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Li Q, Jin H, Xia M, Sun H, Zeng T, Wang Y, Lu L, Cai Z. Sucrose-phosphate osmotic system improves the quality characteristics of reduced-salt salted egg yolk: Profiling from protein structure and lipid distribution perspective. Food Chem 2024; 445:138750. [PMID: 38382258 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
This paper was dedicated to the study of the effect of sucrose-phosphate on aspects of physicochemical properties, lipid distribution and protein structure during the picklig of reduced-salt salted egg yolk (SEY). This work constructed a reduced-salt pickling system from a new perspective (promoting osmosis) by using a sucrose-phosphate-salt. Results showed that SEY-28d achieved a desirable salt content (1.07 %), hardness (573.46 g) and springiness (0.65 g). The matured SEY was in excellent quality with orange-red color and loose sandy texture. This was because the lipoprotein aggregated with each other through hydrophobic interaction to form a stable network structure. In addition, the hypertonic environment accelerated salt penetration. These also created good condition for lipid spillage. The results of confocal laser scanning microscope also verified this phenomenon. This work provides important guidance for new reduced-salt curing of traditional pickled foods, deep processing of SEY, and industry development in the field of poultry egg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Li
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Haobo Jin
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Minquan Xia
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Haoyang Sun
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Tao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Egg Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhaoxia Cai
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Egg Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China.
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Xiao C, Zhang Y, Gong T, Lu W, Chen D, Zhang C, Wang H, Guan R. A Comparative Study of Pickled Salted Eggs by Positive and Negative Pressure-Ultrasonic Method. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071477. [PMID: 37048298 PMCID: PMC10094396 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the positive and negative pressure-ultrasonic method was applied to salted egg pickling, compared with traditional pickled salted eggs by various physical and chemical indicators. Results indicated the salt content of egg white and egg yolk increased rapidly in the salt-preserved salted egg with the positive and negative pressure-ultrasonic method, and the moisture content decreased rapidly. In addition, the oil yield of egg yolk was marinated for 12 days compared with the normal method of 35 days, and the ripening time of salted eggs was shortened by 2/3. There was no obvious difference in the microscopical structure of the egg yolk between the two methods of pickling. Moreover, the pores on the eggshell of the salted egg that was marinated by the positive and negative pressure-ultrasonic method had big cracks, which was beneficial to the substance exchange of the eggs and the outside. The common volatile flavor substances were detected by GC-MS, and a total of 33 flavor constituents were detected. There was no significant difference between the content of alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones, which contributed greatly to the flavor. Overall, the results indicated that this innovative salted eggs method can significantly reduce the curing time while ensuring the quality of salted eggs.
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3
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Zheng M, Chen S, Yao Y, Wu N, Xu M, Zhao Y, Tu Y. A review on the development of pickled eggs: rapid pickling and quality optimization. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102468. [PMID: 36682130 PMCID: PMC9876998 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pickled eggs enjoy a long processing history with unique flavor and rich nutrition but suffer from long pickling cycle due to the limitations of traditional processing methods. In terms of quality, salted egg whites have the disadvantage of high sodium content, and salted egg yolks have problems such as hard core and black circle around outer layer. Likewise, the quality of preserved eggs is challenged by the black spots (dots) on the eggshells and the high content of heavy metals in the egg contents. The sustainable development of traditional pickled eggs are hindered by these defects and extensive research has been carried out in recent years. Based on the elaboration of the quality formation mechanism of salted eggs and preserved eggs, this paper reviewed the processing principles and applications of rapid pickling technologies like ultrasonic technology, magnetoelectric-assisted technology, water cycle technology, vacuum decompression technology, and pulsed pressure technology, as well as the quality optimization methods such as controlling the sodium content of the salted egg whites, improving the quality of salted egg yolks, promoting the quality of lead-free preserved eggs, and developing heavy metal-free preserved eggs. In the end, the future development trend of traditional pickled eggs was summarized and prospected in order to provide theoretical guidance for the actual production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China,Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China,Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shuping Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China,Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China,Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China,Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China,Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Na Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China,Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China,Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China,Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China,Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China,Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China,Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yonggang Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China; Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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4
