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Perrault I, Estrada-Cuzcano A, Lopez I, Kohl S, Li S, Testa F, Zekveld-Vroon R, Wang X, Pomares E, Andorf J, Aboussair N, Banfi S, Delphin N, den Hollander AI, Edelson C, Florijn R, Jean-Pierre M, Leowski C, Megarbane A, Villanueva C, Flores B, Munnich A, Ren H, Zobor D, Bergen A, Chen R, Cremers FPM, Gonzalez-Duarte R, Koenekoop RK, Simonelli F, Stone E, Wissinger B, Zhang Q, Kaplan J, Rozet JM. Union makes strength: a worldwide collaborative genetic and clinical study to provide a comprehensive survey of RD3 mutations and delineate the associated phenotype. PLoS One 2013; 8:e51622. [PMID: 23308101 PMCID: PMC3538699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is the earliest and most severe retinal degeneration (RD), and the most common cause of incurable blindness diagnosed in children. It is occasionally the presenting symptom of multisystemic ciliopathies which diagnosis will require a specific care of patients. Nineteen LCA genes are currently identified and three of them account for both non-syndromic and syndromic forms of the disease. RD3 (LCA12) was implicated as a LCA gene based on the identification of homozygous truncating mutations in two LCA families despite the screening of large cohorts of patients. Here we provide a comprehensive survey of RD3 mutations and of their clinical expression through the screening of a cohort of 852 patients originating worldwide affected with LCA or early-onset and severe RD. We identified three RD3 mutations in seven unrelated consanguineous LCA families - i.e., a 2 bp deletion and two nonsense mutations – predicted to cause complete loss of function. Five families originating from the Southern Shores of the Mediterranean segregated a similar mutation (c.112C>T, p.R38*) suggesting that this change may have resulted from an ancient founder effect. Considering the low frequency of RD3 carriers, the recurrence risk for LCA in non-consanguineous unions is negligible for both heterozygote and homozygote RD3 individuals. The LCA12 phenotype in our patients is highly similar to those of patients with mutant photoreceptor-specific guanylate cyclase (GUCY2D/LCA1). This observation is consistent with the report of the role of RD3 in trafficking of GUCYs and gives further support to a common mechanism of photoreceptor degeneration in LCA12 and LCA1, i.e., inability to increase cytoplasmic cGMP concentration in outer segments and thus to recover the dark-state. Similar to LCA1, LCA12 patients have no extraocular symptoms despite complete inactivation of both RD3 alleles, supporting the view that extraocular investigations in LCA infants with RD3 mutations should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Perrault
- Unité de Recherches Génétique et Epigénétique des Maladies Métaboliques, Neurosensorielles et du Développement (INSERM U781)- Université Paris Descartes- Fondation IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | | | - Irma Lopez
- McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Susanne Kohl
- University Eye Hospital, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Francesco Testa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Renate Zekveld-Vroon
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medecine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Esther Pomares
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean Andorf
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medecine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Nisrine Aboussair
- Service de Génétique CHU Mohammed VI, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Caddi Ayyed, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Sandro Banfi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medecine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Nathalie Delphin
- Unité de Recherches Génétique et Epigénétique des Maladies Métaboliques, Neurosensorielles et du Développement (INSERM U781)- Université Paris Descartes- Fondation IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Anneke I. den Hollander
- Department of Human genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ralph Florijn
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Andre Megarbane
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Université Saint Joseph, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Cristina Villanueva
- Servicio de Génética, Asociacion Para Evitar La Ceguera en Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Blanca Flores
- Servicio de Génética, Asociacion Para Evitar La Ceguera en Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Unité de Recherches Génétique et Epigénétique des Maladies Métaboliques, Neurosensorielles et du Développement (INSERM U781)- Université Paris Descartes- Fondation IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Huanan Ren
- McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ditta Zobor
- University Eye Hospital, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arthur Bergen
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medecine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Frans P. M. Cremers
- Department of Human genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roser Gonzalez-Duarte
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert K. Koenekoop
- McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Edwin Stone
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medecine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- University Eye Hospital, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Josseline Kaplan
- Unité de Recherches Génétique et Epigénétique des Maladies Métaboliques, Neurosensorielles et du Développement (INSERM U781)- Université Paris Descartes- Fondation IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Rozet
- Unité de Recherches Génétique et Epigénétique des Maladies Métaboliques, Neurosensorielles et du Développement (INSERM U781)- Université Paris Descartes- Fondation IMAGINE, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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