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Beltrán Maza G, Gila Beltrán AM, Herrera MPA, Jiménez Márquez A, Sánchez-Ortiz A. Oxygen as a Possible Technological Adjuvant during the Crushing or the Malaxation Steps, or Both, for the Modulation of the Characteristics of Extra Virgin Olive Oil. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112170. [PMID: 37297415 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In commercial terms, Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) is considered an exceptional food with excellent sensory and nutritional quality due to its taste, odor, and bioactive compounds; as such, it is of great health interest. This quality can be affected by the oxidative degradation, both chemical and enzymatic (the activity of oxidative, endogenous enzymes from the polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase olive fruit type), of essential components during the extraction and conservation of EVOO. In the bibliography, oxygen reduction during the malaxation process and oil storage has been studied in different ways. However, research concerning oxygen reduction in the crushing of the olive fruit or the malaxation of the paste, or both, in the "real extraction condition" is scarce. Oxygen reduction has been compared to control conditions (the concentration of atmospheric oxygen (21%)). Batches of 200 kg of the olive fruit, 'Picual' cultivar, were used and the following treatments were applied: Control (21% O2 Mill-21% O2 Mixer), "IC-NM": Inerted crushing -Normal malaxation (6.25% O2 Mill-21% O2 Mixer), "NC-IM": Normal crushing-Inerted malaxation (21% O2 Mill-4.39% O2 Mixer) and "IC-IM": Inerted crushing -Inerted malaxation (5.5% O2 Mill-10.5% O2 Mixer). The parameters of commercial quality covered by regulation (free acidity, peroxide value and absorbency in ultra-violet (K232 and K270)) did not suffer any change concerning the control, and so the oils belong to the commercial category of "Extra Virgin Olive Oil". The phenolic compounds of the olives involved in the distinctive bitter and pungent taste, health properties, and oxidative stability are increased with the downsizing amounts of oxygen in the IC-NM, NC-IM, and IC-IM treatments with an average of 4, 10, and 20%, respectively. In contrast, the total amount of volatile compounds decreases by 10-20% in all oxygen reduction treatments. The volatile compounds arising from the lipoxygenase pathway, which are responsible for the green and fruity notes of EVOO, also decreased in concentration with the treatments by 15-20%. The results show how oxygen reduction in the milling and malaxation stages of olive fruit can modulate the content of phenols, volatile compounds, carotenoids, and chlorophyll pigments in the EVOO to avoid the degradation of the compound with sensorial and nutritional interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Beltrán Maza
- Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Agro-Industry and Food Quality Area, Center IFAPA Venta Del Llano, Mengíbar, 23620 Jaén, Spain
| | - Abraham M Gila Beltrán
- Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Agro-Industry and Food Quality Area, Center IFAPA Venta Del Llano, Mengíbar, 23620 Jaén, Spain
| | - María Paz Aguilera Herrera
- Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Agro-Industry and Food Quality Area, Center IFAPA Venta Del Llano, Mengíbar, 23620 Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Jiménez Márquez
- Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Agro-Industry and Food Quality Area, Center IFAPA Venta Del Llano, Mengíbar, 23620 Jaén, Spain
| | - Araceli Sánchez-Ortiz
- Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Agro-Industry and Food Quality Area, Center IFAPA Venta Del Llano, Mengíbar, 23620 Jaén, Spain
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Fluorescence Monitoring Oxidation of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Packed in Different Containers. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217254. [PMID: 36364080 PMCID: PMC9657777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
‘Picual’ olive oil was stored in different types of containers for 10 months and monitored via quality parameters. In combination with the mentioned analysis, non-destructive fluorescence spectroscopy was performed combined with multivariate analysis to monitor and quantify oil quality levels. Excitation emission matrices (EMMs) were analyzed using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). According to the quality parameters, it was observed that Transparent Crystal (TC) and Opaque Crystal (OC) samples were the ones that deteriorated faster due to their higher exposure to light in comparison with Plastic (P) and Canned (C) samples. In a fast and non-destructive manner, the fluorescence spectroscopy-based prototype successfully monitored the oxidation changes in the EVOOs. Unfolded partial least squares (U-PLS) was used to generate a regression model to quantify quality parameters. Good correlation coefficients were found for the peroxide index, K232 and the oxidative stability index (r2 between 0.90 and 0.94 for cross-validation and validation). For all of that, the results obtained confirmed the ability of fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor the quality of olive oil and EEMs combined with U-PLS can be used to analyze these parameters, eluding the classical methods.
