1
|
Bellil Z, Meyer S, Tilloy V, Mairi A, De Champs C, Barraud O, Touati A. Prevalence and Genomic Investigation of Salmonella Isolates Associated with Watermelons and Their Environmental Reservoirs in Bejaia, Algeria. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024. [PMID: 38502796 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted in Bejaia, Algeria, to determine the presence of Salmonella in fresh watermelon (n = 105), soil (n = 23), and irrigation water samples (n = 17) collected from two different farms. After isolation, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, serotype determination, multilocus sequence typing, antimicrobial resistance genes detection, and whole genome sequencing were performed. Twenty watermelon samples (19%) were contaminated with Salmonella, but none were found in the soil or irrigation water. Among the 20 Salmonella isolates, 2 serovars were identified (Salmonella Liverpool and Salmonella Anatum), belonging to sequence types ST1959 and ST64, respectively. Ten Salmonella isolates showed significant resistance to nalidixic acid, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin but were susceptible to all other antibiotics. The coexistence of point mutations (parC:p.T57S) in Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions and the qnrB19 gene may contribute to quinolone resistance. The study identified 164 virulence genes in the Salmonella isolates. Our study found Salmonella in fresh watermelon during the preharvest season in Bejaia, Algeria. Our study indicates a relatively high prevalence of Salmonella on watermelon samples before harvest. Although we cannot directly compare our results with previous studies, it is crucial to recognize that the absence of comprehensive comparative data underscores the need for further research and surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bellil
- Université de Bejaia, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Sylvain Meyer
- Université de Limoges, INSERM, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, U1092, Limoges, France
| | - Valentin Tilloy
- CNR Herpesvirus, UF 9481 Bioinformatique, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Assia Mairi
- Université de Bejaia, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Christophe De Champs
- INSERM UMR-S 1250 P3Cell, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière-Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - Olivier Barraud
- Université de Limoges, INSERM, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, U1092, Limoges, France
| | - Abdelaziz Touati
- Université de Bejaia, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Bejaia, Algérie
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thomas GA, Paradell Gil T, Müller CT, Rogers HJ, Berger CN. From field to plate: How do bacterial enteric pathogens interact with ready-to-eat fruit and vegetables, causing disease outbreaks? Food Microbiol 2024; 117:104389. [PMID: 37919001 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Ready-to-eat fruit and vegetables are a convenient source of nutrients and fibre for consumers, and are generally safe to eat, but are vulnerable to contamination with human enteric bacterial pathogens. Over the last decade, Salmonella spp., pathogenic Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes have been linked to most of the bacterial outbreaks of foodborne illness associated with fresh produce. The origins of these outbreaks have been traced to multiple sources of contamination from pre-harvest (soil, seeds, irrigation water, domestic and wild animal faecal matter) or post-harvest operations (storage, preparation and packaging). These pathogens have developed multiple processes for successful attachment, survival and colonization conferring them the ability to adapt to multiple environments. However, these processes differ across bacterial strains from the same species, and across different plant species or cultivars. In a competitive environment, additional risk factors are the plant microbiome phyllosphere and the plant responses; both factors directly modulate the survival of the pathogens on the leaf's surface. Understanding the mechanisms involved in bacterial attachment to, colonization of, and proliferation, on fresh produce and the role of the plant in resisting bacterial contamination is therefore crucial to reducing future outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth A Thomas
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Teresa Paradell Gil
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Carsten T Müller
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Hilary J Rogers
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Cedric N Berger
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moore HL, Aabye M, Hoban A, Rosner B, Lefevre SK, Litrup E, Müller L, Ethelberg S, Simon S, Balasegaram S, Larkin L, Jernberg C, Takkinen J. Multinational collaboration in solving a European Salmonella Braenderup outbreak linked to imported melons, 2021. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2300273. [PMID: 38179625 PMCID: PMC10905663 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.1.2300273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A genomic cluster of Salmonella Braenderup ST22, a serovar of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica which causes symptoms of gastrointestinal illness, was notified by Danish authorities to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) on 3 May 2021. By 6 July 2021, S. Braenderup outbreak cases (n = 348) had been reported from 12 countries in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and the United Kingdom (UK), including 68 hospitalised cases. With support from affected EU/EEA countries, and in partnership with the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), ECDC established an international outbreak investigation team to rapidly identify the source and prevent outbreak spread. Consumption information was shared with affected countries through a standard line list, revealing that 124 of 197 cases (63%) reported having eaten (any) melons within 7 days prior to disease onset. The speed and completeness of the investigation, which identified the outbreak vehicle as galia melons imported from Honduras in June 2021, was a direct result of extensive collaboration and information sharing between countries' national food safety and public health authorities. This article describes the outbreak and the benefits, successes, and challenges of multi-country collaboration for consideration in future large foodborne outbreaks across Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Moore
- UK Field Epidemiology Training Program (UK FETP), UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
- UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martine Aabye
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish Health Authority, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann Hoban
- UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Eva Litrup
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luise Müller
- UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steen Ethelberg
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Cecilia Jernberg
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Takkinen
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Horefti E. The Importance of the One Health Concept in Combating Zoonoses. Pathogens 2023; 12:977. [PMID: 37623937 PMCID: PMC10460008 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12080977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
One Health fundamentally acknowledges that human health is linked to animal health and the environment. One of the pillars One Health is built on is zoonoses. Through the years, zoonotic infections have caused numerous outbreaks and pandemics, as well as millions of fatalities, with the COVID-19 pandemic being the latest one. Apart from the consequences to public health, zoonoses also affect society and the economy. Since its establishment, One Health has contributed significantly to the protection of humans, animals, and the environment, through preparedness, surveillance, and mitigation of such public dangers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Horefti
- Public Health Laboratories and Diagnostic Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|