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Sun Y, Shao L, Liu Y, Zou B, Wang H, Li X, Dai R. Inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores by ohmic heating: Efficiency and changes of spore biological properties. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 421:110784. [PMID: 38897047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus spores pose a significant concern during food processing due to their high resistance to environmental stress. Ohmic heating (OH) is an emerging and alternative heating technology with potential for inactivating such spores. This study evaluated the inactivation effects and the biological property changes of Bacillus cereus spores during OH treatments. OH effectively inactivated spores in milk, orange juice, broth, rice soup, and buffer solution in less time than oil bath heating (OB). A decrease in NaCl content improved spore inactivation at the same temperature. Spores were more sensitive to acid at 80-85 °C with OH treatment. Furthermore, OH at 10 V/cm and 50 Hz could reduce the spore resistance and inhibit an increase in spore hydrophobicity and spore aggregation. Both heating methods resulted in significant dipicolinic acid (DPA) leakage and damage to the cortex and inner membranes of the spores. However, OH at 10 V/cm and 50 Hz had the lowest DPA leakage and inflicted the least damage to the inner membrane. The damage to the spore's inner membrane was considered the primary reason for inactivation by OB and OH treatments. Still, OH at 10 V/cm and 50 Hz might also block the germination or outgrowth of treated spores or cause damage to the spore core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lele Shao
- College of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Yana Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Bo Zou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xingmin Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Ruitong Dai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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2
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Singh SK, Ali MM, Mok JH, Korza G, Setlow P, Sastry SK. Mechanistic insight into roles of α/β-type small acid-soluble proteins, RecA, and inner membrane proteins during bacterial spore inactivation by ohmic heating. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae151. [PMID: 38906847 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM Ohmic heating (OH) (i.e. heating by electric field) more effectively kills bacterial spores than traditional wet heating, yet its mechanism remains poorly understood. This study investigates the accelerated spore inactivation mechanism using genetically modified spores. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the effects of OH and conventional heating (CH) on various genetically modified strains of Bacillus subtilis: isogenic PS533 (wild type_1), PS578 [lacking spores' α/β-type small acid-soluble proteins (SASP)], PS2318 (lacking recA, encoding a DNA repair protein), isogenic PS4461 (wild type_2), and PS4462 (having the 2Duf protein in spores, which increases spore wet heat resistance and decreases spore inner membrane fluidity). Removal of SASP brought the inactivation profiles of OH and CH closer, suggesting the interaction of these proteins with the field. However, the reemergence of a difference between CH and OH killing for SASP-deficient spores at the highest tested field strength suggested there is also interaction of the field with another spore core component. Additionally, RecA-deficient spores yielded results like those with the wild-type spores for CH, while the OH resistance of this mutant increased at the lower tested temperatures, implying that RecA or DNA are a possible additional target for the electric field. Addition of the 2Duf protein markedly increased spore resistance both to CH and OH, although some acceleration of killing was observed with OH at 50 V/cm. CONCLUSIONS In summary, both membrane fluidity and interaction of the spore core proteins with electric field are key factors in enhanced spore killing with electric field-heat combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam K Singh
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Mohamed Medhat Ali
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Jin Hong Mok
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - George Korza
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| | - Peter Setlow
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| | - Sudhir K Sastry
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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3
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Huang J, Zhang M, Fang Z. Perspectives on Novel Technologies of Processing and Monitoring the Safety and Quality of Prepared Food Products. Foods 2023; 12:3052. [PMID: 37628050 PMCID: PMC10453564 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With the changes of lifestyles and rapid growth of prepared food industry, prepared fried rice that meets the consumption patterns of contemporary young people has become popular in China. Although prepared fried rice is convenient and nutritious, it has the following concerns in the supply chain: (1) susceptible to contamination by microorganisms; (2) rich in starch and prone to stall; and (3) vegetables in the ingredients have the issues of water loss and discoloration, and meat substances are vulnerable to oxidation and deterioration. As different ingredients are used in prepared fried rice, their food processing and quality monitoring techniques are also different. This paper reviews the key factors that cause changes in the quality of prepared fried rice, and the advantages and limitations of technologies in the processing and monitoring processes. The processing technologies for prepared fried rice include irradiation, high-voltage electric field, microwave, radio frequency, and ohmic heating, while the quality monitoring technologies include Raman spectral imaging, near-infrared spectral imaging, and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technology. These technologies will serve as the foundation for enhancing the quality and safety of prepared fried rice and are essential to the further development of prepared fried rice in the emerging market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
- Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
- China General Chamber of Commerce Key Laboratory on Fresh Food Processing & Preservation, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
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4
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Shao L, Zou B, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Li X, Dai R. Inactivation effect and action mode of ohmic heating on
Staphylococcus aureus
in phosphate‐buffered saline. J Food Saf 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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5
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Doan NK, Lai DQ, Le TKP. Ohmic Heating: Its Current and Future Application in Juice Processing. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2126855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nhu Khue Doan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dat Quoc Lai
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Thi Kim Phung Le
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
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6
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Wedel C, Atamer Z, Dettling A, Wenning M, Scherer S, Hinrichs J. Towards low-spore milk powders: A review on microbiological challenges of dairy powder production with focus on aerobic mesophilic and thermophilic spores. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Alcántara-Zavala AE, de Dios Figueroa-Cárdenas J. Shelf life, physicochemical and antioxidant properties of red cactus pear pulque processed by ohmic heating and by conventional pasteurization. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2022.100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Shao L, Liu Y, Tian X, Zou B, Zhao Y, Li X, Dai R. Global proteomic responses of sublethally injured Staphylococcus aureus induced by ohmic heating. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Samaranayake CP, Sastry SK. Molecular dynamics evidence for nonthermal effects of electric fields on pectin methylesterase activity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14422-14432. [PMID: 34180917 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05950a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies relevant to the nonthermal effects of electric fields on biological systems are emerging. However, these effects are poorly understood at the molecular level. The present study investigates pectin methylesterase, a cell wall modifying enzyme in plants, exposed to various electric field strengths. Molecular dynamics (MD) of the enzyme were studied with and without (thermal-only) electric field applications. The measurements were interpreted on the basis of equivalent energy input to gain insights into the effect of electric field treatment time at a constant temperature (50 °C). Results reveal that electric fields exert nonthermal effects on both local and global protein structure. In 1 μs simulations, the results show significant (P ≤ 0.05) shrinkage of the catalytic domain and shortening of enzyme-water hydrogen bond lifetime by a 50 V cm-1 electric field. Unwinding of the helical segments, altered intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bond patterns, and increased hydration are also caused by the 50 V cm-1 electric field. This study serves to understand the electric field influence on the functional role of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaminda P Samaranayake
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Sudhir K Sastry
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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10
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Li F, Santillan-Urquiza E, Cronin U, O'Meara E, McCarthy W, Hogan SA, Wilkinson MG, Tobin JT. Assessment of the response of indigenous microflora and inoculated Bacillus licheniformis endospores in reconstituted skim milk to microwave and conventional heating systems by flow cytometry. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9627-9644. [PMID: 34127263 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Heat treatment is one of the most widely used processing technologies in the dairy industry. Its primary purpose is to destroy microorganisms, both pathogenic and spoilage, to ensure the product is safe and has a reasonable shelf life. In this study microwave volumetric heating (MVH) was compared with a conventional tubular heat exchanger (THE), in terms of the effects of each at a range of temperatures (75°C, 85°C, 95°C, 105°C, 115°C, and 125°C) on indigenous microflora viability and the germination of inoculated Bacillus licheniformis endospores in reconstituted skim milk. To assess the heat treatment-related effects on microbial viability, classical agar-based tests were applied to obtain the counts of 4 various microbiological groups including total bacterial, thermophilic bacterial, mesophilic aerobic bacterial endospore, and thermophilic aerobic bacterial endospore counts, and additional novel insights into cell permeability and spore germination profiles post-heat treatment were obtained using real-time flow cytometry (FC) methods. No significant differences in the plate counts of the indigenous microorganisms tested, the plate counts of the inoculated B. licheniformis, or the relative percentage of germinating endospores were observed between MVH- and THE-treated samples, at equal temperatures in the range specified above, indicating that both methods inactivated inoculated endospores to a similar degree (up to 70% as measured by FC and 5 log reduction as measured by plate counting for some treatments of inoculated endospores). Furthermore, increased cell permeability of indigenous microflora was observed by FC after MVH compared with THE treatment of uninoculated skim milk, which was reflected in lower total bacterial count at a treatment temperature of 105°C. This work demonstrates the utility of FC as a rapid method for assessing cell viability and spore inactivation for postthermal processing in dairy products and overall provides evidence that MVH is at least as effective at eliminating native microflora and inoculated B. licheniformis endospores as THE.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
