Recent advance in the synthesis of (1,1-difluoroethyl)arenes

Straightforward Synthesis of Alkyl Fluorides via Visible-Light-Induced Hydromono- and Difluoroalkylations of Alkenes with α-Fluoro Carboxylic Acids

We herein report the first visible-light-induced hydromono- and difluoroalkylations of alkenes with inexpensive and easily accessible α-fluoro carboxylic acids. This metal-free protocol exhibits mild conditions, high efficiency, and excellent functional-group tolerance, providing a straightforward approach to mono- and difluoroalkylated alkanes. Moreover, the fluorine effect on the hydrofluoroalkylation reaction is discussed in detail.

Silver-catalyzed monofluoroalkylation of heteroarenes with α-fluorocarboxylic acids: an insight into the solvent effect

A mild and efficient method for direct C-H monofluoroalkylation of heteroarenes with easily accessible and inexpensive α-fluorocarboxylic acids has been developed. This silver-catalyzed reaction affords mono- and bis-monofluoroalkylated heteroarenes in good yields under mild conditions, and the solvent effect on the monofluoroalkylation reaction is discussed in detail.

Direct Superacid-Promoted Difluoroethylation of Aromatics

Under superacid conditions, aromatic amines are directly and regioselectively 1,1-difluoroethylated. Low temperature in situ NMR studies confirmed the presence of benzylic α-fluoronium and α-chloronium ions as key intermediates in the reaction. This method has a wide substrate scope and can be applied to the late-stage functionalization of natural alkaloids and active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Recent advances in the synthesis of fluorinated compounds via an aryne intermediate

In this review, the usefulness of aryne intermediates for the synthesis of various fluorinated organic compounds during the last decade has been demonstrated.

1,1-Difluoroethyl chloride (CH3CF2Cl), a novel difluoroalkylating reagent for 1,1-difluoroethylation of arylboronic acids

1,1-Difluoroethylated aromatics are of great importance in medicinal chemistry and related fields. 1,1-Difluoroethyl chloride (CH₃CF₂Cl), a cheap and abundant industrial raw material, is viewed as an ideal 1,1-difluoroethylating reagent, but the direct introduction of the difluoroethyl (CF₂CH₃) group onto aromatic rings using CH₃CF₂Cl has not been successfully accomplished. Herein, we disclose a nickel-catalyzed 1,1-difluoroethylation of arylboronic acids with CH₃CF₂Cl for the synthesis of (1,1-difluoroethyl)arenes.

1,1-Difluoroethylated aromatics are of great importance in medicinal chemistry and related fields.

Recent Advances for the Direct Introduction of the CF2Me Moiety

Fluorine-containing molecules are compounds of interest in materials as well as in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Therefore, developments in that research field are tremendous and a special focus was dedicated to the design and the study of emergent fluorinated groups. In particular, the CF2Me residue is attractive as it could be used for example as a bioisostere of the methoxy group. Despite the clear asset that represents this fluorinated moiety and in complement to the traditional approaches used to construct the CF2Me residue from existing functional groups, the quest for direct methodologies for the 1,1-difluoroethylation reaction of molecules has triggered a strong interest from the scientific community. This Mini-review will focus on the recent advances toward the design of reagents and their applications for the direct 1,1-difluoroethylation of various classes of compounds.