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Renita AA, Gajaria TK, Sathish S, Kumar JA, Lakshmi DS, Kujawa J, Kujawski W. Progress and Prospective of the Industrial Development and Applications of Eco-Friendly Colorants: An Insight into Environmental Impact and Sustainability Issues. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071521. [PMID: 37048342 PMCID: PMC10093929 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Color is the prime feature directly associated with the consumer's attraction and choice of their food. The flavor, safety, and nutritional value of any food product are directly associated with the food color. Natural and synthetic colorants (dyes and pigments) have diversified applications in various sectors such as food, feed, pharmaceutical, textiles, cosmetics, and others. Concerning the food industry, different types of natural and synthetic colorants are available in the market. Synthetic food colorants have gained popularity as they are highly stable and cheaply available. Consumers worldwide prefer delightful foodstuffs but are more concerned about the safety of the food. After its disposal, the colloidal particles present in the synthetic colorants do not allow sunlight to penetrate aquatic bodies. This causes a foul smell and turbidity formation and gives a bad appearance. Furthermore, different studies carried out previously have presented the toxicological, carcinogenic effects, hypersensitivity reactions, and behavioral changes linked to the usage of synthetic colorants. Natural food colorings, however, have nutraceutical qualities that are valuable to human health such as curcumin extracted from turmeric and beta-carotene extracted from carrots. In addition, natural colorants have beneficial properties such as excellent antioxidant properties, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and antiarthritic effects. This review summarizes the sources of natural and synthetic colorants, their production rate, demand, extraction, and characterization of food colorants, their industrial applications, environmental impact, challenges in the sustainable utilization of natural colorants, and their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Annam Renita
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | - Tejal K Gajaria
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara 391410, India
| | - S Sathish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | - J Aravind Kumar
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 600119, India
| | | | - Joanna Kujawa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kujawski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Majumdar S, Mandal T, Dasgupta Mandal D. Comparative performance evaluation of chitosan based polymeric microspheres and nanoparticles as delivery system for bacterial β-carotene derived from Planococcus sp. TRC1. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:384-397. [PMID: 34863970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
β-carotene is a natural compound with immense healthcare benefits. To overcome insolubility and lack of stability which restricts its application, in this study, β-carotene from Planococcus sp. TRC1 was entrapped into formulations of chitosan‑sodium alginate microspheres (MF1, MF2 and MF3) and chitosan nanoparticles (NF1, NF2 and NF3). The maximum entrapment efficiency (%) and loading capacity (%) were 80.6 ± 4.28 and 26 ± 3.05 (MF2) and 92.1 ± 3.44 and 41.86 ± 4.65 (NF2) respectively. Korsmeyer-Peppas model showed best fit with release, revealing non-Fickian diffusion. Thermal and UV treatment exhibited higher activation energy (kJ/mol), 17.76 and 15.57 (MF2) and 37.03 and 19.33 (NF2) compared to free β-carotene (3.7 and 3.9), uncovering enhanced stability. MF2 and NF2 revealed swelling index (%) 721 ± 1.7 and 18.1 ± 1.5 (pH 6.8) and particle size 69.5 ± 3.2 μm and 92 ± 2.5 nm respectively. FESEM, FT-IR, XRD and DSC depicted spherical morphology, intactness of functional groups and masking of crystallinity. The IC50 (μg ml-1) values for antioxidant and anticancer (A-549) activities were 33.1 ± 1.7, 45.1 ± 2.8, 39.3 ± 2.9 and 31.3 ± 1.7, 27.9 ± 2.4, 25.3 ± 2.2 for β-carotene, MF2 and NF2 respectively with no significant cytotoxicity on HEK-293 cells and RBCs (p > 0.05). This comparative study of microspheres and nanoparticles may allow the diverse applications of an unconventional bacterial β-carotene with promising stability and efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasree Majumdar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India; Department of Zoology, Sonamukhi College, Sonamukhi, Bankura 722207, West Bengal, India
| | - Tamal Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Dalia Dasgupta Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India.