| | - E Santillan-Urquiza
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
| | - U Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - E O'Meara
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - W McCarthy
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
| | - S A Hogan
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
| | - M G Wilkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - J T Tobin
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
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11
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Gratz M, Sevenich R, Hoppe T, Schottroff F, Vlaskovic N, Belkova B, Chytilova L, Filatova M, Stupak M, Hajslova J, Rauh C, Jaeger H. Gentle Sterilization of Carrot-Based Purees by High-Pressure Thermal Sterilization and Ohmic Heating and Influence on Food Processing Contaminants and Quality Attributes. Front Nutr 2021; 8:643837. [PMID: 33829035 PMCID: PMC8020890 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.643837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure-enhanced sterilization (PES) and ohmic heating (OH) are two emerging sterilization techniques, currently lacking implementation in the food industry. However, both technologies offer significant benefits in terms of spore inactivation using reduced thermal intensity in food products, as well as minimized effects on sensory and nutritional profiles. In this study, PES and OH were tested based on possible food safety process windows in comparison to thermal retorting, to optimize the food quality of carrot-based purees. The following parameters related to food quality were tested: texture, carotenoid content, color, and detectable amount of food processing contaminants (FPC) formed. Application of the innovative sterilization techniques resulted in a better retention of color, texture, and carotenoids (for PES) as well as a reduced formation of food processing contaminants. Importantly, a significant reduction in the formation of furan and its derivates was observed, compared to the retorted samples. Hence, both sterilization technologies showed promising results in the mitigation of potential toxic processing contaminants and retention of quality attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Gratz
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Sevenich
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin), Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Agriculture Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB) Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoppe
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Schottroff
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.,Core Facility Food & Bio Processing, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nevena Vlaskovic
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Beverly Belkova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology (VSCHT), Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucie Chytilova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology (VSCHT), Prague, Czechia
| | - Maria Filatova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology (VSCHT), Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Stupak
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology (VSCHT), Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology (VSCHT), Prague, Czechia
| | - Cornelia Rauh
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Henry Jaeger
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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12
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Decarbonisation of food manufacturing by the electrification of heat: A review of developments, technology options and future directions. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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13
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Effect of pasteurization on Aspergillus fumigatus in apple juice: Analysis of the thermal and electric effects. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 338:108993. [PMID: 33310209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fungal spoilage in fruit juices is a currently relevant issue considering that recent reports have found unacceptable fungal levels even after traditional pasteurization processes. Ohmic heating demonstrated to be a good alternative process to conventional pasteurization, as it can promote higher heating rates and additional cell damage in some scenarios (nonthermal effects). However, the application of ohmic processing for fungi inactivation has not been properly investigated. The objective of this study was to analyze the inactivation of Aspergillus fumigatus, a highly distributed fungi species, in apple juice by ohmic and conventional heating at 75, 80, 85, 90 and 94 °C. Predictive primary and secondary models were fitted and the Weibull-Mafart models were the most accurate to describe the experimental behavior considering the statistical indices applied. Statistical differences between both thermal processes were found in the three lower analyzed temperatures (75, 80 and 85 °C), which is possibly related to nonthermal effects. When ohmic heating was applied, processing time was up to 23% shorter. The resulted model was successfully validated in two distinct temperatures (83 and 92 °C) and could be applied to obtain adequate processing times for apple juice pasteurization. This study contributes to deepen the knowledge concerning the use of ohmic heating for fungi inactivation.
