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Guragain M, Schmidt JW, Bagi LK, Paoli GC, Kalchayanand N, Bosilevac JM. Antibiotic Resistance and Disinfectant Resistance Among Escherichia coli Isolated During Red Meat Production. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100288. [PMID: 38697484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli commonly found in the gastrointestinal tracts of food animals include Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC, stx+, eae-), Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC, stx+, eae+), Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC, stx-, eae+), and "nondiarrheagenic" E. coli (NDEC, stx-, eae-). EHEC, EPEC, and STEC are associated with foodborne disease outbreaks. During meat processing, disinfectants are employed to control various bacteria, including human pathogens. Concerns exist that E. coli resistant to antibiotics are less susceptible to disinfectants used during meat processing. Since EHEC, EPEC, and STEC with reduced susceptibility to disinfectants are potential public health risks, the goal of this study was to evaluate the association of antibiotic resistant (ABR) E. coli with increased tolerance to 4% lactic acid (LA) and 150 ppm quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). A pool of 3,367 E. coli isolated from beef cattle, veal calves, swine, and sheep at various processing stages was screened to identify ABR E. coli. Resistance to ≥1 of the six antibiotics examined was identified in 27.9%, 36.1%, 54.5%, and 28.7% among the NDEC (n = 579), EHEC (n = 693), EPEC (n = 787), and STEC (n = 1308) isolates evaluated, respectively. Disinfectant tolerance did not differ (P > 0.05) between ABR and antibiotic susceptible EHEC isolates. Comparable frequencies (P > 0.05) of biofilm formation or congo red binding were observed between ABR and antibiotic susceptible strains of E. coli. Understanding the frequencies of ABR and disinfectant tolerance among E. coli present in food-animal is a critically important component of meat safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manita Guragain
- Characterization and Interventions for Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA, USA.
| | - John W Schmidt
- Meat Safety and Quality Research Unit, Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, NE, USA
| | - Lori K Bagi
- Characterization and Interventions for Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - George C Paoli
- Characterization and Interventions for Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - Norasak Kalchayanand
- Meat Safety and Quality Research Unit, Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, NE, USA
| | - Joseph M Bosilevac
- Meat Safety and Quality Research Unit, Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, NE, USA
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Wu S, Cui L, Han Y, Lin F, Huang J, Song M, Lan Z, Sun S. Characteristics, Whole-Genome Sequencing and Pathogenicity Analysis of Escherichia coli from a White Feather Broiler Farm. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2939. [PMID: 38138083 PMCID: PMC10745608 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian colibacillosis, caused by avian Escherichia coli (E. coli), has historically been one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in large-scale poultry production, causing growth delays and mortality in chickens, resulting in huge economic losses. In recent years, the widespread use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug resistance in E. coli as a significant global problem and long-term challenge. Resistant E. coli can be transmitted to humans through animal products or the environment, which presents significant public health concerns and food safety issues. In this study, we analyzed the features of 135 E. coli strains obtained from a white feather broiler farm in Shandong, China, including antimicrobial susceptibility tests, detection of class 1 integrons, drug resistance genes, virulence genes, and phylogenetic subgroups. It is particularly worrying that all 135 E. coli strains were resistant to at least five antibiotic agents, and 100% of them were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Notably, the resistance genes of blaTEM, blaCTX-M, qnrS, aaC4, tetA, and tetB exhibited a high prevalence of carriage among the tested resistance genes. However, mcr-2~mcr-9 were not detected, while the prevalence of mcr-1 was found to be 2.96%. The most common virulence genes detected were EAST1 (14.07%, encoding enterotoxins) and fyuA (14.81%, encoding biofilm formation). Phylogenetic subgroup analysis revealed that E. coli belonging to groups B2 and D, which are commonly associated with high virulence, constituted 2.22% and 11.11%, respectively. The positive rate of class 1 integrons was 31.1%. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and animal experiments were performed on a unique isolated strain called 21EC78 with an extremely strong membrane-forming capacity. The WGS results showed that 21EC78 carried 11 drug resistance genes and 16 virulence genes. Animal experiments showed that intraperitoneal injection with 2 × 105 CFU could cause the death of one-day-old SPF chickens in 3 days. However, the mortality of Luhua chickens was comparatively lower than that of SPF chickens. This study reports the isolation of multidrug-resistant E. coli strains in poultry, which may pose a potential threat to human health via the food chain. Furthermore, the findings of this study enhance our comprehension of the frequency and characteristics of multidrug-resistant E. coli in poultry farms, emphasizing the urgent need for improved and effective continuous surveillance to control its dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (S.W.); (L.C.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Lulu Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (S.W.); (L.C.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Yu Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (S.W.); (L.C.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Fang Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (S.W.); (L.C.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (S.W.); (L.C.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Mengze Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (S.W.); (L.C.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Zouran Lan
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (S.W.); (L.C.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (M.S.)