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Li X, Chen S, Yao Y, Wu N, Xu M, Zhao Y, Tu Y. The Quality Characteristics Formation and Control of Salted Eggs: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192949. [PMID: 36230025 PMCID: PMC9564276 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salted egg, a traditional characteristic processed egg product in China, is popular among consumers at home and abroad. Salted egg quality characteristics formation primarily includes the hydration of egg white, the solidification of egg yolk, the unique color and flavor of salted egg yolk, and the formation of white, fine, and tender egg whites and loose, sandy, and oily egg yolks after pickling and heating. The unique quality characteristics of salted eggs are mostly caused by the infiltration dehydration of salt, the intermolecular interaction of proteins, and the oxidation of lipids. In recent years, to solve the problems of salted eggs having high salinity, long production cycle, and short storage period, the pickling technology for salted egg has been improved and researched, which has played a significant role in promoting the scientific production of salted eggs. This paper summarizes the mechanisms of salted egg quality characteristics formation and factors influencing quality, with a perspective of providing a theoretical basis for the production of high-quality salted eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shuping Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Na Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yonggang Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Correspondence:
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5
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Dai JW, Zhang Q, Li M, Li LJ, Xu LJ, Liu YW, Yin PF, Liu SX, Zhao YP, Gou KY, Li YL, Qin W. Enhanced mass transfer of pulsed vacuum pressure pickling and changes in quality of sour bamboo shoots. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:981807. [PMID: 36187974 PMCID: PMC9523241 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.981807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sour bamboo shoot is a traditional Chinese fermented vegetable food. The traditional pickling method of sour bamboo shoots has the disadvantages of being time-consuming, inhomogeneous, and difficult to control. Pulsed vacuum pressure pickling (PVPP) technology uses pulsed vacuum pressure to enhance the pickling efficiency significantly. To demonstrate the effects of salt content and PVPP technical parameters on the fermentation of bamboo shoots, the sample salinity, pH value, color, crunchiness and chewiness, nitrite content, and lactic acid bacteria content during the pickling process were investigated. The salt content inside the bamboo shoots gradually increased to the equilibrium point during the pickling process. The pickling efficiency of bamboo shoots under PVPP technology increased by 34.1% compared to the traditional control groups. Meanwhile, the uniform salt distribution under PVPP technology also obtained better performance in comparison with the traditional groups. The pH value declined slowly from 5.96 to 3.70 with the extension of pickling time and sour flavor accumulated progressively. No significant differences were found in the color values (L*, a*, and b*) and the crunchiness of the bamboo shoot under different salt solution concentrations, vacuum pressure, and pulsation frequency ratio conditions. Colony-forming unit of lactic acid bacteria (CFU of LAB) decreased, to begin with, and then increased until the 6th day, followed by a declining trend in volatility. The nitrate content of bamboo shoots samples under PVPP treatments did not exceed the safety standard (<20 mg/kg) during the whole fermentation process, which proves the safety of PVPP technology. In conclusion, PVPP technology can safely replace the traditional method with better quality performance. The optimal PVPP processing conditions (vacuum pressure 60 kPa, 10 min vacuum pressure time vs. 4 min atmospheric pressure time, salt solution concentration 6%) have been recommended for pickling bamboo shoots with high product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wu Dai
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Lian-Jie Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Li-Jia Xu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Jia Xu
| | - Yao-Wen Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yin
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Shu-Xiang Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yong-Peng Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Kai-Yun Gou
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Ying-Lu Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Wen Qin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
- Wen Qin
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6
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Simulation of Fluid Flow during Egg Pickling under Different Inlet and Outlet Conditions in a Pulsed Pressure Tank with Liquid Circulation. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172630. [PMID: 36076816 PMCID: PMC9455922 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed pressure pickling is an emerging highly efficient osmotic dehydration technique. However, the immobility of the pickling liquid and the material, the formation of layers, and the uneven pickling efficiency in different sections make it difficult to use industrially. This work aims at improving and optimizing the conditions of fluid flow in the pickling tank with a liquid-cycle system to reduce the unevenness in the production process. Fluid flow around the eggs was numerically investigated by solving three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations within the flow regime, adopting different angles and positions at the inlet and outlet. The simulation results show that the inlet with a radial deflection of 35° and the outlet with axial direction were characterized by the best flow efficiency. Under these conditions, the average flow velocity and the global uniformity index were 0.153 m/s and 0.407, respectively. Furthermore, the experiments were carried out using an equivalent scale model of the pulsed pressure equipment with liquid circulation. The experimental results showed that, under optimal conditions, the salt content in all four layers of the egg white was about 2.8% after 48 h. This study provides a solution to ensure the constant salinity of different layers of pickled eggs and to improve pickling efficiency, especially in industrial-scale production.