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14
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Shin M, Kim S, Kang D. Application of ohmic heating for the inactivation of microbiological hazards in food products. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Soon Kim
- Department of Food Engineering Dankook University Cheonan Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Hyun Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
- Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University Pyeongchang‐gun Gangwon‐do Republic of Korea
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15
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Cho WI, Chung MS. Bacillus spores: a review of their properties and inactivation processing technologies. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1447-1461. [PMID: 33041624 PMCID: PMC7538368 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many factors determine the resistance properties of a Bacillus spore to heat, chemical and physical processing, including thick proteinaceous coats, peptidoglycan cortex and low water content, high levels of dipicolinic acid (DPA), and divalent cations in the spore core. Recently, attention has been focused on non-thermal inactivation methods based on high pressure, ultrasonic, high voltage electric fields and cold plasmas for inactivating Bacillus spores associated with deterioration in quality and safety. The important chemical sporicides are glutaraldehyde, chorine-releasing agents, peroxygens, and ethylene oxide. Some food-grade antimicrobial agents exhibit sporostatic and sporicidal activities, such as protamine, polylysine, sodium lactate, essential oils. Surfactants with hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties have been reported to have inactivation activity against spores. The combined treatment of physical and chemical treatment such as heating, UHP (ultra high pressure), PEF (pulsed electric field), UV (ultraviolet), IPL (intense pulsed light) and natural antimicrobial agents can act synergistically and effectively to kill Bacillus spores in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Il Cho
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong-Soo Chung
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kubo MTK, Siguemoto ÉS, Funcia ES, Augusto PED, Curet S, Boillereaux L, Sastry SK, Gut JAW. Non-thermal effects of microwave and ohmic processing on microbial and enzyme inactivation: a critical review. Curr Opin Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Schottroff F, Biebl D, Gruber M, Burghardt N, Schelling J, Gratz M, Schoenher C, Jaeger H. Inactivation of vegetative microorganisms by ohmic heating in the kilohertz range – Evaluation of experimental setups and non-thermal effects. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Effect of moderate electric field pretreatment in combination with ozonation on inactivation of Escherichia coli K12 in intact shell eggs. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Wang LH, Pyatkovskyy T, Yousef A, Zeng XA, Sastry SK. Mechanism of Bacillus subtilis spore inactivation induced by moderate electric fields. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Microbial inactivation by ohmic heating: Literature review and influence of different process variables. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Wu S, Yang N, Jin Y, Li D, Xu Y, Xu X, Jin Z. Development of an innovative induction heating technique for the treatment of liquid food: Principle, experimental validation and application. J FOOD ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.109780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Reineke K, Mathys A. Endospore Inactivation by Emerging Technologies: A Review of Target Structures and Inactivation Mechanisms. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2020; 11:255-274. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in preservation technologies allow for the delivery of food with nutritional value and superior taste. Of special interest are low-acid, shelf-stable foods in which the complete control or inactivation of bacterial endospores is the crucial step to ensure consumer safety. Relevant preservation methods can be classified into physicochemical or physical hurdles, and the latter can be subclassified into thermal and nonthermal processes. The underlying inactivation mechanisms for each of these physicochemical or physical processes impact different morphological or molecular structures essential for spore germination and integrity in the dormant state. This review provides an overview of distinct endospore defense mechanisms that affect emerging physical hurdles as well as which technologies address these mechanisms. The physical spore-inactivation technologies considered include thermal, dynamic, and isostatic high pressure and electromagnetic technologies, such as pulsed electric fields, UV light, cold atmospheric pressure plasma, and high- or low-energy electron beam.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Mathys
- Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Chen F, Zhang M, Fan K, Mujumdar AS. Non-thermal Technology and Heating Technology for Fresh Food Cooking in the Central Kitchen Processing: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1740246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi China
| | - Kai Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arun S. Mujumdar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue,Quebec, Canada
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24
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Makroo H, Rastogi N, Srivastava B. Ohmic heating assisted inactivation of enzymes and microorganisms in foods: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Tian X, Shao L, Yu Q, Liu Y, Li X, Dai R. Evaluation of structural changes and intracellular substance leakage of
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 induced by ohmic heating. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1430-1441. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Tian
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
| | - L. Shao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
| | - Q. Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
| | - Y. Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
| | - X. Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
| | - R. Dai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
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26
