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Yu Z, Wu X, Zhu J, Jin J, Zhao Y, Yu L. Trends in Topical Prescriptional Therapy for Old Patients With Dry Eye Disease in Six Major Areas of China: 2013-2019. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:690640. [PMID: 34447308 PMCID: PMC8383279 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.690640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) in old patients are high, corresponding to a substantial economic burden. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the trends in the topical prescriptional treatment of old patients with DED in six major areas of China. Information on topical drug prescriptions for DED patients aged above 60 years was extracted from the Hospital Prescription Analysis Cooperative Program of China database. Trends in yearly prescriptions and cost were analyzed. The data were further stratified by patient age and sex, drug class, and specific drug. A total of 130,734 prescriptions from 52 hospitals located in six major areas of China were analyzed. The number of prescripptions per year for patients with DED increased from 13,308 in 2013 to 22,074 in 2019, with a corresponding increase in cost of all topical drugs from 1,490,014 Chinese Yuan (CNY) to 2,618,206 CNY. Drugs for the treatment of DED accounted for the largest proportion of the total cost in each year. Ocular lubricants were the main pharmacotherapy agent. Sodium hyaluronate use increased over time, and the drug was used by 65.9% of patients by the end of the study. Pranoprofen was the second most frequently used drug. The most frequently used drugs for co-incident disease were antimicrobials. Treatment patterns for DED haven’t changed, and the most frequently used drug combination was sodium hyaluronate and pranoprofen. In summary, prescription for old patients with DED and the cost of treatment are increasing. Ocular lubricants are the main treatment option, while sodium hyaluronate is the most frequently used drug. The observed trends can lead to more efficient allocation of health care resources in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaoxing Shangyu People's Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaoxing Shangyu People's Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, China.,Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyan Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Antibiotic prescription for endodontic infections among Italian dental practitioners: what is the extent of over-prescription? Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0091421. [PMID: 34252306 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00914-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Objectives of this study were to evaluate the pattern of antibiotic prescription for endodontic infections (EIs) among Italian dental practitioners (DPs), and to explore the role of potential predictors of antibiotic over-prescription. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted between 1st April to 30th October 2019 using a structured questionnaire. Information was gathered on demographics and professional characteristics, and practices regarding antibiotic prescription both for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Results: Of the 1250 invited DPs, 563 answered the general questionnaire (response rate 52.6%). The proportions of DPs who prescribed an antibiotic without indication for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes is 33.3% and 30.2%, respectively. The acute alveolar abscess without systemic involvement represents the clinical scenario at high risk of over-prescription for therapeutic purposes. Possible predictors of over-prescribing included demographics and professional characteristics, and it was found to be higher in EIs without indication than in the cases in which the prescription is indicated for therapeutic purposes. The odds of over-prescription for prophylactic purposes were higher in the cases of acute apical periodontitis and lower in the cases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis compared with acute and chronic alveolar abscess, in which the prescription is indicated. Conclusions: The main findings of the present study provide an up-to-date insight about the pattern of antibiotic prescriptions for EIs and evidence useful to identify opportunities to reduce over-prescription among DPs through tailored interventions. The development of practical antibiotic prescribing guidelines with a clear description of indications and regimens ease of use is strongly needed.
