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AlMarzooqi SK, Almarzooqi F, Sadida HQ, Jerobin J, Ahmed I, Abou-Samra AB, Fakhro KA, Dhawan P, Bhat AA, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS. Deciphering the complex interplay of obesity, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and tight junction remodeling: Unraveling potential therapeutic avenues. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13766. [PMID: 38745386 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Obesity stands as a formidable global health challenge, predisposing individuals to a plethora of chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. A confluence of genetic polymorphisms, suboptimal dietary choices, and sedentary lifestyles significantly contribute to the elevated incidence of obesity. This multifaceted health issue profoundly disrupts homeostatic equilibrium at both organismal and cellular levels, with marked alterations in gut permeability as a salient consequence. The intricate mechanisms underlying these alterations have yet to be fully elucidated. Still, evidence suggests that heightened inflammatory cytokine levels and the remodeling of tight junction (TJ) proteins, particularly claudins, play a pivotal role in the manifestation of epithelial barrier dysfunction in obesity. Strategic targeting of proteins implicated in these pathways and metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids presents a promising intervention for restoring barrier functionality among individuals with obesity. Nonetheless, recognizing the heterogeneity among affected individuals is paramount; personalized medical interventions or dietary regimens tailored to specific genetic backgrounds and allergy profiles may prove indispensable. This comprehensive review delves into the nexus of obesity, tight junction remodeling, and barrier dysfunction, offering a critical appraisal of potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K AlMarzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fajr Almarzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jayakumar Jerobin
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ikhlak Ahmed
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid A Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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da Fonseca ACP, Assis ISDS, Salum KCR, Palhinha L, Abreu GDM, Zembrzuski VM, Campos Junior M, Nogueira-Neto JF, Cambraia A, Souza Junior MLF, Maya-Monteiro CM, Cabello PH, Bozza PT, Carneiro JRI. Genetic variants in DBC1, SIRT1, UCP2 and ADRB2 as potential biomarkers for severe obesity and metabolic complications. Front Genet 2024; 15:1363417. [PMID: 38841722 PMCID: PMC11151296 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1363417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is a multifactorial disease associated with the development of many comorbidities. This disease is associated with several metabolic alterations; however, it has been shown that some individuals with obesity do not exhibit metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue neutralizes the detrimental effects of circulating fatty acids, ectopic deposition, and inflammation, among others, through its esterification into neutral lipids that are stored in the adipocyte. However, when the adipocyte is overloaded, i.e., its expansion capacity is exceeded, this protection is lost, resulting in fatty acid toxicity with ectopic fat accumulation in peripheral tissues and inflammation. In this line, this study aimed to investigate whether polymorphisms in genes that control adipose tissue fat storage capacity are potential biomarkers for severe obesity susceptibility and also metabolic complications. Methods This study enrolled 305 individuals with severe obesity (cases, BMI≥35 kg/m2) and 196 individuals with normal weight (controls, 18.5≤BMI≤24.9 kg/m2). Demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and blood pressure variables were collected from the participants. Plasma levels of leptin, resistin, MCP1, and PAI1 were measured by Bio-Plex 200 Multiplexing Analyzer System. Genomic DNA was extracted and variants in DBC1 (rs17060940), SIRT1 (rs7895833 and rs1467568), UCP2 (rs660339), PPARG (rs1801282) and ADRB2 (rs1042713 and rs1042714) genes were genotyped by PCR allelic discrimination using TaqMan® assays. Results Our findings indicated that SIRT1 rs7895833 polymorphism was a risk factor for severe obesity development in the overdominant model. SIRT1 rs1467568 and UCP2 rs660339 were associated with anthropometric traits. SIRT1 rs1467568 G allele was related to lower medians of body adipose index and hip circumference, while the UCP2 rs660339 AA genotype was associate with increased body mass index. Additionally, DBC1 rs17060940 influenced glycated hemoglobin. Regarding metabolic alterations, 27% of individuals with obesity presented balanced metabolic status in our cohort. Furthermore, SIRT1 rs1467568 AG genotype increased 2.5 times the risk of developing metabolic alterations. No statistically significant results were observed with Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gama and ADRB2 polymorphisms. Discussion/Conclusion This study revealed that SIRT1 rs7895833 and rs1467568 are potential biomarkers for severe obesity susceptibility and the development of unbalanced metabolic status in obesity, respectively. UCP2 rs660339 and DBC1 rs17060940 also showed a significant role in obesity related-traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Proença da Fonseca