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Schottroff F, Pyatkovskyy T, Reineke K, Setlow P, Sastry SK, Jaeger H. Mechanisms of enhanced bacterial endospore inactivation during sterilization by ohmic heating. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 130:107338. [PMID: 31377394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During ohmic heating, the electric field may additionally inactivate bacterial endospores. However, the exact mechanism of action is unclear. Thus, a mechanistic study was carried out, investigating the possible target of electric fields inside the spore. Bacillus subtilis spores were heated by conventional and ohmic heating in a capillary system under almost identical thermal conditions. Wild-type (PS533) spores were used, as well as isogenic mutants lacking certain components known for their contribution to spores' heat resistance: small-acid soluble proteins (SASP) protecting DNA (PS578); the coat covering the spore (PS3328); and the spore germination enzyme SleB (FB122(+)). Treatment-dependent release of the spore core's depot of dipicolinic acid (DPA) was further evaluated. Up to 2.4 log10 additional inactivation of PS533 could be achieved by ohmic heating, compared to conventional heating. The difference varied for the mutants, with a decreasing difference indicating a decreased effect of the electric field and vice versa. In particular, mutant spores lacking SASPs showed a behavior more similar to thermal inactivation alone. The combination of heat and electric field was shown to be necessary for enhanced spore inactivation. Thus, it is hypothesized that either the heat treatment makes the spore susceptible to the electric field, or vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schottroff
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria; Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Taras Pyatkovskyy
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Peter Setlow
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sudhir K Sastry
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Henry Jaeger
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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27
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Heat resistance of spores of 18 strains of Geobacillus stearothermophilus and impact of culturing conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 291:161-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Tian X, Yu Q, Yao D, Shao L, Liang Z, Jia F, Li X, Hui T, Dai R. New Insights Into the Response of Metabolome of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to Ohmic Heating. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2936. [PMID: 30574129 PMCID: PMC6291463 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ohmic heating and water bath heating (WB) on the metabolome of Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells at the same inactivation levels. Compared to low voltage long time ohmic heating (5 V/cm, 8.50 min, LVLT) and WB (5.50 min), the high voltage short time ohmic heating (10 V/cm, 1.75 min, HVST) had much shorter heating time. Compared to the samples of control (CT), there were a total of 213 differential metabolites identified, among them, 73, 78, and 62 were presented in HVST, LVLT, and WB samples, revealing a stronger metabolomic response of E. coli cells to HVST and LVLT than WB. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the significantly enriched pathways were biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids (alanine, arginine, aspartate, and glutamate, etc.), followed by aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis among the three treatments. This is the first metabolomic study of E. coli cells in response to ohmic heating and presents an important step toward understanding the mechanism of ohmic heating on microbial inactivation, and can serve as a theoretical basis for better application of ohmic heating in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Donghao Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lele Shao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingmin Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Hui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruitong Dai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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30
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Abstract
Ohmic heating (OH) is an alternative food processing technology for effectively inactivating microorganisms that depends on the heat that has been generated when electrical current passes directly through food material. The advantages of OH for microbial inactivation include shorter heating time, more uniform heat distribution inside food, reduced nutrition losses, and higher energy efficiency. This review presents some published information regarding the inactivation of microorganisms by OH, including the major factors that influence the inactivation effectiveness of OH, the inactivation of vegetative cells and spores in foods by OH, the inactivation mechanisms of OH, and the challenges and prospects of OH for food processing. This information will improve the understanding of OH for inactivation of microorganisms and promote the application of OH in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Tian
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering and Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Products, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering and Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Products, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering and Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Products, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruitong Dai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering and Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Products, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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31
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Gavahian M, Chu YH, Sastry S. Extraction from Food and Natural Products by Moderate Electric Field: Mechanisms, Benefits, and Potential Industrial Applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1040-1052. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Gavahian
- Product and Process Research Center; Food Industry Research and Development Inst.; No. 331 Shih-Pin Rd. Hsinchu 30062 Taiwan ROC
| | - Yan-Hwa Chu
- Product and Process Research Center; Food Industry Research and Development Inst.; No. 331 Shih-Pin Rd. Hsinchu 30062 Taiwan ROC
| | - Sudhir Sastry
