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Luna-Solorza JM, Ayala-Zavala JF, Cruz-Valenzuela MR, González-Aguilar GA, Bernal-Mercado AT, Gutierrez-Pacheco MM, Silva-Espinoza BA. Oregano Essential Oil versus Conventional Disinfectants against Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 Biofilms and Damage to Stainless-Steel Surfaces. Pathogens 2023; 12:1245. [PMID: 37887761 PMCID: PMC10609779 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the effect of oregano essential oil versus sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and benzalkonium chloride against the viability of adhered Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on 304 stainless steel. Oregano essential oil was effective in disrupting the biofilms of both bacteria at concentrations ranging from 0.15 to 0.52 mg mL-1. In addition, damage to stainless-steel surfaces following disinfection treatments was assessed by weight loss analysis and via visual inspection using light microscopy. Compared to the other treatments, oregano oil caused the least damage to stainless steel (~0.001% weight loss), whereas sodium hypochlorite caused the most severe damage (0.00817% weight loss) when applied at 0.5 mg mL-1. Moreover, oregano oil also had an apparent protective impact on the stainless steel as weight losses were less than for the control surfaces (distilled water only). On the other hand, sodium hypochlorite caused the most severe damage to stainless steel (0.00817% weight loss). In conclusion, oregano oil eliminated monoculture biofilms of two important foodborne pathogens on 304 stainless-steel surfaces, while at the same time minimizing damage to the surfaces compared with conventional disinfectant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus M. Luna-Solorza
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Asociación Civil, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico (J.F.A.-Z.); (M.R.C.-V.); (G.A.G.-A.)
| | - J. Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Asociación Civil, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico (J.F.A.-Z.); (M.R.C.-V.); (G.A.G.-A.)
| | - M. Reynaldo Cruz-Valenzuela
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Asociación Civil, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico (J.F.A.-Z.); (M.R.C.-V.); (G.A.G.-A.)
| | - Gustavo A. González-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Asociación Civil, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico (J.F.A.-Z.); (M.R.C.-V.); (G.A.G.-A.)
| | - Ariadna T. Bernal-Mercado
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora. Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - M. Melissa Gutierrez-Pacheco
- Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Estatal de Sonora, Campus San Luis Rio Colorado, Carretera San Luis Rio Colorado-Sonoyta Km 6.5. Col. Industrial CP, San Luis Río Colorado 83430, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Brenda A. Silva-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Asociación Civil, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico (J.F.A.-Z.); (M.R.C.-V.); (G.A.G.-A.)
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Stoforos GN, Rezaei F, Simunovic J, Sandeep K. Enhancement of continuous flow cooling using hydrophobic surface treatment. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Schnöing L, Augustin W, Scholl S. Fouling mitigation in food processes by modification of heat transfer surfaces: A review. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Guerrero-Navarro A, Ríos-Castillo A, Avila CR, Hascoët A, Felipe X, Rodriguez Jerez J. Development of a dairy fouling model to assess the efficacy of cleaning procedures using alkaline and enzymatic products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Magens OM, Hofmans JF, Adriaenssens Y, Ian Wilson D. Comparison of fouling of raw milk and whey protein solution on stainless steel and fluorocarbon coated surfaces: Effects on fouling performance, deposit structure and composition. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wilson DI. Fouling during food processing – progress in tackling this inconvenient truth. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Basso M, Simonato M, Furlanetto R, De Nardo L. Study of chemical environments for washing and descaling of food processing appliances: An insight in commercial cleaning products. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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AES and XPS investigations of the cleaning-agent-induced pitting corrosion of stainless steels used in the food-processing environment. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jindal S, Anand S, Huang K, Goddard J, Metzger L, Amamcharla J. Evaluation of modified stainless steel surfaces targeted to reduce biofilm formation by common milk sporeformers. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9502-9513. [PMID: 27692715 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of bacterial biofilms on stainless steel (SS) surfaces poses a great threat to the quality of milk and other dairy products as the biofilm-embedded bacteria can survive thermal processing. Established biofilms offer cleaning challenges because they are resistant to most of the regular cleaning protocols. Sporeforming thermoduric organisms entrapped within biofilm matrix can also form heat-resistant spores, and may result in a long-term persistent contamination. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different nonfouling coatings [AMC 18 (Advanced Materials Components Express, Lemont, PA), Dursan (SilcoTek Corporation, Bellefonte, PA), Ni-P-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Avtec Finishing Systems, New Hope, MN), and Lectrofluor 641 (General Magnaplate Corporation, Linden, NJ)] on SS plate heat exchanger surfaces, to resist the formation of bacterial biofilms. It was hypothesized that modified SS surfaces would promote a lesser amount of deposit buildup and bacterial adhesion as compared with the native SS surface. Vegetative cells of aerobic sporeformers, Geobacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 15952), Bacillus licheniformis (ATCC 6634), and Bacillus sporothermodurans (DSM 10599), were used to study biofilm development on the modified and native SS surfaces. The adherence of these organisms, though influenced by surface energy and hydrophobicity, exhibited no apparent relation with surface roughness. The Ni-P-PTFE coating exhibited the least bacterial attachment and milk solid deposition, and hence, was the most resistant to biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy, which was used to visualize the extent of biofilm formation on modified and native SS surfaces, also revealed lower bacterial attachment on the Ni-P-PTFE as compared with the native SS surface. This study thus provides evidence of reduced biofilm formation on the modified SS surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Jindal
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - Sanjeev Anand
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007.