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7
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Zeng Q, Dang R, Jin Y. Improved Marinating Efficiency and Quality of Marinated Eggs by Pulsating Pressure Technology. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University, National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing Wuhan Hubei PR China
| | - Runqing Dang
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University, National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing Wuhan Hubei PR China
| | - Yongguo Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University, National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing Wuhan Hubei PR China
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8
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Zhang Y, Zielinska M, Vidyarthi SK, Zhao JH, Pei YP, Li G, Zheng ZA, Wu M, Gao ZJ, Xiao HW. Pulsed pressure pickling enhances acetic acid transfer, thiosulfinates degradation, color and ultrastructure changes of “Laba” garlic. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Wang J, Shen Q, Zhang W, Guo P, Li Y, Mao Z, Zhang X, Shen S, Dou H. Study on effect of salting process on egg yolk plasma using AF4 combined with ATR-FTIR and DSC. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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10
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Yuan L, Zhang J, Wu J, Gao Z, Xie X, Wang Z, Wang X. The effect on quality of pickled salted duck eggs using the novel method of pulsed pressure osmotic dehydration. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhenjiang Gao
- College of Engineering; China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 194; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Xinfang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiaotuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing, 100193 China
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11
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Effect of different dietary energy and protein sources on antioxidant status, fresh yolk fatty acid profile and microstructure of salted yolks in laying ducks. Animal 2018; 12:2205-2213. [PMID: 29306348 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117003561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated whether different dietary energy and protein sources affect laying performance, antioxidant status, fresh yolk fatty acid profile and quality of salted yolks in laying ducks. In all, 360 19-week-old Longyan ducks were randomly assigned to four diets in a factorial arrangement (2×2). The four diets consisted of two energy sources, corn (CO) or sorghum (SO) and two protein sources, soybean meal (SM) and rapeseed meal with corn distillers dried grains with solubles (RMD), and each treatment contained six replicates of 15 birds each. The experimental diets were isocaloric (metabolizable energy, 10.84 MJ/kg) and isonitrogenous (CP, 17%). The results showed that egg production, average egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion ratio were not affected by diets (P>0.05). Plasma contents of reduced glutathione (GSH), GSH/oxidized glutathione and total antioxidant capacity were lower (P<0.05) in ducks fed the RMD diets compared with those fed SM diets with a substantial increase (P=0.006) in plasma content of malondialdehyde (MDA). Egg yolks from ducks fed SO diets had higher proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and lower saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids compared with CO diets (P<0.001). Similarly, ducks fed RMD diets had a higher content of PUFA and n-6/n-3 ratio in fresh yolks (P<0.001), and increased salted yolk MDA, carbonylated proteins content and incidence of hard salted yolks (P<0.05) compared with SM diets. Scanning electron microscopy showed that salted yolks contained rougher polyhedral granules and fewer fat droplets, and were surrounded with a layer of bunchy fibers in ducks fed SO+RMD than those fed CO+SM diet. In conclusion, the current study showed that feeding laying ducks with diets containing SO or RMD reduced antioxidant capacity and increased egg yolk concentrations of PUFA. It appeared that egg yolks from ducks fed these diets were more sensitive to lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation during salting, and reduced the quality of salted yolks.