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Yield and quality parameters of pretreated crambe seed oil extracted using C3H8, CO2 and C3H8+CO2 mixtures under pressurized conditions. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Smaoui S, Ben Hlima H, Ben Braïek O, Ennouri K, Mellouli L, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Recent advancements in encapsulation of bioactive compounds as a promising technique for meat preservation. Meat Sci 2021; 181:108585. [PMID: 34119890 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation is currently considered as one the most valuable methods for preserving aromatic compounds or hiding odors, enhancing their thermal and oxidative stability, and expanding their food applications. Indeed, this current article was aimed to provide an overview regarding the encapsulation of plant bioactive compounds and the spray-drying and extrusion processes with a focused discussion regarding the encountered challenges for meat and meat product preservation. Furthermore, different ranges of carbohydrates as wall materials (carriers) besides the process conditions' effects on the encapsulation effectiveness and the particle size of the encapsulated bioactive compounds have been discussed. The encapsulation of these compounds ameliorates the quality of the stored meat products by further delaying in microflora growth and lipid/protein oxidation. Therefore, the innovative technologies for plant active compounds encapsulation offer a prospective alternative for natural preservation development in the meat industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbial, Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax-Tunisia, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P. O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Hajer Ben Hlima
- Algae Biotechnology Unit, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax-Tunisia, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Ben Braïek
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances (LR99ES27), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ennouri
- Laboratory of Amelioration and Protection of Olive Genetic Resources, Olive Tree Institute, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Mellouli
- Laboratory of Microbial, Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax-Tunisia, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P. O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Grootaert C, Vansteenland M, Vandemoortele A, Van Camp J, De Meulenaer B. Method for beta-carotene extraction from processed baby foods as a model for plant-based fatty food products. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110332. [PMID: 34053535 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Reliable quantitative determination of carotenoids in complex food matrices such as processed baby food products is challenging because of their incorporation in rigid cellular structures, their sensitivity to oxidation and their lipophilic character. A one-pot liquid-liquid β-carotene extraction procedure is described for solid baby foods, in the presence of enzymes (Clara-Diastase and Rapidase) facilitating matrix disintegration. The combined extraction and enzymatic dissolution not only protected β-carotene from oxidation compared to the sequential approach, but also reduced the use of solvents and amount of filtrations steps, favouring a higher recovery. The addition of phenolic antioxidants (BHT, TBHQ and BHA) to calibration solutions and during the procedure at 25 mg/mL resulted in an up to 2.5-fold higher absorbance of β-carotene solutions which was not observed for trans-β-apo-8'-carotenal (used as internal standard) solutions. When applying the full procedure on β-carotene spiked sunflower oil, an apparent recovery of 80% for β-carotene was obtained. Finally, this protocol was applied to 50 vegetable-based and 22 fruit-based processed baby foods (range 0 to 1179 and 504 µg/100 g, respectively), and it was concluded that this extraction procedure may be used for similar processed foods products. The procedure proved to be sensitive (LOD = 0.12 µg/mL) and reproducible (CV for baby foods: 4-10%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grootaert
- nutriFOODchem - Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Margot Vansteenland
- nutriFOODchem - Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Angelique Vandemoortele
- nutriFOODchem - Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- nutriFOODchem - Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent Belgium; Food2Know, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Bruno De Meulenaer
- nutriFOODchem - Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent Belgium; Food2Know, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Green Chemistry Extractions of Carotenoids from Daucus carota L.-Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Enzyme-Assisted Methods. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234339. [PMID: 31783600 PMCID: PMC6930531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple reviews have been published on various aspects of carotenoid extraction. Nevertheless, none of them focused on the discussion of recent green chemistry extraction protocols, especially for the carotenoids extraction from Daucus carota L. This group of bioactive compounds has been chosen for this review since most of the scientific papers proved their antioxidant properties relevant for inflammation, stress-related disorders, cancer, or neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, such as stroke and Alzheimer's Disease. Besides, carrots constitute one of the most popular sources of carotenoids. In the presented review emphasis has been placed on the supercritical carbon dioxide and enzyme-assisted extraction techniques for the relevant tetraterpenoids. The detailed descriptions of these methods, as well as practical examples, are provided. In addition, the pros and cons of each method and comparison with the standard solvent extraction have been discussed.