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Genetics Laboratory, Grande Rio University/AFYA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, Grande Rio University/AFYA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Izadora Sthephanie da Silva Assis
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kaio Cezar Rodrigues Salum
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lohanna Palhinha
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriella de Medeiros Abreu
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mario Campos Junior
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Cambraia
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro Hernán Cabello
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Torres Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Regis Ivar Carneiro
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Essential Dynamics of Deleterious Proline 12 Alanine Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in PPARγ2 Associated with Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:3833668. [PMID: 35547362 PMCID: PMC9085344 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3833668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) gene is located at 3p25 position. PPARγ functions as the master regulator of glucose homeostasis and lipoprotein metabolism, and recent studies have reported that it is involved in various metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease (CAD), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 are necessary for the development of adipose tissue and insulin sensitivity regulation. But PPARγ2 is the isoform that was controlled in response to nutrient intake and obesity. Methodology. In this study, we used computational techniques to show the impact of Pro12Ala polymorphism on PPARγ2. The 3-D structure of PPARγ2 was modeled using I-TASSER server. The modeled structure was validated with the ZLab server, and the mutation was created with SPDB viewer. Stability prediction tools were used. Molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) was used to understand the structural and functional behavior of the wild type and mutant. Essential dynamics was also applied. Results and Conclusions. Stability prediction tools were showed that this mutation has a destabilizing effect on the PPARγ2 structure. The RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, and DSSP were in line with H-bond results that showed less flexibility in the mutant structure. Essential dynamics was used to verify MDS results. Pro12Ala polymorphism leads to rigidity of the PPARγ2 protein and might disturb the conformational changes and interactions of PPARγ2 and results in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), CAD, and NAFLD. This study can help scientists to develop a drug therapy against these diseases.
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Akhlaghipour I, Bina AR, Mogharrabi MR, Fanoodi A, Ebrahimian AR, Khojasteh Kaffash S, Babazadeh Baghan A, Khorashadizadeh ME, Taghehchian N, Moghbeli M. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms as important risk factors of diabetes among Middle East population. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:11. [PMID: 35366956 PMCID: PMC8976361 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that leads to the dysfunction of various tissues and organs, including eyes, kidneys, and cardiovascular system. According to the World Health Organization, diabetes prevalence is 8.8% globally among whom about 90% of cases are type 2 diabetes. There are not any significant clinical manifestations in the primary stages of diabetes. Therefore, screening can be an efficient way to reduce the diabetic complications. Over the recent decades, the prevalence of diabetes has increased alarmingly among the Middle East population, which has imposed exorbitant costs on the health care system in this region. Given that the genetic changes are among the important risk factors associated with predisposing people to diabetes, we examined the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the pathogenesis of diabetes among Middle East population. In the present review, we assessed the molecular pathology of diabetes in the Middle East population that paves the way for introducing an efficient SNP-based diagnostic panel for diabetes screening among the Middle East population. Since, the Middle East has a population of 370 million people; the current review can be a reliable model for the introduction of SNP-based diagnostic panels in other populations and countries around the world.