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High vacuum applied during malaxation in oil industrial plant: Influence on virgin olive oil extractability and quality. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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The Use of a Cooling Crusher to Reduce the Temperature of Olive Paste and Improve EVOO Quality of Coratina, Peranzana, and Moresca Cultivars: Impact on Phenolic and Volatile Compounds. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA new technology used to reduce the temperature of olive paste was applied to the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) mechanical extraction process. The performance of a cooling crusher that was able to counteract the thermal increase that occurs during olive fruit grinding was analyzed to evaluate the effects on the development of volatile compounds and the concentration of hydrophilic phenols in the final product. The volatile profiles and phenolic fraction of EVOOs extracted from three different cultivars (Coratina, Peranzana, and Moresca) were positively affected by the use of lower temperatures during the crushing phase. The volatile fractions showed increases in the total aldehydes, mainly related to the concentrations of (E)-2-hexenal, and reductions in the total alcohols, mainly due to 1-penten-3-ol, 1-hexanol and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol contents. The use of a lower temperature reduced the level of oxidative processes, protecting the phenolic compounds in the Moresca and Peranzana EVOOs by 17.8 and 12.1%, respectively.
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Vallone M, Aiello G, Bono F, De Pasquale C, Presti G, Catania P. An Innovative Malaxer Equipped with SCADA Platform for Improving Extra Virgin Olive Oil Quality. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22062289. [PMID: 35336460 PMCID: PMC8948653 DOI: 10.3390/s22062289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture 4.0 is gaining more attention, and all companies are thinking about innovating machines to increase income and improve the quality of the final products. In the agro-food sector, there is space for innovation, as it is far behind the industrial sector. This paper reports an industrial-scale study on the application of an innovative system for the extraction of Sicilian EVOO (extra virgin olive oil) to improve both process management and the quality of the product. Based on previous studies, the authors suggested an innovative machine equipped with a SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition system) for oxygen and process duration monitoring and control. The objective of the research was thus to discuss the development of a SCADA platform applied to the malaxer and the establishment of an optimized approach to control the main process parameters for obtaining high-quality EVOO. The SCADA system application in the EVOO extraction process allowed a qualitative improvement of the Sicilian EVOO of Nocellara del Belice and Cerasuola cultivars. The use of the innovative system made it possible to increase the values of tocopherols (by about 25%) in Cerasuola cultivar and total phenol content (by about 30%) in Nocellara del Belice cultivar EVOOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Vallone
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Aiello
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Ed. 9, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Filippa Bono
- Department of Economics, Business and Statistics, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Ed. 13, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Claudio De Pasquale
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Giovanni Presti
- Chemical Laboratory of Palermo, Italian Customs and Monopolies Agency, Via Crispi, 143, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Pietro Catania
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (C.D.P.)
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Evaluation of Olive Oil Quality with Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312708. [PMID: 34884509 PMCID: PMC8657724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors, sensor arrays and biosensors, alongside chemometric instruments, have progressed remarkably of late, being used on a wide scale in the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of olive oil. Olive oil is a natural product of significant importance, since it is a rich source of bioactive compounds with nutritional and therapeutic properties, and its quality is important both for consumers and for distributors. This review aims at analysing the progress reported in the literature regarding the use of devices based on electrochemical (bio)sensors to evaluate the bioactive compounds in olive oil. The main advantages and limitations of these approaches on construction technique, analysed compounds, calculus models, as well as results obtained, are discussed in view of estimation of future progress related to achieving a portable, practical and rapid miniature device for analysing the quality of virgin olive oil (VOO) at different stages in the manufacturing process.