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Walsh LJ, Ford PJ, McGuire T, van Driel M, Hollingworth SA. Trends in Australian dental prescribing of antibiotics: 2005-2016. Aust Dent J 2021; 66 Suppl 1:S37-S41. [PMID: 33893647 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prescribing of antibiotics by dentists for surgical prophylaxis or as an adjunct to managing dental infections is a substantial part of the overall landscape for prescribed antibiotics in health care settings. METHODS We explored trends in the antibiotic prescribing patterns of Australian dentists over the 12-year period, 2005-2016. We obtained data on dispensed prescriptions of antibiotics from registered dentists subsidized on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. RESULTS Australian dentists were responsible for almost 7 million dispensed prescriptions of antibiotics over 12 years; an average of 24 prescriptions per year per dentist. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic was amoxicillin, followed by amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and metronidazole. These top three antibiotics constituted more than 80% of all antibiotics prescribed and their use increased dramatically over time. There was a large increase in the prescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics over time, most of which occurred from 2011 to 2016. CONCLUSIONS Excessive prescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics runs contrary to national antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives and guidelines. Multifaceted educational strategies are essential to align prescribing with current best practice. High-level evidence to inform clear guidelines on antibiotic prescribing in dental infections, with audit and feedback, should reduce the inappropriate use of antibiotics in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Walsh
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - P J Ford
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - T McGuire
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia.,Mater Pharmacy, Mater Health, South East Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - M van Driel
- Primary Care Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - S A Hollingworth
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Gonzalez A, Miñán AG, Grillo CA, Prieto ED, Schilardi PL, Fernández Lorenzo de Mele MA. Characterization and antimicrobial effect of a bioinspired thymol coating formed on titanium surface by one-step immersion treatment. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1495-1507. [PMID: 32988646 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an antimicrobial and anti-adherent thymol (TOH)-containing coating on titanium (Ti) by a bioinspired one-step biocompatible method. METHODS A nanolayer of adsorbed TOH (TOH-NL-Ti) was formed by an easy deep coating method on Ti surface. The treatment consists in a simple one-step immersion process in a TOH-containing solution. Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), potentiodynamic electrochemical technique, open circuit potential records, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and measurements of TOH release were used to characterize TOH-NL-Ti. Live/Dead staining and plate counting were employed to quantify attached and living adhered bacteria, respectively. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in fibroblastic and pre-osteoblastic cell lines were evaluated by acridine orange staining and MTT assay, respectively. RESULTS TOH adsorbed on TOH-NL-Ti was detected by ATR-FTIR and electrochemical techniques. ATR-FTIR results showed that TOH nanofilms development involves spontaneous production of ketonic structures on Ti surface. AFM analysis revealed that the thickness of the TOH-NL was below 80 nm. Finally, microbiological assays confirmed that TOH-NL-Ti can inhibit the adhesion and kill attached bacteria leading to the eradication of leaving cells on its surface. After 24 h of biocidal release, the antimicrobial effect is also significant (a decrease of 3 orders in the number of attached bacteria). SIGNIFICANCE The formation of TOH-NL-Ti nanolayer is a simple strategy able to be applied by not specially trained personnel, to reduce implant infection risks, ensure highly effective antimicrobial action and inhibition of bacterial adhesion on Ti surfaces without showing toxic effects for pre-osteoblastic and fibroblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata- CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Alejandro Guillermo Miñán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata- CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Claudia Alejandra Grillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata- CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo Daniel Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata- CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Patricia Laura Schilardi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata- CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Mónica Alicia Fernández Lorenzo de Mele
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata- CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 1, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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Discrepancy in Therapeutic and Prophylactic Antibiotic Prescribing in General Dentists and Maxillofacial Specialists in Australia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080492. [PMID: 32784644 PMCID: PMC7459474 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are concerns that general dentists (GDs) and dental specialists may be prescribing antibiotics inappropriately. This study explored the prescribing habits and decision-making processes of GDs versus oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFSs). A case-based online questionnaire was used to examine the prescribing of therapeutic and prophylactic antibiotics in two clinical scenarios. Stratified and systematic sampling strategies were implemented to provide a representative sample. The final valid sample was 60 GDs and 18 OMFSs. The majority of OMFSs (61.1%) routinely prescribed antibiotics for the surgical removal of third molars, which was significantly greater than for GDs (23.5%). For implant placement procedures, 72.2% of OMFSs and 62.1% of GDs prescribed antibiotics. Amoxicillin was the most selected agent for both scenarios. All OMFSs would prescribe antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in both cases, but only 56.0–63.0% of GDs would do this. GDs based prescribing decisions primarily on information from prescribing guides, while OMFSs relied more on information gained from specialist training. Surgical prophylaxis protocols differed considerably between groups. Both groups used surgical prophylaxis for some situations that are outside current recommendations. Education with regards to discrepancies between clinical practice and current guidelines for antimicrobial therapy is needed to progress antimicrobial stewardship.