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Saremi L, Lotfipanah S, Feizy F, Ghaffari M, Babaniamansour S, Saltanatpour Z. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PRO12ALa POLYMORPHISM OF PPARγ2 GENE AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN IRANIAN POPULATION WITH TYPE TWO DIABETES MELLITUS. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2022; 18:139-144. [PMID: 36212264 PMCID: PMC9512374 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2022.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the common diseases in patients with type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) plays a vital role in dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress is involved in atherogenesis. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to determine the association between Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARγ2 gene(rs1801282) and CAD risk in T2DM patients in the Iranian population. DESIGN A group of 145 T2DM patients with a history of CAD were enrolled, together with 145 sex and gender-matched individuals who had neither CAD nor history of T2DM who were enrolled in a case-control study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was applied to genotype the PPARγ2 gene polymorphisms. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22. RESULTS CC and GC genotypes of Pro12Ala had a higher frequency in the control and case groups, respectively. The GC genotype was associated with a significantly increased CAD risk compared to the CC genotype (adjusted OR= 2.66, 95% CI = 1.5-29.5, p<0.01). The mean triglycerides and total cholesterol level were significantly higher in the CC genotype than the GC genotype in both case and control groups (p<0.05). The mean level of fasting blood glucose was significantly higher in the CC genotype compared to GC genotype in the case group (p<0.05). The mean of creatinine, lipid profiles, microalbuminuria, and hemoglobin A1c had no significant difference between CC and GC genotypes in both groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism could be an essential indicator for the increased risk of CAD in the Iranian people with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Saremi
- Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Dept. of Biology
| | - S. Lotfipanah
- Farhangian University, Shahid Mofatteh Teacher Education Paradise, Tehran
| | - F. Feizy
- Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Dept. of Nursing, Hamedan
| | - M.E. Ghaffari
- Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Biostatistics, Dental Sciences, Research Center, Rasht
| | | | - Z. Saltanatpour
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center/ Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center of Excellence, Tehran, Iran
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Song Y, Li S, He C. PPARγ Gene Polymorphisms, Metabolic Disorders, and Coronary Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:808929. [PMID: 35402540 PMCID: PMC8984027 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.808929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Being activated by endogenous and exogenous ligands, nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) enhances insulin sensitivity, promotes adipocyte differentiation, stimulates adipogenesis, and has the properties of anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. The Human PPARγ gene (PPARG) contains thousands of polymorphic loci, among them two polymorphisms (rs10865710 and rs7649970) in the promoter region and two polymorphisms (rs1801282 and rs3856806) in the exonic region were widely reported to be significantly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Mechanistically, PPARG polymorphisms lead to abnormal expression of PPARG gene and/or dysfunction of PPARγ protein, causing metabolic disorders such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, and thereby increasing susceptibility to CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Song
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujin Li
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chuan He,
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Li S, He C, Nie H, Pang Q, Wang R, Zeng Z, Song Y. G Allele of the rs1801282 Polymorphism in PPARγ Gene Confers an Increased Risk of Obesity and Hypercholesterolemia, While T Allele of the rs3856806 Polymorphism Displays a Protective Role Against Dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:919087. [PMID: 35846293 PMCID: PMC9276935 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.919087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between the rs1801282 and rs3856806 polymorphisms in nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) gene and obesity indexes as well as serum lipid levels have been extensively investigated in various studies, but the results were inconsistent and even contradictory. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang, CNKI and VIP databases were searched for eligible studies. The random-effTPDEects model was used, and standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to estimate the differences in obesity indexes and serum lipid levels between the subjects with different genotypes in a dominant model. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed by Cochran's x2-based Q-statistic test. Publication bias was identified by using Begg's test. RESULTS One hundred and twenty studies (70,317 subjects) and 33 studies (18,353 subjects) were identified in the analyses for the rs1801282 and rs3856806 polymorphisms, respectively. The G allele carriers of the rs1801282 polymorphism had higher levels of body mass index (SMD = 0.08 kg/m2, 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.12 kg/m2, p < 0.001), waist circumference (SMD = 0.12 cm, 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.18 cm, p < 0.001) and total cholesterol (SMD = 0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.11 mmol/L, p < 0.01) than the CC homozygotes. The T allele carriers of the rs3856806 polymorphism had lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD = -0.09 mmol/L, 95% CI = -0.15 to -0.03 mmol/L, p < 0.01) and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD = 0.06 mmol/L, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.10 mmol/L, p < 0.01) than the CC homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis suggests that the G allele of the rs1801282 polymorphism confers an increased risk of obesity and hypercholesterolemia, while the T allele of the rs3856806 polymorphism displays a protective role against dyslipidemia, which can partly explain the associations between these polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier [CRD42022319347].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Li
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Nie
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianyin Pang
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixia Wang
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifu Zeng
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongyan Song
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yongyan Song,
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Carrillo-Venzor MA, Erives-Anchondo NR, Moreno-González JG, Moreno-Brito V, Licón-Trillo A, González-Rodríguez E, Hernández-Rodríguez PDC, Reza-López SA, Loera-Castañeda V, Leal-Berumen I. Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2 and +294T/C PPAR-δ Polymorphisms and Association with Metabolic Traits in Teenagers from Northern Mexico. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070776. [PMID: 32664384 PMCID: PMC7397260 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play roles in glucose and lipid metabolism regulation. Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2 and +294T/C PPAR-δ have been associated with dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and high body mass index (BMI). We compared metabolic traits and determined associations with Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2 or +294T/C PPAR-δ polymorphism among teenagers from different ethnicity. Four hundred and twelve samples with previous biochemical and biometric measurements were used. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was extracted and analyzed by end-point PCR for Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2. The +294T/C PPAR-δ PCR product was also digested with Bsl I. Two genotype groups were formed: major allele homozygous and minor allele carriers. Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2 G minor allele frequencies were: 10% in Mestizo-1, 19% in Mestizo-2, 23% in Tarahumara, 12% in Mennonite, and 17% in the total studied population. The +294T/C PPAR-δ C minor allele frequencies were: 18% in Mestizo-1, 20% in Mestizo-2, 6% in Tarahumara, 13% in Mennonite, and 12% in the total studied population. Teenagers with PPAR-γ2 G allele showed a greater risk for either high waist/height ratio or low high-density lipoprotein; and, also had lower total cholesterol. Whereas, PPAR-γ2 G allele showed lower overweight/obesity phenotype (BMI Z-score) frequency, PPAR-δ C allele was a risk factor for it. Metabolic traits were associated with both PPAR polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín A. Carrillo-Venzor
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (M.A.C.-V.); (N.R.E.-A.); (J.G.M.-G.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.T.); (E.G.-R.); (S.A.R.-L.)