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A Review on High-Power Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Olive Oils: Effect on Oil Yield, Quality, Chemical Composition and Consumer Perception. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112743. [PMID: 34829023 PMCID: PMC8623436 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to illustrate the state of the art in high-power ultrasound (HPU) application for olive oil extraction with the most recent studies about the effects of HPU treatment on oil yield, quality, chemical composition, as well as on the consumer's perception. All the examined works reported an increase in oil yield and extractability index through the use of HPU, which was ascribed to reduced paste viscosity and cavitation-driven cell disruption. Olive oil legal quality was generally not affected; on the other hand, results regarding oil chemical composition were conflicting with some studies reporting an increase of phenols, tocopherols, and volatile compounds, while others underlined no significant effects to even slight reductions after HPU treatment. Regarding the acceptability of oils extracted through HPU processing, consumer perception is not negatively affected, as long as the marketer effectively delivers information about the positive effects of ultrasound on oil quality and sensory aspect. However, only a few consumers were willing to pay more, and hence the cost of the innovative extraction must be carefully evaluated. Since most of the studies confirm the substantial potential of HPU to reduce processing times, improve process sustainability and produce oils with desired nutritional and sensory quality, this review points out the need for industrial scale-up of such innovative technology.
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Ablay ÖD, Özdikicierler O, Saygın Gümüşkesen A. Optimization of Ultrasound‐Assisted Alkali Neutralization in the Refining of Safflower Oil to Minimize the Loss of Bioactive Compounds. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Devrim Ablay
- Food Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Ege University İzmir 35100 Turkey
| | - Onur Özdikicierler
- Food Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Ege University İzmir 35100 Turkey
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Impact of Emerging Technologies on Virgin Olive Oil Processing, Consumer Acceptance, and the Valorization of Olive Mill Wastes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030417. [PMID: 33803305 PMCID: PMC8001921 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing consumer preference for high quality extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) with health-promoting and sensory properties that are associated with a higher content of phenolic and volatile compounds. To meet this demand, several novel and emerging technologies are being under study to be applied in EVOO production. This review provides an update of the effect of emerging technologies (pulsed electric fields, high pressure, ultrasound, and microwave treatment), compared to traditional EVOO extraction, on yield, quality, and/or content of some minor compounds and bioactive components, including phenolic compounds, tocopherols, chlorophyll, and carotenoids. In addition, the consumer acceptability of EVOO is discussed. Finally, the application of these emerging technologies in the valorization of olive mill wastes, whose generation is of concern due to its environmental impact, is also addressed.
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Gila A, Sánchez-Ortiz A, Jiménez A, Beltrán G. The ultrasound application does not affect to the thermal properties and chemical composition of virgin olive oils. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 70:105320. [PMID: 32890985 PMCID: PMC7786558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effects of high power ultrasound treatment (40 kHz) on virgin olive oil (VOO) for different times (0, 15, 30 min) were studied, in order to verify if extent modifications in their chemical composition and thermal properties. The effects of the different ultrasound treatments on VOOs were determined considering the following parameters: quality index (free acidity, K232 and K270), lipid profile (fatty acids and triglycerides composition) minor components (phenols, tocopherols, pigments and volatiles) and thermal properties (crystallization and melting) by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). During the ultrasound treatments, bubbles growth was present in the VOO due to the phenomenon of cavitation and a slight increase of the temperature was observed. In general, the ultrasound treatments did not cause alterations on VOO parameters evaluated (oxidation state, lipid profile, minor components and thermal profiles). However, a slight decrease was observed in some volatile compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Gila
- IFAPA Centro "Venta del Llano", Junta de Andalucía, P.O. Box 50, Mengíbar, Jaén E-23620, Spain.
