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Bertini A, Iaccheri E, Magnani M, Badiani A, Bonaldo A, Ragni L, Berardinelli A. Nondestructive rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) freshness estimation by using an affordable open-ended coaxial technique. J Food Sci 2023. [PMID: 37129882 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a nondestructive device set up for a rapid and reliable freshness assessment of rainbow trout during 10 days of storage in ice was evaluated. The device was characterized by a vector network analyzer interfaced with an open coaxial probe to be placed in contact with the fish eye. The acquisition of the reflected scattering parameter (S11), which is the ratio between the amplitude of the reflected and the incident signal, was assessed in the 50 kHz-3 GHz spectral range. S11 is composed of a real part and an imaginary part, and both parts were used to predict quality index method for freshness evaluations. Partial least squares regression predictive models of the demerit scores related to fish eye attributes (eye pupil and eye shape) and the day of storage were set up. The main results showed that both the real and imaginary parts of the S11 decrease as a function of storage time. The combination with multivariate analysis allowed to set up predictive models of the storage time and the demerit scores with R2 values up to 0.946 (root mean square error [RMSE] = 0.88 days) and 0.942 (RMSE = 3.17 demerit scores related to the fish eyes attributes), respectively (external validation). According to our results, the proposed cheap solution appears a useful tool for the freshness assessment of rainbow trout. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This work shows that dielectric properties have the potential to discriminate stored fish according to their freshness quality. A device based on this principle can play a significant role in the postharvest processes, contributing to higher product quality and safety and supporting producers and retailers during the qualitative inspections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bertini
- Centre Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Eleonora Iaccheri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Martina Magnani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Anna Badiani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessio Bonaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Luigi Ragni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Annachiara Berardinelli
- Centre Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Povo, Italy
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Franceschelli L, Berardinelli A, Dabbou S, Ragni L, Tartagni M. Sensing Technology for Fish Freshness and Safety: A Review. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041373. [PMID: 33669188 PMCID: PMC7919655 DOI: 10.3390/s21041373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Standard analytical methods for fish freshness assessment are based on the measurement of chemical and physical attributes related to fish appearance, color, meat elasticity or texture, odor, and taste. These methods have plenty of disadvantages, such as being destructive, expensive, and time consuming. All these techniques require highly skilled operators. In the last decade, rapid advances in the development of novel techniques for evaluating food quality attributes have led to the development of non-invasive and non-destructive instrumental techniques, such as biosensors, e-sensors, and spectroscopic methods. The available scientific reports demonstrate that all these new techniques provide a great deal of information with only one test, making them suitable for on-line and/or at-line process control. Moreover, these techniques often require little or no sample preparation and allow sample destruction to be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Franceschelli
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Guglielmo Marconi-University of Bologna, Via Dell’Università, 50, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Annachiara Berardinelli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy;
- Centre Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, Via E. Mach, 1, S. Michele All’Adige, 38010 Trento, Italy;
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- Centre Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, Via E. Mach, 1, S. Michele All’Adige, 38010 Trento, Italy;
| | - Luigi Ragni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-Food Research, University of Bologna, Via Q. Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Marco Tartagni
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Guglielmo Marconi-University of Bologna, Via Dell’Università, 50, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
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Iaccheri E, Ragni L, Cevoli C, Romani S, Dalla Rosa M, Rocculi P. Glass transition of green and roasted coffee investigated by calorimetric and dielectric techniques. Food Chem 2019; 301:125187. [PMID: 31387041 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Solid and liquid components coexist into glassy and amorphous structures of food complex matrixes. Both states admit movements, promoting physical modifications to a more thermodynamically stable system. Green and roasted coffee beans are principally characterized by a glassy structure that slowly evolves during storage. The aim of this study was to assess calorimetric and dielectric properties in combination, as a useful multi-analytical technique to improve the understanding of the motion mechanism of localized molecules. After equilibration at different water activities (aw) for the determination of sorption isotherms of green and roasted coffee, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the samples has been measured by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Increasing the aw from 0.155 to 0.512, the Tg shifted from 48.76 (±0.04) to 34.89 (±0.02) °C for green coffee and from 45.73 (±0.05) to 40.15 (±0.10) °C for the roasted one. The spectroscopic fingerprint of the matrix has been determined by dielectric measurements in terms of "gain" spectra (related to the imaginary part of permittivity). The maximum values of the determination coefficient (R2), obtained by linear correlation between spectral data and water activity or glass transition values for a specific frequency of the whole range (1.6 GHz-2.7 GHz), were 0.999 and 0.943 for green, and 0.997 R2 and 0.925 R2 for roasted coffee respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Iaccheri
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy.
| | - Luigi Ragni
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy; Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Chiara Cevoli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Santina Romani
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy; Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Marco Dalla Rosa
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy; Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Pietro Rocculi
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy; Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy
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