- Dept. of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering; The Ohio State Univ.; 590 Woody Hayes Drive Columbus OH 43210 USA
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32
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Kim SS, Choi W, Kang DH. Application of low frequency pulsed ohmic heating for inactivation of foodborne pathogens and MS-2 phage in buffered peptone water and tomato juice. Food Microbiol 2017; 63:22-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Kim SS, Kang DH. Synergistic effect of carvacrol and ohmic heating for inactivation of E. coli O157:H7, S . Typhimurium, L. monocytogenes , and MS-2 bacteriophage in salsa. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Amador-Espejo GG, Gallardo-Chacón JJ, Juan B, Trujillo AJ. Effect of ultra-high-pressure homogenization at moderate inlet temperatures on volatile profile of milk. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. G. Amador-Espejo
- CONACYT - Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada-IPN, Ex-Hacienda San Juan Molino Carretera Estatal Tecuexcomac, Tepetitla Km 1.5; 90700 Tlaxcala Mexico
- Centre Especial de Recerca Planta de Tecnologia dels Aliments (CERPTA), XaRTA, TECNIO, MALTA Consolider, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193 Spain
| | - J. J. Gallardo-Chacón
- Centre Especial de Recerca Planta de Tecnologia dels Aliments (CERPTA), XaRTA, TECNIO, MALTA Consolider, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193 Spain
| | - B. Juan
- Centre Especial de Recerca Planta de Tecnologia dels Aliments (CERPTA), XaRTA, TECNIO, MALTA Consolider, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193 Spain
| | - A. J. Trujillo
- Centre Especial de Recerca Planta de Tecnologia dels Aliments (CERPTA), XaRTA, TECNIO, MALTA Consolider, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193 Spain
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35
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Murashita S, Kawamura S, Koseki S. Effects of Ohmic Heating, Including Electric Field Intensity and Frequency, on Thermal Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis Spores. J Food Prot 2017; 80:164-168. [PMID: 28221892 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Methods for microbial inactivation are important in the food industry; however, conventional external heating (CH) reduces food quality. Accordingly, the nonthermal effects of ohmic heating (OH) on Bacillus subtilis spores in a sodium chloride aqueous solution at 101°C (i.e., the boiling point), as well as the effects of electric field intensity and frequency during OH, were investigated. Survival kinetics were compared between OH and external CH. The inactivation effect on B. subtilis was greater for all electric field conditions (5, 10, and 20 V/cm) than for CH. In particular, 20 V/cm showed a significantly higher inactivation effect (P < 0.05) on B. subtilis than those of CH at 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 min. The survival data were fitted to various primary kinetic models. In the Weibull model and the log-linear model, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the rate parameters δ and kmax between OH at 20 V/cm and CH. However, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in survival kinetics between 20, 40, and 60 kHz; B. subtilis spores were inactivated more efficiently as the frequency increased. B. subtilis spores were almost completely inactivated at 14 to 16 min for the 60-kHz treatment, but spores were still alive at 20 and 40 kHz for the same treatment times. These results demonstrated that OH inactivates B. subtilis spores more effectively than CH. OH conditions with high electric field intensities and high frequencies resulted in efficient B. subtilis spore inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Murashita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shuso Kawamura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Koseki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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36
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Kanogchaipramot K, Tongkhao K, Sajjaanantakul T, Kamonpatana P. Ohmic Heating of an Electrically Conductive Food Package. J Food Sci 2016; 81:E2966-E2976. [PMID: 27925258 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ohmic heating through an electrically conductive food package is a new approach to heat the food and its package as a whole after packing to avoid post-process contamination and to serve consumer needs for convenience. This process has been successfully completed using polymer film integrated with an electrically conductive film to form a conductive package. Orange juice packed in the conductive package surrounded with a conductive medium was pasteurized in an ohmic heater. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the temperature distribution within the package and its surroundings. A 3-D thermal-electric model showed heating uniformity inside the food package while the hot zone appeared in the orange juice adjacent to the conductive film. The accuracy of the model was determined by comparing the experimental results with the simulated temperature and current drawn; the model showed good agreement between the actual and simulated results. An inoculated pack study using Escherichia coli O157:H7 indicated negative growth of viable microorganisms at the target and over target lethal process temperatures, whereas the microorganism was present in the under target temperature treatment. Consequently, our developed ohmic heating system with conductive packaging offers potential for producing safe food.
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37