| | - Kang Huang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01002
| | - Julie Goddard
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01002
| | - Lloyd Metzger
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
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Everard CD, Kim MS, Lee H. Assessment of a handheld fluorescence imaging device as an aid for detection of food residues on processing surfaces. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Huang K, McLandsborough LA, Goddard JM. Adhesion and removal kinetics of Bacillus cereus biofilms on Ni-PTFE modified stainless steel. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:523-533. [PMID: 27020838 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1160284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm control remains a challenge to food safety. A well-studied non-fouling coating involves codeposition of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) during electroless plating. This coating has been reported to reduce foulant build-up during pasteurization, but opportunities remain in demonstrating its efficacy in inhibiting biofilm formation. Herein, the initial adhesion, biofilm formation, and removal kinetics of Bacillus cereus on Ni-PTFE-modified stainless steel (SS) are characterized. Coatings lowered the surface energy of SS and reduced biofilm formation by > 2 log CFU cm(-2). Characterization of the kinetics of biofilm removal during cleaning demonstrated improved cleanability on the Ni-PTFE coated steel. There was no evidence of biofilm after cleaning by either solution on the Ni-PTFE coated steel, whereas more than 3 log and 1 log CFU cm(-2) of bacteria remained on the native steel after cleaning with water and an alkaline cleaner, respectively. This work demonstrates the potential application of Ni-PTFE non-fouling coatings on SS to improve food safety by reducing biofilm formation and improving the cleaning efficiency of food processing equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Huang
- a Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst, MA , USA
| | | | - Julie M Goddard
- a Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst, MA , USA
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Huang K, Goddard JM. Stability of nonfouling electroless nickel-polytetrafluoroethylene coatings after exposure to commercial dairy equipment sanitizers. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:5983-94. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Roos YH, Fryer PJ, Knorr D, Schuchmann HP, Schroën K, Schutyser MAI, Trystram G, Windhab EJ. Food Engineering at Multiple Scales: Case Studies, Challenges and the Future—A European Perspective. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-015-9125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lv H, Huang S, Mercadé-Prieto R, Wu XE, Chen XD. The effect of pre-adsorption of OVA or WPC on subsequent OVA or WPC fouling on heated stainless steel surface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 129:154-60. [PMID: 25863709 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fouling on the heat exchanger surface during food processing has been researched extensively due to its great importance in energy efficiency, product quality and food safety. The nature of heat exchanger surface has an effect on the initial deposition behavior and deposit removal behavior to some degree. Protein adsorption on surface is considered to be the initial stage in fouling. In the current study, protein 'pre-adsorption' at room temperature on stainless steel has been investigated as a means to influence the behavior of protein fouling at pasteurization temperatures. Pre-adsorption was carried out with whey protein concentrate (WPC) and ovalbumin (OVA), respectively, which reduced the fouling of OVA (∼20-30% energy saving in the processing time examined). However, the pre-adsorption had little effect on fouling of whey protein concentrate. Contact angles were measured to show the surface change due to protein pre-adsorption. Protein pre-adsorption made the surfaces more hydrophilic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Lv
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Song Huang
- Suzhou Key Lab of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou Industrial, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruben Mercadé-Prieto
- Suzhou Key Lab of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou Industrial, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xue E Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Xiao Dong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China; Suzhou Key Lab of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou Industrial, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Gomes da Cruz L, Ishiyama E, Boxler C, Augustin W, Scholl S, Wilson D. Value pricing of surface coatings for mitigating heat exchanger fouling. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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