that the 3D honeycomb architecture is a powerful composite design for conversion-type metal fluorides to achieve excellent electrochemical performance in metal fluoride-lithium batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Vesna Srot
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Shuangqiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Simon Lorger
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Peter A van Aken
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Joachim Maier
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Yan Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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Liu M, Shi Y, Zhuang Q. Hydrothermal synthesis of K3FeF6 and its electrochemical characterization as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Liu L, Tao K, Dan H, Hai Y, Gong Y. F or V-induced activation of (Co, Ni)2P during electrocatalysis for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01094g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of (Co, Ni)2P–xF and post-(Co, Ni)2P–xF electrocatalysts with different compositions, morphologies and HER performances were synthesized. Among them, post-(Co, Ni)2P–10F exhibits the best HER activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- P. R. China
| | - Keyu Tao
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- P. R. China
| | - Huamei Dan
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Hai
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- P. R. China
| | - Yun Gong
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- P. R. China
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Pietrowski M, Zieliński M, Alwin E, Suchora A, Gawarecka J. Synthesis and characterization of MgF2–CoF2 binary fluorides. Influence of the treatment atmosphere and temperature on the structure and surface properties. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5711-5721. [PMID: 35515919 PMCID: PMC9060773 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09365b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research was carried out on the incorporation of divalent cobalt cations into the crystalline structure of MgF2 to form MgxCo1−xF2 binary fluorides, which had not been investigated before. The above fluorides were obtained by the precipitation from aqueous solution of magnesium and cobalt nitrates with ammonium fluoride. Binary fluorides containing 0.6, 7.5 and 37.7 mol% CoF2 were prepared. The effects of treatment temperature (300, 400 °C) and atmosphere (oxidizing or reducing) on the structure (XRD, TPR-H2, UV-Vis), texture (low-temperature N2 adsorption), surface composition (XPS) and surface acidity (NH3-TPD) of the binary fluorides were determined. It has been found that in MgxCo1−xF2 an isomorphic substitution occurs of Mg2+ cations by Co2+ cations which results in the formation of a rutile-type solid solution. The obtained binary fluorides are characterized by a mesoporous structure and relatively large surface area. It has been found that thermal treatment of the binary fluorides in oxidizing conditions results in the oxidation of CoF2 to Co3O4 even at 300 °C; therefore it is not possible to obtain pure MgxCo1−xF2 binary fluorides in the presence of air. The preparation of the latter requires reducing conditions, namely thermal treatment of dry precipitate at 300 °C in an atmosphere of hydrogen. If the treatment is conducted at a higher temperature (400 °C), CoF2 undergoes a partial reduction to metallic cobalt. An XPS study has shown the presence of hydroxyl groups in the investigated samples. However, these are solely surface groups because their presence was not detected by XRD measurements. The binary fluorides obtained by our method are characterized by a very narrow optical energy gap (5.31–3.50 eV), considerably narrower than that recorded for bulk fluorides. Measurements of temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia have shown that the incorporation of cobalt cations into the crystal structure of MgF2 results in a decrease in the surface acidity of the binary fluorides. Results of the first research on structural and surface properties of binary fluorides MgF2–CoF2 are presented.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Pietrowski
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 61-614 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Michał Zieliński
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 61-614 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Emilia Alwin
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 61-614 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Agata Suchora
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 61-614 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Joanna Gawarecka
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 61-614 Poznan
- Poland
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Li W, Groult H, Borkiewicz OJ, Dambournet D. Decomposition of CoF3 during battery electrode processing. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Mandula TR, Srinivasan R. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies on niobium anodic dissolution in HF. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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