| | - Nancy R. Erives-Anchondo
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (M.A.C.-V.); (N.R.E.-A.); (J.G.M.-G.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.T.); (E.G.-R.); (S.A.R.-L.)
| | - Janette G. Moreno-González
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (M.A.C.-V.); (N.R.E.-A.); (J.G.M.-G.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.T.); (E.G.-R.); (S.A.R.-L.)
| | - Verónica Moreno-Brito
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (M.A.C.-V.); (N.R.E.-A.); (J.G.M.-G.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.T.); (E.G.-R.); (S.A.R.-L.)
| | - Angel Licón-Trillo
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (M.A.C.-V.); (N.R.E.-A.); (J.G.M.-G.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.T.); (E.G.-R.); (S.A.R.-L.)
| | - Everardo González-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (M.A.C.-V.); (N.R.E.-A.); (J.G.M.-G.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.T.); (E.G.-R.); (S.A.R.-L.)
| | | | - Sandra A. Reza-López
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (M.A.C.-V.); (N.R.E.-A.); (J.G.M.-G.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.T.); (E.G.-R.); (S.A.R.-L.)
| | | | - Irene Leal-Berumen
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (M.A.C.-V.); (N.R.E.-A.); (J.G.M.-G.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.T.); (E.G.-R.); (S.A.R.-L.)
- Correspondence:
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Bakhashab S, Filimban N, Altall RM, Nassir R, Qusti SY, Alqahtani MH, Abuzenadah AM, Dallol A. The Effect Sizes of PPARγ rs1801282 , FTO rs9939609, and MC4R rs2229616 Variants on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk among the Western Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Prospective Study. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11010098. [PMID: 31947684 PMCID: PMC7017045 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common polygenic disease with associated comorbidities. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of T2DM. The aim of this study is to determine the allele and genotype frequency of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) rs1801282, fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) rs9939609, and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) rs2229616 polymorphisms and their association with risk of T2DM in the western Saudi population as mediators of adiposity phenotypes. In a cross-sectional prospective study, genomic DNA from control and T2DM patients were isolated and genotyped for these single-nucleotide polymorphisms. There was a significant association of the MC4R rs2229616 variant with T2DM, but no association with T2DM was detected with PPARγ rs1801282 or FTO rs9939609. The combination of C/C for PPARγ rs1801282, A/A for FTO rs9939609, and C/C for MC4R rs2229616 increased the risk of T2DM by 1.82. The A/T genotype for FTO rs9939609 was predicted to decrease the risk of T2DM when combined with C/C for PPARγ rs1801282 and C/C for MC4R rs2229616 or C/C for PPARγ rs1801282 and C/T MC4R rs2229616. In conclusion, our study showed the risk of the assessed variants for the development of T2DM in the Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Bakhashab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.F.); (R.M.A.); (S.Y.Q.)
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966126400000
| | - Najlaa Filimban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.F.); (R.M.A.); (S.Y.Q.)
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Clinical Genomics, Department of Genetics, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana M. Altall
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.F.); (R.M.A.); (S.Y.Q.)
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Safaa Y. Qusti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.F.); (R.M.A.); (S.Y.Q.)
| | - Mohammed H. Alqahtani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Abuzenadah
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.D.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ashraf Dallol
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.D.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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