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Moskalik MY. Monofluoromethylation of N-Heterocyclic Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17593. [PMID: 38139426 PMCID: PMC10744182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The review focuses on recent advances in the methodologies for the formation or introduction of the CH2F moiety in N-heterocyclic substrates over the past 5 years. The monofluoromethyl group is one of the most versatile fluorinated groups used to modify the properties of molecules in synthetic medical chemistry. The review summarizes two strategies for the monofluoromethylation of N-containing heterocycles: direct monofluoromethylation with simple XCH2F sources (for example, ICH2F) and the assembly of N-heterocyclic structures from CH2F-containing substrates. The review describes the monofluoromethylation of pharmaceutically important three-, five- and six-membered N-heterocycles: pyrrolidines, pyrroles, indoles, imidazoles, triazoles, benzothiazoles, carbazoles, indazoles, pyrazoles, oxazoles, piperidines, morpholines, pyridines, quinolines and pyridazines. Assembling of 6-fluoromethylphenanthridine, 5-fluoromethyl-2-oxazolines, C5-monofluorinated isoxazoline N-oxides, and α-fluoromethyl-α-trifluoromethylaziridines is also shown. Fluoriodo-, fluorchloro- and fluorbromomethane, FCH2SO2Cl, monofluoromethyl(aryl)sulfoniummethylides, monofluoromethyl sulfides, (fluoromethyl)triphenylphosphonium iodide and 2-fluoroacetic acid are the main fluoromethylating reagents in recent works. The replacement of atoms and entire functional groups with a fluorine atom(s) leads to a change and often improvement in activity, chemical or biostability, and pharmacokinetic properties. The monofluoromethyl group is a bioisoster of -CH3, -CH2OH, -CH2NH2, -CH2CH3, -CH2NO2 and -CH2SH moieties. Bioisosteric replacement with the CH2F group is both an interesting task for organic synthesis and a pathway to modify drugs, agrochemicals and useful intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Yu Moskalik
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
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Sperga A, Veliks J. Recent Advances in Monofluorinated Carbenes, Carbenoids, Ylides, and Related Species. Chemistry 2023:e202301851. [PMID: 37902650 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of monofluorinated compounds is of great interest because of the vast applications of organofluorine compounds. Recently, the introduction of monofluorocarbene synthons has emerged as an important strategy for the synthesis of fluorine-containing products. In contrast to direct fluorination, in which C-F bonds are formed, the use of monofluorinated carbenes and related reactive species involves C-C or C-X bond formation while delivering valuable fluorine atoms into the target structure. Owing to increased knowledge on carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formations, monofluorinated carbenes have enormous potential for the synthesis of organofluorine compounds, which, in our opinion, has not yet been fully exploited. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthetic applications of monofluorinated carbenes, carbenoids, ylides, and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturs Sperga
- Latvian Institute of OrganicSynthesis, Aizkrauklesiela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Veliks
- Latvian Institute of OrganicSynthesis, Aizkrauklesiela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
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Ramkumar N, Baumane L, Zacs D, Veliks J. Merging Copper(I) Photoredox Catalysis and Iodine(III) Chemistry for the Oxy-monofluoromethylation of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219027. [PMID: 36692216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A simple process for the oxy-monofluoromethylation of alkenes is described. In combination with visible-light copper(I) photoredox catalysis, an easily accessible iodine(III) reagent containing monofluoroacetoxy ligands serves as a powerful source of a monofluoromethyl (CH2 F) radical, enabling the step economical synthesis of γ-fluoro-acetates from a broad range of olefinic substrates under mild conditions. Applications to late-stage diversification of alkenes derived from complex molecules, amino acids and the synthesis of fluoromethylated heterocycles are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Ramkumar
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Larisa Baumane
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Dzintars Zacs
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, LV-1076, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Veliks
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
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Colella M, Musci P, Andresini M, Spennacchio M, Degennaro L, Luisi R. The synthetic versatility of fluoroiodomethane: recent applications as monofluoromethylation platform. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4669-4680. [PMID: 35587647 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00670g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, fluoroiodomethane (CH2FI) has emerged as an easy-to-handle, non-ozone depleting agent and readily available platform for monofluoromethylation strategies. Recent applications in nucleophilic substitutions, lithiation reactions, transition-metal catalyzed transformations, radical processes, and 18F-radiolabelling chemistry showcase the potential of this reagent for the preparation of organofluorine compounds. In this minireview, we provide an update to the field covering the recent relevant literature on the use of CH2FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colella
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Pantaleo Musci
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Michael Andresini
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Mauro Spennacchio
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Renzo Luisi
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Du Y, Chen S, Huang A, Chen Y, Liu YL, Song G, Tang RY, Xu H, Yao G, Li Z. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Fluoromethylated Arenes via Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Fluoromethylation of Aryl Iodides. Org Lett 2022; 24:1341-1345. [PMID: 35129989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the first versatile and expeditious method for the site-selective C-H fluoromethylation of aryl iodides via Pd/norbornene cooperative catalysis, which could work as a robust toolbox for the diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) of fluoromethylated arenes. This methodology features the use of the low-cost industrial raw material CH2IF as the fluoromethyl source, an excellent functional group tolerance, and a broad ipso termination scope and can be expanded to the late-stage modification of biorelevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Du
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Chen
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ao Huang
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Chen
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaopeng Song
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ri-Yuan Tang
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangkai Yao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaodong Li
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
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Huang W, Ding X, Zi Y. Research Progress of Vinyl/Aryl Phosphonium Salts in Organic Synthesis. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202107065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Liu Q, Lu Y, Sheng H, Zhang C, Su X, Wang Z, Chen X. Visible‐Light‐Induced Selective Photolysis of Phosphonium Iodide Salts for Monofluoromethylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yu Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - He Sheng
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chao‐Shen Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiao‐Di Su
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhi‐Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiang‐Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Liu Q, Lu Y, Sheng H, Zhang CS, Su XD, Wang ZX, Chen XY. Visible-Light-Induced Selective Photolysis of Phosphonium Iodide Salts for Monofluoromethylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25477-25484. [PMID: 34490742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The sigma (σ)-hole effect has emerged as a promising tool to construct novel architectures endowed with new properties. A simple yet effective strategy for the generation of monofluoromethyl radicals is a continuing challenge within the synthetic community. Fluoromethylphosphonium salts are easily available, air- and thermally stable, as well as simple-to-handle. Herein, we report the ability of the σ-hole effect to facilitate the visible-light-triggered photolysis of phosphonium iodide salts, a charge-transfer complex, selectively giving fluoromethyl radicals. The usefulness and versatility of this new protocol are demonstrated through the mono-, di-, and trifluoromethylation of a variety of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - He Sheng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chao-Shen Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Di Su
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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