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Do TVT, Fan L, Suhartini W, Girmatsion M. Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) fruit: A functional food and medicinal resource. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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de Andrade Lima M, Charalampopoulos D, Chatzifragkou A. Optimisation and modelling of supercritical CO2 extraction process of carotenoids from carrot peels. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Honda M, Watanabe Y, Murakami K, Hoang NN, diono W, Kanda H, Goto M. Enhanced Lycopene Extraction from Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis
Spreng.) by the Z
-Isomerization Induced with Microwave Irradiation Pre-Treatment. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Honda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Yo Watanabe
- Department of Materials Process Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Kazuya Murakami
- Department of Materials Process Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Hoang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Technology; Hanoi University of Science and Technology; 1 Dai Co Viet road Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Wahyu diono
- Department of Materials Process Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Hideki Kanda
- Department of Materials Process Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Motonobu Goto
- Department of Materials Process Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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Akkarachaneeyakorn S, Boonrattanakom A, Pukpin P, Rattanawaraha S, Mattaweewong N. Extraction of Aril Oil from Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis
Spreng) Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suthida Akkarachaneeyakorn
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science; King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok; 1518 Pracharat I Road, Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800 Thailand
| | - Apinya Boonrattanakom
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science; King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok; 1518 Pracharat I Road, Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800 Thailand
| | - Pornchanok Pukpin
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science; King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok; 1518 Pracharat I Road, Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800 Thailand
| | - Samaporn Rattanawaraha
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science; King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok; 1518 Pracharat I Road, Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800 Thailand
| | - Nakarin Mattaweewong
- Division of Herb and Thai Tradition Medicine, Department for Development of Thai Tradition and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health; 117 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
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Ray S, Raychaudhuri U, Chakraborty R. An overview of encapsulation of active compounds used in food products by drying technology. FOOD BIOSCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Carotenoid is a group of pigments naturally present in vegetal raw materials that have biological properties. These pigments have been used mainly in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Currently, the industrial production is executed through chemical synthesis, but natural alternatives of carotenoid production/attainment are in development. The carotenoid extraction occurs generally with vegetal oil and organic solvents, but supercritical technology is an alternative technique to the recovery of these compounds, presenting many advantages when compared to conventional process. Brazil has an ample diversity of vegetal sources inadequately investigated and, then, a major development of optimization and validation of carotenoid production/attainment methods is necessary, so that the benefits of these pigments can be delivered to the consumer.
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Bakry AM, Abbas S, Ali B, Majeed H, Abouelwafa MY, Mousa A, Liang L. Microencapsulation of Oils: A Comprehensive Review of Benefits, Techniques, and Applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 15:143-182. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amr M. Bakry
- the State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 PR China
- the Dept. of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture; Suez Canal Univ; Ismailia 41522 Egypt
| | - Shabbar Abbas
- the State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 PR China
- the Dept. of Biosciences; COMSATS Inst. of Information Technology; Park Road Islamabad 45550 Pakistan
| | - Barkat Ali
- the State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 PR China
| | - Hamid Majeed
- the State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 PR China
| | - Mohamed Y. Abouelwafa
- the State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 PR China
- the Dept. of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture; Suez Canal Univ; Ismailia 41522 Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mousa
- the State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 PR China
- the Dept. of Dairy Science, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Science; Suez Canal Univ; 45516 El Arish Egypt
| | - Li Liang
- the State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 PR China
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Singh A, Ahmad S, Ahmad A. Green extraction methods and environmental applications of carotenoids-a review. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10243j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers and discusses various aspects of carotenoids including their chemistry, classification, biosynthesis, extraction methods (conventional and non-conventional), analytical techniques and biological roles in living beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
- Jamia Hamdard
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Anees Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
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Chuyen HV, Nguyen MH, Roach PD, Golding JB, Parks SE. Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensisSpreng.): a rich source of bioactive compounds and its potential health benefits. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang V. Chuyen
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences; University of Newcastle; PO Box 127 Brush Road Ourimbah NSW 2258 Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry; Tay Nguyen University; 567 Le Duan Street Buon Ma Thuot Daklak Vietnam
| | - Minh H. Nguyen
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences; University of Newcastle; PO Box 127 Brush Road Ourimbah NSW 2258 Australia
- School of Science and Health; University of Western Sydney; Penrith NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Paul D. Roach
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences; University of Newcastle; PO Box 127 Brush Road Ourimbah NSW 2258 Australia
| | - John B. Golding
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences; University of Newcastle; PO Box 127 Brush Road Ourimbah NSW 2258 Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries; Ourimbah NSW 2258 Australia
| | - Sophie E. Parks
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences; University of Newcastle; PO Box 127 Brush Road Ourimbah NSW 2258 Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries; Ourimbah NSW 2258 Australia
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17
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Microencapsulation of Gac oil: Optimisation of spray drying conditions using response surface methodology. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hiranvarachat B, Devahastin S. Enhancement of microwave-assisted extraction via intermittent radiation: Extraction of carotenoids from carrot peels. J FOOD ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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