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Antibiotic resistance genes, mobile elements, virulence genes, and phages in cultivated ESBL-producing Escherichia coli of poultry origin in Kwara State, North Central Nigeria. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 389:110086. [PMID: 36738714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The paucity of information on the genomic diversity of drug-resistant bacteria in most food-producing animals, including poultry in Nigeria, has led to poor hazard characterization and the lack of critical control points to safeguard public health. Hence, this study used whole genome sequencing (WGS) to assess the presence and the diversity of antibiotic resistance genes, mobile genetic elements, virulence genes, and phages in Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL - E. coli) isolates obtained from poultry via the EURL guideline of 2017 in Ilorin, Nigeria. The prevalence of ESBL - E. coli in poultry was 10.5 % (n = 37/354). The phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that all the ESBL- E. coli isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). The in-silico analysis of the WGS raw-read data from 11 purposively selected isolates showed that the isolates had a wide array of ARGs that conferred resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, and 8 other classes of antibiotics (fluoroquinolones, foliate pathway antagonists, aminoglycoside, phenicol, tetracycline, epoxide, macrolides, and rifamycin). All the ARGs were in the bacterial chromosome except in two isolates where plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) was detected. Two isolates carried the gyrAp.S83L mutation which confers resistance to certain fluoroquinolones. The mobilome consisted of several Col-plasmids and the predominant IncF plasmids belonged to the IncF64:A-:B27 sequence type. The virulome consisted of genes that function as adhesins, iron acquisition genes, toxins, and protectins. Intact phages were found in 8 of the 11 isolates and the phageome consisted of representatives of four families of viruses: Myoviridae (62.5 %, n = 5/8), Siphoviridae (37.5 %, n = 3/8), Inoviridae (12.5 %, n = 1), and Podoviridae (12.5 %, n = 1/8). ESBL - E. coli isolates harboured 1-5 intact phages and no ARGs were identified on any of the phages. Although five of the isolates belonged to phylogroup A, the isolates were diverse as they belonged to different serotype and sequence types. Our findings demonstrate the high genomic diversity of ESBL - E. coli of poultry origin in Ilorin, Nigeria. These diverse isolates harbor clinically relevant ARGs, mobile elements, virulence genes, and phages that may have detrimental zoonotic potentials on human health.
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Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Wang X, Wang F, Wang H, Chen M. The effect of different concentrations of chlorine-containing disinfectants on high-frequency contact table in intensive care units: A quasi-experimental study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281802. [PMID: 36791118 PMCID: PMC9931129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hospital environment, particularly the intensive care unit (ICU), contributes to the transmission of several nosocomial pathogens, which can survive in this setting for a longer period of time and, in turn, contaminate the surfaces or the medical tools. Thus, appropriate disinfection of these areas and devices are crucial for controlling and preventing further infection. In this study, we examined the effect of different concentrations of chlorine-containing disinfectants (500mg/L, 1000mg/L, and 2000mg/L) on the ICU environment. METHODS This quasi-experimental study was based on a convenient sampling method. In this study, High-frequency objects were selected as subjects in ICU, with a total sample of 216.A hall including 6 beds was examined,selecting 4 high-frequency surfaces per bed unit:a bed gear, infusion system, bed end table, and monitor were disinfected with 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/L of chlorine (as Cl2), respectively.The surface dissection was performed at 21:00 o'clock daily, after which ATP fluorescence monitoring and bacterial count detection were performed. RESULTS There was no significant difference in ATP bioluminescence (F = 2.03, P > 0.05) and bacterial counting (χ2 = 2.03, P > 0.05) when using different concentrations of chlorine-containing disinfectant in the ICU. Yet, compared with high concentration (2000mg/L), a low concentration disinfectant reduced the hospital cost. CONCLUSION By reducing the concentration of ICU high-frequency contact table disinfectants, it is possible to reduce the risk of long-term contamination with chlorine-containing disinfectants and reduce the cost of using ICU chlorine-containing disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Obstetrics/Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Intensive care unit/Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Nursing Department/Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Nursing Department/Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Obstetrics/Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fuchuan Wang
- Obstetrics/Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Intensive care unit/Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Medical Record Statistics Department/Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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