| | - Araceli Sánchez-Ortiz
- IFAPA Centro "Venta del Llano", Junta de Andalucía, P.O. Box 50, Mengíbar, Jaén E-23620, Spain
| | - Antonio Jiménez
- IFAPA Centro "Venta del Llano", Junta de Andalucía, P.O. Box 50, Mengíbar, Jaén E-23620, Spain
| | - Gabriel Beltrán
- IFAPA Centro "Venta del Llano", Junta de Andalucía, P.O. Box 50, Mengíbar, Jaén E-23620, Spain
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11
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Macaluso M, Taglieri I, Venturi F, Sanmartin C, Bianchi A, De Leo M, Braca A, Quartacci MF, Zinnai A. Influence of the Atmosphere Composition during Malaxation and Storage on the Shelf Life of an Unfiltered Extra Virgin Olive Oil: Preliminary Results. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Macaluso
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment University of Pisa Via del Borghetto 80 Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Isabella Taglieri
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment University of Pisa Via del Borghetto 80 Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Francesca Venturi
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment University of Pisa Via del Borghetto 80 Pisa 56124 Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health,” University of Pisa Via del Borghetto 80 Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Chiara Sanmartin
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment University of Pisa Via del Borghetto 80 Pisa 56124 Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health,” University of Pisa Via del Borghetto 80 Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Alessandro Bianchi
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment University of Pisa Via del Borghetto 80 Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Department of Pharmacy University of Pisa Via Bonanno Pisano Pisa 656126 Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Department of Pharmacy University of Pisa Via Bonanno Pisano Pisa 656126 Italy
| | - Mike Frank Quartacci
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment University of Pisa Via del Borghetto 80 Pisa 56124 Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health,” University of Pisa Via del Borghetto 80 Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Angela Zinnai
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment University of Pisa Via del Borghetto 80 Pisa 56124 Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health,” University of Pisa Via del Borghetto 80 Pisa 56124 Italy
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12
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Taticchi A, Esposto S, Veneziani G, Minnocci A, Urbani S, Selvaggini R, Sordini B, Daidone L, Sebastiani L, Servili M. High vacuum-assisted extraction affects virgin olive oil quality: Impact on phenolic and volatile compounds. Food Chem 2020; 342:128369. [PMID: 33143966 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
High vacuum technology has been incorporated into a new assisted extraction system applied to virgin olive oil (VOO) processing, which was tested at a lab-scale pilot plant to evaluate its impact on the physicochemical properties of the olive paste and oil. The vacuum system induced changes in the mechanical and structural properties of the olive cells, improving the coalescence of the oil droplets due to substantial cellular and intracellular mass transfer during the process, as shown by cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM) analysis. The effects on the quality characteristics of VOOs extracted from three cultivars at different malaxation temperatures were evaluated. A significant increase in the phenolic content, from 25.2% to 48.6%, was observed. The content of volatile compounds responsible for the VOO flavor decreased as a function of malaxation temperature. The reduction of some volatile molecules related to the VOO off-flavor (ethanol, ethyl acetate and acetic acid) was also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Taticchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sonia Esposto
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Veneziani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Minnocci
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Urbani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Selvaggini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Sordini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Daidone
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Sebastiani
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Servili
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Lammi C, Mulinacci N, Cecchi L, Bellumori M, Bollati C, Bartolomei M, Franchini C, Clodoveo ML, Corbo F, Arnoldi A. Virgin Olive Oil Extracts Reduce Oxidative Stress and Modulate Cholesterol Metabolism: Comparison between Oils Obtained with Traditional and Innovative Processes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090798. [PMID: 32867071 PMCID: PMC7555338 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at demonstrating the substantial equivalence of two extra virgin olive oil samples extracted from the same batch of Coratina olives with (OMU) or without (OMN) using ultrasound technology, by performing chemical, biochemical, and cellular investigations. The volatile organic compounds compositions and phenolic profiles were very similar, showing that, while increasing the extraction yields, the innovative process does not change these features. The antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic activities of the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenol extracts were also preserved, since OMU and OMN had equivalent abilities to scavenge the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radicals in vitro and to protect HepG2 cells from oxidative stress induced by H2O2, reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels. In addition, by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme a reductase, both samples modulated the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) pathway leading to increased LDLR protein levels and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (M.B.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-025-031-9372
| | - Nadia Mulinacci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy; (N.M.); (L.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy; (N.M.); (L.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Bellumori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy; (N.M.); (L.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (M.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Martina Bartolomei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (M.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Carlo Franchini
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Aldo Moro Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (C.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University Aldo Moro Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Aldo Moro Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (C.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (M.B.); (A.A.)
