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Transgenic tomato lines expressing human lactoferrin show increased resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogens. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Giorgini M, Guerrieri E, Cascone P, Gontijo L. Current Strategies and Future Outlook for Managing the Neotropical Tomato Pest Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) in the Mediterranean Basin. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:1-17. [PMID: 30284151 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The invasion of new regions by exotic pests has been more than ever a critical issue that warrants coordinated international actions to manage established populations and prevent further spreading. Invasive insects can undermine the ecological equilibrium of both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Moreover, increasing temperatures due to climatic change exacerbate this problem by allowing pests to further reach regions previously considered unsuitable. The tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera) is an exotic pest native to Peru that has spread beyond Neotropical America. In Europe, its occurrence was reported in Spain in 2006, and thereafter, it has spread throughout the Mediterranean Basin and further into Africa and part of Asia. While T. absoluta can cause losses to tomato production all over the globe, the differences in each invaded region (e.g., climate, vegetation) may affect its population dynamics and, consequently, management protocols. Therefore, the main intent of this forum paper is to explore how European growers and researchers are dealing with T. absoluta in the Mediterranean area. As for many other invasive pests, the best approach has been the adoption of integrated pest management (IPM). Specifically, the integration of biological control agents (e.g., mirid predators and egg parasitoids), microbial insecticides (i.e., Bacillus thuringiensis), selective chemical insecticides, and sex pheromone-based control has proven adequate, especially in tomato greenhouses. Nonetheless, some of the challenges ahead include the development of resistant tomato cultivars, the management of wild vegetation and companion plants to optimize the conservation of natural enemies and their effectiveness at the crop level, the management of insecticide resistance, and the improvement of sex pheromone-based tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giorgini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy.
| | - E Guerrieri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - P Cascone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - L Gontijo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Manejo e Conservação de Ecossistemas Naturais e Agrários, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Florestal, MG, Brasil
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Biondi A, Guedes RNC, Wan FH, Desneux N. Ecology, Worldwide Spread, and Management of the Invasive South American Tomato Pinworm, Tuta absoluta: Past, Present, and Future. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 63:239-258. [PMID: 28977774 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-034933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is native to the western Neotropics. After invading Spain in 2006, it spread rapidly throughout Afro-Eurasia and has become a major threat to world tomato production. Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies have been developed, but widespread insecticide use has caused selection for insecticide resistance as well as undesirable effects on key beneficial arthropods. Augmentation and conservation biological control relying on omnivorous mirid predators has proved successful for management of T. absoluta, where implementation is dependent on abiotic, biotic (e.g., alternative prey), and anthropogenic factors (e.g., pesticides). Research has been carried out on larval parasitoids, showing potential for further development of sustainable control. The development of resistant tomato varieties is ongoing, but they are not commercially available yet. Knowledge gaps remain to be filled to optimize IPM packages on tomato crops and to help prevent further spread worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Biondi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123, Italy;
| | - Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil;
| | - Fang-Hao Wan
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100193, China;
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), University of Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France;
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Yaqoob A, Shahid AA, Samiullah TR, Rao AQ, Khan MAU, Tahir S, Mirza SA, Husnain T. Risk assessment of Bt crops on the non-target plant-associated insects and soil organisms. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:2613-2619. [PMID: 26857894 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic plants containing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) genes are being cultivated worldwide to express toxic insecticidal proteins. However, the commercial utilisation of Bt crops greatly highlights biosafety issues worldwide. Therefore, assessing the risks caused by genetically modified crops prior to their commercial cultivation is a critical issue to be addressed. In agricultural biotechnology, the goal of safety assessment is not just to identify the safety of a genetically modified (GM) plant, rather to demonstrate its impact on the ecosystem. Various experimental studies have been made worldwide during the last 20 years to investigate the risks and fears associated with non-target organisms (NTOs). The NTOs include beneficial insects, natural pest controllers, rhizobacteria, growth promoting microbes, pollinators, soil dwellers, aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates, mammals and humans. To highlight all the possible risks associated with different GM events, information has been gathered from a total of 76 articles, regarding non-target plant and soil inhabiting organisms, and summarised in the form of the current review article. No significant harmful impact has been reported in any case study related to approved GM events, although critical risk assessments are still needed before commercialisation of these crops. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Yaqoob
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ali Shahid
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Rehman Samiullah
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum Rao
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Sana Tahir
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Ali Mirza
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