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Arteagoitia I, Rodríguez-Andrés C, Rodríguez-Sánchez F. Antibiotic prophylaxis habits in dental implant surgery among dentists in Spain. A cross-sectional survey. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2018; 23:e608-e618. [PMID: 30148475 PMCID: PMC6167099 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of antibiotics to prevent dental implant failures and postoperative infections remains a controversial issue. The objectives of this study were to assess the current antibiotic prescribing patterns and antibiotic prescribing frequency of dentists in Biscay (Spain) in conjunction with routine dental implant surgery among healthy patients and to determine whether any consensus has been reached by such practitioners and last published evidence was being followed. MATERIAL AND METHODS Observational cross-sectional study: electronic survey. This study was reported according to the STROBE guidelines. This anonymous questionnaire contained open-ended and close-ended questions. An email was sent 26 October 2017 to all the registered members of the Biscay dentists' College (n=989). The collected data were analyzed using STATA® 14 software, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the frequency of prescription for each antibiotic regimen. RESULTS The survey was responded to by a total of 233 participants (response rate=23.56%). Overall, 210 participants finished the survey completely, and 23 surveys were answered partially. The questionnaire was responded to by 122 females (58.1%) and 88 males (41.9%). Of the participants, 88% (n=207) always routinely prescribed prophylactic antibiotics in conjunction with dental implant surgery (95% CI: 84.79-92.88%). Approximately 9% (n=22) prescribed antibiotics sometimes (95% CI: 5.68-13.19%), and only 4 dentists (1.72%) never prescribed antibiotics (95% CI: 0.04-3.38%). Overall, 179 of 233 respondents prescribed both pre- and postoperative antibiotics (78.85%, 95% CI: 72.96-83.97%), 13 prescribed antibiotics only preoperatively (5.73%, 95% CI: 3.08-9.59%), and 35 prescribed antibiotics exclusively after routine dental implant surgery (15.42%, 95% CI: 10.98-20.78%). CONCLUSIONS Most of the dentists working in Biscay routinely prescribe prophylactic antibiotics in conjunction with dental implant surgery among healthy patients. A large range of prophylactic regimens are prescribed and the most recently published evidence is not being followed.
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Oteri G, Panzarella V, Marcianò A, Di Fede O, Maniscalco L, Peditto M, Campisi G. Appropriateness in Dentistry: A Survey Discovers Improper Procedures in Oral Medicine and Surgery. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:3245324. [PMID: 30123271 PMCID: PMC6079469 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3245324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess appropriateness of diagnostic exams, treatments, and procedures among Italian dental practitioners. MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire with multiple responses on topics of dentistry and oral medicine was administered to a sample of 198 Italian dental practitioners. Information on characteristics of the respondents was also collected. Descriptive statistics and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) were applied. Data were analyzed using R software (version 3.3.2). RESULTS The survey respondents included Doctors of Medicine (MD) (54/198 = 27%) with or without specialty in dentistry (33% versus 67%), Doctors of Dental Surgery (DDS) (144/198 = 73%), DDS with specialty in orthodontics (7%), and DDS with specialty in oral surgery (4%). Mandatory procedures in dental and oral medicine education and training include (a) prescription of antibiotics before/after oral surgery procedures; (b) prevention strategies for oral cancer, and (c) prescription of dental X-ray examinations (41%, 52%, and 48%, resp.). CONCLUSION On examining the results of the survey, it is evident that information and implementation of the above mentioned procedures are crucially needed. Our results confirm the necessity to reduce inappropriate practices in dentistry, implementing formation and information, leading to correct prescriptions, and optimizing patients' oral health. This coincides with the Italian Slow Medicine program entitled "Fare di più non significa fare meglio-Choosing Wisely Italy," which has also motivated this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Oteri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria University Hospital “Gaetano Martino”, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Vera Panzarella
- Department of Sensorineural and Movement Surgery, Oral Medicine and Dentistry for Patients with Special Needs, University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonia Marcianò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria University Hospital “Gaetano Martino”, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Olga Di Fede
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, via Liborio Giuffrè 5, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Maniscalco
- Department of Sensorineural and Movement Surgery, Oral Medicine and Dentistry for Patients with Special Needs, University of Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Peditto