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12
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Xu L, Zhao Y, Xu M, Yao Y, Nie X, Du H, Tu YG. Effects of salting treatment on the physicochemical properties, textural properties, and microstructures of duck eggs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182912. [PMID: 28797071 PMCID: PMC5552285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to illuminate the forming process of salted egg, the effects of the brine solution with different salt concentrations on the physicochemical properties, textural properties, and microstructures of duck eggs were evaluated using conventional physicochemical property determination methods. The results showed that the moisture contents of both the raw and cooked egg whites and egg yolks, the springiness of the raw egg yolks and cooked egg whites exhibited a decreasing trend with the increase in the salting time and salt concentration. The salt content, oil exudation and the hardness of the raw egg yolks showed a constantly increasing trend. Viscosity of the raw egg whites showed an overall trend in which it first deceased and then increased and decreased again, which was similar to the trend of the hardness of the cooked egg whites and egg yolks. As the salting proceeded, the pH value of the raw and cooked egg whites declined remarkably and then declined slowly, whereas the pH of the raw and cooked egg yolks did not show any noticeable changes. The effect of salting on the pH value varied significantly with the salt concentration in the brine solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that salted yolks consist of spherical granules and embedded flattened porosities. It was concluded that the treatment of salt induces solidification of yolk, accompanied with higher oil exudation and the development of a gritty texture. Different salt concentrations show certain differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuliang Nie
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huaying Du
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong-gang Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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13
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Wang Z, Xu W, Kang N, Shen Q, Zhang D. Microstructural, protein denaturation and water holding properties of lamb under pulse vacuum brining. Meat Sci 2016; 113:132-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Yang N, Jin Y, Xu Y, Bin Y, Xu X. Effect of pressure cooking on physicochemical properties of salted eggs. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18737d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure cooking is a curing method for improving the quality of salted eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Yamei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Yue Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Yonglin Bin
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Xueming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
- School of Food Science and Technology
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15
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Lian Z, Qiao L, Zhu G, Deng Y, Qian B, Yue J, Zhao Y. Use of sodium dodecyl sulfate pretreatment and 2-stage curing for improved quality of salted duck eggs. J Food Sci 2014; 79:E354-61. [PMID: 24673336 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The effects of use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) pretreatment and 2-stage curing on the microbial, physicochemical, and microstructural qualities of salted duck eggs were studied. After pretreatment in 0.5% (w/v) SDS solution at room conditions for 15 min, no discolorations were observed and no microorganisms were detected on the egg shells. In the 2-stage curing process, 25% (w/v) and 30% (w/v) saline solutions were evaluated in the 1st step (Stage I, approximately 18 d), whereas 4% (w/v) saline solution was applied in the 2nd step (Stage II, approximately 15 d). Along with increased curing time, water content decreased and NaCl content increased in the egg yolks from approximately 0.40% to 0.86%, whereas the water content of egg albumen remained at approximately 85% during the 2-stage curing. More importantly, the NaCl content of albumen maintained at approximately 4.0% at Stage II curing. Yolk index as a sign of maturity for salted duck eggs reached 1 at the end of Stage I (18 d) and retained the same value during Stage II curing regardless of the NaCl concentration in the Stage I saline solution. Oil exudation in egg yolks increased as the time of curing increased. As seen from scanning electron microscopy, oil was released from yolk granules. This study indicated that SDS pretreatment is effective to reduce microbial load on the shells of fresh duck eggs and the 2-stage curing can improve physicochemical qualities of the salted duck eggs and shortened curing time to about 7 to 17 d as compared to the traditional 1-step curing method. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Spoiled saline solution and uneven distribution of salt are the 2 major problems in producing salted duck eggs. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) pretreatment and 2-stage curing process have shown effective to solve these problems, respectively. The SDS pretreatment was able to remove microorganisms and soil from the surface of fresh egg shells, thus preventing the spoilage of the saline solution. The 2-stage curing process successfully controlled the NaCl content of egg albumen and yolk in the final product, and shortened the curing time compared to the traditional 1-step curing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Lian
- SJTU-Bor Luh Food Safety Center, Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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