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14
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Bianchi B, Tamborrino A, Giametta F, Squeo G, Difonzo G, Catalano P. Modified Rotating Reel for Malaxer Machines: Assessment of Rheological Characteristics, Energy Consumption, Temperature Profile, and Virgin Olive Oil Quality. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060813. [PMID: 32575681 PMCID: PMC7353554 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of food products are the result of changes produced in raw materials as a result of process treatments. In the olive oil extraction process, these changes can be observed as differences in quality, nutritional characteristics, taste, and flavor, and are especially due to the time and temperature of the malaxation phase. These parameters are closely related to the mechanical design of malaxer machines. In this study, a new reel model for malaxer machines was designed. The new model was incorporated into an industrial malaxer machine and experimental tests were carried out to study the effects of two different reel designs (modified and unmodified profile) on the rheological characteristics of olive paste, the energy consumption of the plant, and the temperature profile inside the machine. The main commercial parameters of the produced olive oil were studied, as well as the extraction yield and the extraction efficiency of the plant. The malaxer machine equipped with the modified reel showed better homogenization of the paste, which led to improved heat exchange and rheological properties. The results of this study showed that a specific modification of the rotating reel can improve the performance of the malaxer in terms of improving the viscosity of the paste, 127,157.67 (mPa sn) for the malaxer with the modified reel at the beginning of malaxation, reaching a final value of 64,626.00 (mPa sn) at the end. The unmodified malaxer showed an initial viscosity coefficient of 133,754.00 (mPa sn) and a final value of 111,990.67 (mPa sn). This led to a reduction in malaxing times, an increase in the work capacity of the plant, and a reduction in total energy consumption and slowed down the oxidative phenomena responsible for the decrease in the quality of olive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Bianchi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Antonia Tamborrino
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (G.S.); Tel.: +39-0805443122 (A.T.); +39-0805442272 (G.S.)
| | - Ferruccio Giametta
- Department of Agriculture, Environment and Food, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis. n.c., 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Giacomo Squeo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Food Science and Technology Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (G.S.); Tel.: +39-0805443122 (A.T.); +39-0805442272 (G.S.)
| | - Graziana Difonzo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Food Science and Technology Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Catalano
- Department of Agriculture, Environment and Food, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis. n.c., 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (F.G.); (P.C.)
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Kehinde BA, Sharma P, Kaur S. Recent nano-, micro- and macrotechnological applications of ultrasonication in food-based systems. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:599-621. [PMID: 32208850 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1740646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a neoteric and rising demand for nutritional and functional foods which behooves food processors to adopt processing techniques with optimal conservation of bioactive components in foods and with minimal pernicious impacts on the environment. Ultrasonication, a mechanochemical technique has proven to be an efficacious panacea to these concerns. In this review, an analytic exploration of recent researches and designs regarding ultrasound methodology and equipment on diverse food systems, technological scales, procedural parameters and outcomes of such experimentations optimally scrutinized. The relative effects of ultrasonication on food formulations, components and attributes such as nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, proteins, micronutrients, sensory and mechanical characteristics are evaluatively delineated. In food systems where ultrasonication was employed, it was found to have a remarkable effect on one or more quality parameters. This review is a supplementation to the pedagogical awareness to scholars on the suitability of ultrasonication for research procedures, and a call to industrial food brands on the adoption of this technique for the development of foods with optimally sustained nutrient profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bababode Adesegun Kehinde
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Poorva Sharma
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sawinder Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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16
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Iqdiam BM, Welt BA, Goodrich-Schneider R, Sims CA, Baker GL, Marshall MR. Influence of headspace oxygen on quality and shelf life of extra virgin olive oil during storage. Food Packag Shelf Life 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Ojha KS, Aznar R, O'Donnell C, Tiwari BK. Ultrasound technology for the extraction of biologically active molecules from plant, animal and marine sources. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Pulsed Electric Fields for the Treatment of Olive Pastes in the Oil Extraction Process. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app10010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of pulsed electric field (PEF) technology to improve the extractability and enhance the oil quality in an industrial olive oil extraction process. Using a PEF device on olive pastes significantly increased the extractability from 79.5% for the control, up to 85.5%. The PEF system did not modify the primary legal quality parameters or total concentrations of phenols, aldehydes, and esters. On the contrary, the non-thermal treatment slightly enhanced the dialdehydic forms of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid linked to hydroxytyrosol (3,4-DHPEA-EDA) and tyrosol (p-HPEA-EDA), and decreased the total saturated and unsaturated C5 and C6 alcohols of the PEF EVOO (Extra Virgin Olive Oil) compared to the control test. This study confirmed that PEF technology can improve olive oil extraction and quality.
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