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Jaeger H, Roth A, Toepfl S, Holzhauser T, Engel KH, Knorr D, Vogel RF, Bandick N, Kulling S, Heinz V, Steinberg P. Opinion on the use of ohmic heating for the treatment of foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Ryang JH, Kim NH, Lee BS, Kim CT, Rhee MS. Destruction of Bacillus cereus spores in a thick soy bean paste (doenjang) by continuous ohmic heating with five sequential electrodes. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 63:66-73. [PMID: 27214292 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study selected spores from Bacillus cereus FSP-2 strain (the isolate from a commercial doenjang processing line) as the test strain which showed significantly higher thermal resistance (P < 0·05) than B. cereus reference strain (ATCC 27348). The spores in doenjang were subjected to ohmic heating (OH) at 95, 105, 115 and 125°C for 30, 60 or 90 s using a five sequential electrode system (electrical field: 26·7 V cm(-1) ; alternating current frequency: 25 kHz). OH at 105°C for 30-90 s reduced the B. cereus spore count in doenjang samples to <4 log CFU g(-1) . Since OH treatment at 115 and 125°C caused a perceivable colour change in the product (>1·5 National Bureau of Standards units), treatment at 105°C for 60 s was selected and applied on a large scale (500 kg of product). Reliable and reproducible destruction of B. cereus spores occurred; the reductions achieved (to < 4 log CFU g(-1) ) met the Korean national standards. Scanning electron microscopy revealed microstructural alterations in the spores (shrinkage and a distorted outer spore coat). OH is an effective method for destroying B. cereus spores to ensure the microbiological quality and safety of a thick, highly viscous sauce. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study shows that an ohmic heating (OH) using a five sequential electrode system can effectively destroy highly heat-resistant Bacillus cereus spores which have been frequently found in a commercial doenjang processing line without perceivable quality change in the product. In addition, it may demonstrate high potential of the unique OH system used in this study that will further contribute to ensure microbiological quality and safety of crude sauces containing high levels of electrolyte other than doenjang as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Ryang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Food Safety Research Institute, NONGSHIM Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - N H Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - B S Lee
- Food Safety Research Institute, NONGSHIM Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - C T Kim
- Food Safety Research Institute, NONGSHIM Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - M S Rhee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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39
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Jaeschke DP, Marczak LDF, Mercali GD. Evaluation of non-thermal effects of electricity on ascorbic acid and carotenoid degradation in acerola pulp during ohmic heating. Food Chem 2016; 199:128-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Samaranayake CP, Sastry SK. Effects of controlled-frequency moderate electric fields on pectin methylesterase and polygalacturonase activities in tomato homogenate. Food Chem 2016; 199:265-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Influence of infrared final cooking on color, texture and cooking characteristics of ohmically pre-cooked meatball. Meat Sci 2016; 114:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Ryang JH, Kim NH, Lee BS, Kim CT, Lee SH, Hwang IG, Rhee MS. Inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores in a tsuyu sauce using continuous ohmic heating with five sequential elbow-type electrodes. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 120:175-84. [PMID: 26497155 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The effect of ohmic heating (OH) in a pilot plant system which had a zig-zag shaped (elbow-type) ohmic heater with five sequential voltage electrodes was investigated on Bacillus cereus spores in a commercial tsuyu sauce. METHODS AND RESULTS The electrical field was fixed at 26·7 V cm(-1) with an alternating current frequency of 25 kHz. Raw tsuyu sauce (50 l) inoculated with B. cereus spores was submitted in a 4 × 3 factorial design to the OH system and heated at 95, 105, 115, and 125°C each for 30, 60, and 90 s. Survival of B. cereus spores and colour change in the commercial tsuyu sauce were both measured before and after treatment. As the treatment temperature and time increased, the number of surviving B. cereus spores decreased. The OH treatment in a bath-type process at 105°C for more than 30 s resulted in the total inactivation of the inoculated B. cereus spores (average 5·4 log reductions to undetectable levels after treatment). The OH protocol of heating at 105°C for 60 s which ensure complete eradication of the inoculated spores without compromising product quality was chosen and investigated for its suitability for commercial application on bulk quantities of samples (500 l). Reliable and reproducible reductions in B. cereus spore counts of 4·7-5·5 log CFU ml(-1) (mean ± standard deviation = 5·1 ± 0·3 CFU ml(-1) ) were achieved by the selected protocol of the continuous OH treatment (105°C for 60 s). CONCLUSION This study suggests that OH treatment with five sequential elbow-type electrodes has great potential as an industrial sterilizing method for liquid food contaminated with B. cereus spores. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This procedure will enhance the microbiological quality of liquid foods while minimizing quality deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Ryang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Food Safety Research Institute, NONGSHIM Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - N H Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - B S Lee
- Food Safety Research Institute, NONGSHIM Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - C T Kim
- Food Safety Research Institute, NONGSHIM Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Nutrition Safety Policy Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, North Chungcheong Province, Korea
| | - I G Hwang
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong, North Chungcheong Province, Korea
| | - M S Rhee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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43
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Sengun IY, Icier F, Kor G. Effects of Combined Ohmic-Infrared Cooking Treatment on Microbiological Inactivation of Meatballs. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilkin Yucel Sengun
- Engineering Faculty; Food Engineering Department; Ege University; 35100 Bornova Izmir Turkey
| | - Filiz Icier
- Engineering Faculty; Food Engineering Department; Ege University; 35100 Bornova Izmir Turkey
| | - Gamze Kor
- Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences; Food Engineering Program; Ege University; Izmir Turkey
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44
