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Zigová M, Michalková R, Mojžiš J. Anticancer Potential of Indole Phytoalexins and Their Analogues. Molecules 2024; 29:2388. [PMID: 38792249 PMCID: PMC11124384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Indole phytoalexins, found in economically significant Cruciferae family plants, are synthesized in response to pathogen attacks or stress, serving as crucial components of plant defense mechanisms against bacterial and fungal infections. Furthermore, recent research indicates that these compounds hold promise for improving human health, particularly in terms of potential anticancer effects that have been observed in various studies. Since our last comprehensive overview in 2016 focusing on the antiproliferative effects of these substances, brassinin and camalexin have been the most extensively studied. This review analyses the multifaceted pharmacological effects of brassinin and camalexin, highlighting their anticancer potential. In this article, we also provide an overview of the antiproliferative activity of new synthetic analogs of indole phytoalexins, which were synthesized and tested at our university with the aim of enhancing efficacy compared to the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radka Michalková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
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Güleç Ö, Türkeş C, Arslan M, Demir Y, Dincer B, Ece A, İrfan Küfrevioğlu Ö, Beydemir Ş. Novel spiroindoline derivatives targeting aldose reductase against diabetic complications: Bioactivity, cytotoxicity, and molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107221. [PMID: 38387398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant developments in therapeutic strategies, Diabetes Mellitus remains an increasing concern, leading to various complications, e.g., cataracts, neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and several cardiovascular diseases. The polyol pathway, which involves Aldose reductase (AR) as a critical enzyme, has been focused on by many researchers as a target for intervention. On the other hand, spiroindoline-based compounds possess remarkable biological properties. This guided us to synthesize novel spiroindoline oxadiazolyl-based acetate derivatives and investigate their biological activities. The synthesized molecules' structures were confirmed herein, using IR, NMR (1H and 13C), and Mass spectroscopy. All compounds were potent inhibitors with KI constants spanning from 0.186 ± 0.020 μM to 0.662 ± 0.042 μM versus AR and appeared as better inhibitors than the clinically used drug, Epalrestat (EPR, KI: 0.841 ± 0.051 μM). Besides its remarkable inhibitory profile compared to EPR, compound 6k (KI: 0.186 ± 0.020 μM) was also determined to have an unusual pharmacokinetic profile. The results showed that 6k had less cytotoxic effect on normal mouse fibroblast (L929) cells (IC50 of 569.58 ± 0.80 μM) and reduced the viability of human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells (IC50 of 110.87 ± 0.42 μM) more than the reference drug Doxorubicin (IC50s of 98.26 ± 0.45 μM and 158.49 ± 2.73 μM, respectively), thus exhibiting more potent anticancer activity. Moreover, molecular dynamic simulations for 200 ns were conducted to predict the docked complex's stability and reveal significant amino acid residues that 6k interacts with throughout the simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özcan Güleç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187 Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24002 Erzincan, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187 Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, 75700 Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Busra Dincer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55020 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdulilah Ece
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, 34010 İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey; Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
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Chahat, Jha KT, Bhatia R, Chawla PA. Alkaloids as Additional Weapons in the Fight against Breast Cancer: A Review. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:5113-5148. [PMID: 37702171 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230911162527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Breast carcinoma is among the most frequent cancerous tumour in females around the globe. The major modalities now employed in the therapeutic management of breast cancer include surgeries, chemotherapy, and specialized medicines. Despite their potential to help individuals' problems, they are also associated with many negative impacts. As a result, natural products are increasingly regarded to be a preferable alternative. Alkaloids are essential biochemical substances that can be used to develop new drugs. Numerous alkaloids that originate from natural plants have been shown in vitro and in vivo to have anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis actions on different kinds of carcinoma. According to the data collected in this study, the utilization of alkaloids as anti-tumor medicines appears to be extremely potent; nevertheless, extensive studies and clinical trials are required before utilizing individual alkaloids. In this overview, we provide a detailed and vital exploration of pre-existing alkaloids possessing anti-tumor activities due to bioactive compounds. This study also includes an overview of synthesized analogues and pharmacological characteristics that will be beneficial to scientists working on alkaloids for medicinal purposes. In a recent survey of the literature, alkaloids are an important component of plantderived antitumor medicines that hold great potential for the future development of cancer therapy and preventive therapies. We have also discussed structural analysis relationship (SAR) studies. Moreover, it covers clinical trial medications and FDA-approved medicines from the last five years that will be useful in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Keshav Taruneshwar Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
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Budovská M, Krochtová K, Michalková R, Mojžiš J. Aminoanalogues of isobrassinin, erucalexin and isocyclobrassinin: Synthesis and evaluation of the antiproliferative and cytotoxic properties. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Synthesis and anticancer activity of new p-tertbutylcalix[4]arenes integrated with trifluoromethyl aniline groups against several cell lines. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Budovská M, Krochtová K, Kuba M, Tischlerová V, Mojžiš J. Synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of novel 5-fluorinated indoles. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nasri S, Bayat M, Mirzaei F. Recent Strategies in the Synthesis of Spiroindole and Spirooxindole Scaffolds. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:25. [PMID: 34002298 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spiroindole and spirooxindole scaffolds are very important spiro-heterocyclic compounds in drug design processes. Significant attention has been directed at obtaining molecules based on spiroindole and spirooxindole derivatives that have bioactivity against cancer cells, microbes, and different types of disease affecting the human body. Due to their inherent three-dimensional nature and ability to project functionalities in all three dimensions, they have become biological targets. Considering reports on spiroindole and spirooxindole-containing scaffolds in the past decades, introducing novel synthetic procedures has been an active research field of organic chemistry for well over a century and will be useful in creating new therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the pharmacological significance of spiroindole and spirooxindole scaffolds and highlights the latest strategies for their synthesis, focusing particularly on the past 2 years with typical examples. The spiroindole and spirooxindoles in this review are divided by the type and ring size of the spirocycle that is fused to indole or oxindole. Summarizing these procedures will be very beneficial for discovering novel therapeutic candidate molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Nasri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bayat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Faezeh Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
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Bora D, Kaushal A, Shankaraiah N. Anticancer potential of spirocompounds in medicinal chemistry: A pentennial expedition. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113263. [PMID: 33601313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Spirocompounds constitute an important class of organic frameworks enveloping numerous pharmacological activities, among them, the promising anticancer potential of spirocompounds have enthused medicinal chemists to explore new spiro derivatives with significantly improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile along with their mechanism of action. The current review intends to provide a sketch of the anticancer activity of various spirocompounds like spirooxindole, spiroisoxazole, spiroindole etc, from the past five years unfolding various aspects of pharmacological activities and their structure-activity relationships (SARs). This literature analysis may provide future direction for the efficient design of novel spiromolecules with enhanced safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Bora
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Anjali Kaushal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India.
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Očenášová L, Budovská M, Očenáš P, Tomášková N, Pilátová MB, Mojžiš J. The first synthesis of natural alkaloid capparine A. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Budovská M, Selešová I, Tischlerová V, Michalková R, Mojžiš J. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 5-bromo derivatives of indole phytoalexins. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Budovská M, Tischlerová V, Mojžiš J, Kozlov O, Gondová T. An alternative approach to the synthesis of anticancer molecule spirobrassinin and its 2′-amino analogues. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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