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria University Hospital “Gaetano Martino”, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Campisi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, via Liborio Giuffrè 5, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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Jané-Salas E, Roselló-LLabrés X, Jané-Pallí E, Mishra S, Ayuso-Montero R, López-López J. Open flap versus flapless placement of dental implants. A randomized controlled pilot trial. Odontology 2018; 106:340-348. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-018-0343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Preus HR, Fredriksen KW, Vogsland AE, Sandvik L, Grytten JI. Antibiotic-prescribing habits among Norwegian dentists: a survey over 25 years (1990-2015). Eur J Oral Sci 2017; 125:280-287. [PMID: 28653438 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial antibiotic resistance is a steadily growing global problem, which today is compared with issues such as global warming, ozone depletion, and extinction of species. Consequently, calls come from global, Pan-European, and national authorities to gain insight into, limit, and stringently qualify the use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine, as well as in food production. Dentists are not considered to be frequent prescribers of antibiotics. However, few studies have identified how much, and in which situations, dentists prescribe such drugs. The aims of the present study were to survey Norwegian dentists' antibiotic-prescribing habits in 2015 and to compare the findings with previous studies (1990 and 2004) and with the actual numbers of dispensed prescriptions obtained from the 'Norwegian National Prescription Register'. The results from 1990 to 2004 show that there was a general increase in antibiotic prescriptions by Norwegian dentists, followed by a reduction or flattening of the prescription volume curve from 2004 to 2015. Despite this, possibilities for further improvements have been identified and recommendations given for targeted campaigns to reduce the prescription volume in dentistry by a further 30%, which has been ordered by the Norwegian National Assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans R Preus
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karen W Fredriksen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea E Vogsland
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leiv Sandvik
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jostein I Grytten
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Posnick JC, Choi E, Chavda A. Surgical Site Infections Following Bimaxillary Orthognathic, Osseous Genioplasty, and Intranasal Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 75:584-595. [PMID: 27746257 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Frequency estimates of surgical site infection (SSI) after orthognathic surgery vary considerably. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and site of SSIs and associated risk factors after bimaxillary orthognathic, osseous genioplasty, and intranasal surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors executed a retrospective cohort study of patients with a bimaxillary developmental dentofacial deformity (DFD) and symptomatic chronic obstructive nasal breathing. All patients underwent at a minimum Le Fort I osteotomy, bilateral sagittal ramus osteotomies (SROs), septoplasty, inferior turbinate reduction, and osseous genioplasty. The primary outcome variable studied was the incidence and site of SSI. Predictor variables were type and extent of prophylactic antibiotic used, demographic (age and gender), and anatomic (pattern of DFD, surgical site, and presence of third molar). RESULTS Two hundred sixty-two patients met the inclusion criteria. Their average age at surgery was 25 years (range, 13 to 63 yr) and there were 134 female patients (51%). The major presenting patterns of DFD included long face (30%) and maxillary deficiency (25%). Forty percent of patients undergoing an SRO and 47% of those undergoing a Le Fort I osteotomy underwent simultaneous removal of a third molar. Ninety percent of patients received cefazolin or cephalexin antibiotics. Overall, 5 of 1,048 (0.5%) osteotomy sites sustained an infection, including 1 chin and 4 ramus SSIs. There were no delays in bone healing. Fixation hardware removal was not required in any patient who developed an infection. Two of the 25 patients (8%) given clindamycin prophylaxis developed an SSI, whereas 3 of 237 patients (1%) receiving cefazolin did. Three of the 4 patients who developed an SRO SSI underwent simultaneous removal of an erupted or partially erupted mandibular third molar (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the incidence of SSI was limited to 1% of patients who were given cefazolin or cephalexin extended for 5 days. The removal of an erupted or partially erupted mandibular third molar in conjunction with an SRO was associated with risk of SSI, but the incidence remains low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Posnick
- Director, Posnick Center for Facial Plastic Surgery, Chevy Chase, MD; Clinical Professor, Department of Surgery and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Clinical Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD; Adjunct Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Howard University College of Dentistry, Washington, DC.
| | - Elbert Choi
- California Oral Surgery and Implantology, Stockton, CA; Stanislaus Oral Surgery and Implantology, Modesto, CA; Former Chief Resident, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Anish Chavda
- Chief Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC
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