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Abd El-Ghany NM, Saker M, Salama HS, Ragaie M. Histopathology of the larval midgut of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) fed on Bacillus thuringiensis crystals and Bt-tomato plants. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2015; 13:221-225. [PMID: 30647587 PMCID: PMC6299884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The histopathological effects of the spore-crystal complex of indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolate, as well as Cry 2Ab gene expressed in transgenic tomato plants on the midgut of 4th instar larva of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidea) has been investigated using the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Remarkable ultrastructural changes were observed in the columnar and goblet cells of the larval midgut after feeding on either transgenic tomato leaves, or spore-crystal complex of Bt. The effects observed included breakdown of microvilli of epithelial cells, increase in the electron density of the cytoplasm and vacuolation associated with different sizes of lysosomes; interruption of the goblet cells and distorted goblet cavities which lost their cytoplasmic projections; destruction of the mitochondria which lost their cristae; degeneration of the endoplasmic reticulum; collapse of the nucleus associated with rupture of nuclear envelope and clumped chromatin. Feeding the larvae on transgenic Bt-tomato plants caused in addition to the aforementioned changes severe vacuolation and degeneration of the nucleus in both columnar and goblet cells and the nuclear membrane was broken into electron dense ring spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Abd El-Ghany
- Dept. of Pests and Plant Protection Dept., National Research Center, Egypt
| | - M Saker
- Dept. of Plant Biotechnology, National Research Center, President of Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H S Salama
- Dept. of Pests and Plant Protection Dept., National Research Center, Egypt
| | - M Ragaie
- Dept. of Pests and Plant Protection Dept., National Research Center, Egypt
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Gerszberg A, Hnatuszko-Konka K, Kowalczyk T. In vitro regeneration of eight cultivars of Brassica oleracea var. capitata. IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY. PLANT : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 2015; 51:80-87. [PMID: 25774081 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-014-0664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Eight cultivars of Brassica oleracea var. capitata and two types of explant (hypocotyl and cotyledon) were tested for their potential to regenerate under in vitro conditions. Hypocotyl and cotyledon explants from 10-d-old seedlings were subcultured onto different callus induction media based on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1% sucrose and different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators. Hypocotyl explants were found to be more suitable for callus induction and organogenesis than cotyledon explants for all cultivars tested. In terms of regeneration, the cv. 'Amager' was significantly more responsive than the other cultivars tested and produced the highest number of shoots/buds per explant. Moreover, among five types of media tested, MS + 8.88 μM 6-benzyloaminopurine (BAP) + 0.53 μM α-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) was most effective for shoot regeneration. Rooting was achieved within 10-15 d on all the rooting media, but MS medium containing 5.37 μM NAA produced the maximum number of strong and healthy roots. Plantlets (95%) were subsequently established in the greenhouse, and no phenotypic variations were observed among regenerated plants. This plant regeneration protocol could be suitable for a wide range of cabbage cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Gerszberg
- Department of Genetics Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hnatuszko-Konka
- Department of Genetics Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Genetics Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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Wang F, Ning D, Chen Y, Dang C, Han NS, Liu Y, Ye GY. Comparing Gene Expression Profiles Between Bt and non-Bt Rice in Response to Brown Planthopper Infestation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1181. [PMID: 26734057 PMCID: PMC4689863 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Bt proteins are the most widely used insecticidal proteins in transgenic crops for improving insect resistance. We previously observed longer nymphal developmental duration and lower fecundity in brown planthopper (BPH) fed on Bt rice line KMD2, although Bt insecticidal protein Cry1Ab could rarely concentrate in this non-target rice pest. In the present study, we performed microarray analysis in an effort to detect Bt-independent variation, which might render Bt rice more defensive and/or less nutritious to BPH. We detected 3834 and 3273 differentially expressed probe-sets in response to BPH infestation in non-Bt parent Xiushui 11 and Bt rice KMD2, respectively, only 439 of which showed significant differences in expression between rice lines. Our analysis revealed a shift from growth to defense responses in response to BPH infestation, which was also detected in many other studies of plants suffering biotic and abiotic stresses. Chlorophyll biosynthesis and basic metabolism pathways were inhibited in response to infestation. IAA and GA levels decreased as a result of the repression of biosynthesis-related genes or the induction of inactivation-related genes. In accordance with these observations, a number of IAA-, GA-, BR-signaling genes were downregulated in response to BPH. Thus, the growth of rice plants under BPH attack was reduced and defense related hormone signaling like JA, SA and ET were activated. In addition, growth-related hormone signaling pathways, such as GA, BR, and auxin signaling pathways, as well as ABA, were also found to be involved in BPH-induced defense. On the other side, 51 probe-sets (represented 50 genes) that most likely contribute to the impact of Bt rice on BPH were identified, including three early nodulin genes, four lipid metabolic genes, 14 stress response genes, three TF genes and genes with other functions. Two transcription factor genes, bHLH and MYB, together with lipid transfer protein genes LTPL65 and early nodulin gene ENOD93, are the most likely candidates for improving herbivore resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Duo Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Cong Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Nai-Shun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yu'e Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Gong-Yin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Gong-Yin Ye
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Lytvyn DI, Syvura VV, Kurylo VV, Olenieva VD, Yemets AI, Blume YB. Creation of transgenic sugar beet lines expressing insect pest resistance genes cry1C and cry2A. CYTOL GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452714020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Salama H, Ragaei M, Abd El-Ghany N. Development of the predator Chrysoperla carnea(Stephens) as affected by feeding on Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner) reared on transgenic Cry2Ab tomato plants. ARCHIVES OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY AND PLANT PROTECTION 2013; 46:2019-2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2013.782989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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