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Darvishi H, Hosainpour A, Nargesi F, Fadavi A. Exergy and energy analyses of liquid food in an Ohmic heating process: A case study of tomato production. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Reineke K, Schottroff F, Meneses N, Knorr D. Sterilization of liquid foods by pulsed electric fields-an innovative ultra-high temperature process. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:400. [PMID: 25999930 PMCID: PMC4422003 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The intention of this study was to investigate the inactivation of endospores by a combined thermal and pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment. Therefore, self-cultivated spores of Bacillus subtilis and commercial Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores with certified heat resistance were utilized. Spores of both strains were suspended in saline water (5.3 mS cm−1), skim milk (0.3% fat; 5.3 mS cm−1) and fresh prepared carrot juice (7.73 mS cm−1). The combination of moderate preheating (70–90°C) and an insulated PEF-chamber, combined with a holding tube (65 cm) and a heat exchanger for cooling, enabled a rapid heat up to 105–140°C (measured above the PEF chamber) within 92.2–368.9 μs. To compare the PEF process with a pure thermal inactivation, each spore suspension was heat treated in thin glass capillaries and D-values from 90 to 130°C and its corresponding z-values were calculated. For a comparison of the inactivation data, F-values for the temperature fields of both processes were calculated by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A preheating of saline water to 70°C with a flow rate of 5 l h−1, a frequency of 150 Hz and an energy input of 226.5 kJ kg−1, resulted in a measured outlet temperature of 117°C and a 4.67 log10 inactivation of B. subtilis. The thermal process with identical F-value caused only a 3.71 log10 inactivation. This synergism of moderate preheating and PEF was even more pronounced for G. stearothermophilus spores in saline water. A preheating to 95°C and an energy input of 144 kJ kg−1 resulted in an outlet temperature of 126°C and a 3.28 log10 inactivation, whereas nearly no inactivation (0.2 log10) was achieved during the thermal treatment. Hence, the PEF technology was evaluated as an alternative ultra-high temperature process. However, for an industrial scale application of this process for sterilization, optimization of the treatment chamber design is needed to reduce the occurring inhomogeneous temperature fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Reineke
- Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam, Germany ; Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Technische Universitaet Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Schottroff
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Technische Universitaet Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Dietrich Knorr
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Technische Universitaet Berlin Berlin, Germany
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Stratakos AC, Koidis A. Suitability, efficiency and microbiological safety of novel physical technologies for the processing of ready-to-eat meals, meats and pumpable products. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Ch. Stratakos
- Institute for Global Food Security; Queen's University Belfast; David Keir Building 18-30 Malone Rd Belfast BT9 5BN UK
| | - Anastasios Koidis
- Institute for Global Food Security; Queen's University Belfast; David Keir Building 18-30 Malone Rd Belfast BT9 5BN UK
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Mercali GD, Gurak PD, Schmitz F, Marczak LDF. Evaluation of non-thermal effects of electricity on anthocyanin degradation during ohmic heating of jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) juice. Food Chem 2015; 171:200-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Amador Espejo GG, Hernández-Herrero M, Juan B, Trujillo A. Inactivation of Bacillus spores inoculated in milk by Ultra High Pressure Homogenization. Food Microbiol 2014; 44:204-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mercali GD, Schwartz S, Marczak LDF, Tessaro IC, Sastry S. Effect of the electric field frequency on ascorbic acid degradation during thermal treatment by ohmic heating. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5865-70. [PMID: 24892902 PMCID: PMC4154558 DOI: 10.1021/jf500203u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the influence of the electric field frequency and solids content on the degradation kinetics of ascorbic acid during ohmic heating of acerola pulp and acerola serum was investigated. The degradation percentage of ascorbic acid in the pulp after 120 min of heating varied between 12 and 17%. For the serum, the degradation percentage was in the range of 13 and 18%. The results were fitted to the first-order model, and the kinetic rate constants ranged from 1.1 to 1.6×10(-3) min(-1) and from 1.1 to 1.5×10(-3) min(-1) for pulp and serum, respectively. D values ranged between 1480 and 2145 min for the pulp and between 1524 and 1951 min for the serum. A distinct behavior between the kinetic parameters of the pulp and serum in electric field frequencies ranging from 10 to 1000 Hz indicates that the presence of distinct amounts and types of solids might affect the rate of the electron transfer in electrochemical reactions. These variables may also affect the polarization process stimulated by the oscillating electric field. The non-achievement of the equilibrium of the polarization process may have an influence on oxidation reactions, affecting the predisposition to hydrogen donation from the ascorbic acid molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Domeneghini Mercali
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Engenheiro Luiz Englert s/n, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90040-040, Brazil
| | - Steven Schwartz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 235 Parker Food Science Building, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ligia Damasceno Ferreira Marczak
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Engenheiro Luiz Englert s/n, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90040-040, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Tessaro
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Engenheiro Luiz Englert s/n, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90040-040, Brazil
| | - Sudhir Sastry
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1057, United States
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50
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Ascorbic acid degradation and color changes in acerola pulp during ohmic heating: Effect of electric field frequency. J FOOD ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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