1
|
Mahdally NH, ElShiekh RA, Thissera B, Eltaher A, Osama A, Mokhtar M, Elhosseiny NM, Kashef MT, Magdeldin S, El Halawany AM, Rateb ME, Attia AS. Dihydrophenazine: a multifunctional new weapon that kills multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and restores carbapenem and oxidative stress susceptibilities. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae100. [PMID: 38627251 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The current work aims to fully characterize a new antimicrobial agent against Acinetobacter baumannii, which continues to represent a growing threat to healthcare settings worldwide. With minimal treatment options due to the extensive spread of resistance to almost all the available antimicrobials, the hunt for new antimicrobial agents is a high priority. METHODS AND RESULTS An Egyptian soil-derived bacterium strain NHM-077B proved to be a promising source for a new antimicrobial agent. Bio-guided fractionation of the culture supernatants of NHM-077B followed by chemical structure elucidation identified the active antimicrobial agent as 1-hydroxy phenazine. Chemical synthesis yielded more derivatives, including dihydrophenazine (DHP), which proved to be the most potent against A. baumannii, yet it exhibited a marginally safe cytotoxicity profile against human skin fibroblasts. Proteomics analysis of the cells treated with DHP revealed multiple proteins with altered expression that could be correlated to the observed phenotypes and potential mechanism of the antimicrobial action of DHP. DHP is a multipronged agent that affects membrane integrity, increases susceptibility to oxidative stress, interferes with amino acids/protein synthesis, and modulates virulence-related proteins. Interestingly, DHP in subinhibitory concentrations re-sensitizes the highly virulent carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strain AB5075 to carbapenems providing great hope in regaining some of the benefits of this important class of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS This work underscores the potential of DHP as a promising new agent with multifunctional roles as both a classical and nonconventional antimicrobial agent that is urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norhan H Mahdally
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Riham A ElShiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Bathini Thissera
- School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - Ashraf Eltaher
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo 57357, Egypt
| | - Aya Osama
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo 57357, Egypt
| | - Maha Mokhtar
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo 57357, Egypt
| | - Noha M Elhosseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mona T Kashef
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo 57357, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ali M El Halawany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed S Attia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza 12585, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zboralski A, Biessy A, Ciotola M, Cadieux M, Albert D, Blom J, Filion M. Harnessing the genomic diversity of Pseudomonas strains against lettuce bacterial pathogens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1038888. [PMID: 36620043 PMCID: PMC9814014 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1038888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lettuce is a major vegetable crop worldwide that is affected by numerous bacterial pathogens, including Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians, Pseudomonas cichorii, and Pectobacterium carotovorum. Control methods are scarce and not always effective. To develop new and sustainable approaches to contain these pathogens, we screened more than 1,200 plant-associated Pseudomonas strains retrieved from agricultural soils for their in vitro antagonistic capabilities against the three bacterial pathogens under study. Thirty-five Pseudomonas strains significantly inhibited some or all three pathogens. Their genomes were fully sequenced and annotated. These strains belong to the P. fluorescens and P. putida phylogenomic groups and are distributed in at least 27 species, including 15 validly described species. They harbor numerous genes and clusters of genes known to be involved in plant-bacteria interactions, microbial competition, and biocontrol. Strains in the P. putida group displayed on average better inhibition abilities than strains in the P. fluorescens group. They carry genes and biosynthetic clusters mostly absent in the latter strains that are involved in the production of secondary metabolites such as 7-hydroxytropolone, putisolvins, pyochelin, and xantholysin-like and pseudomonine-like compounds. The presence of genes involved in the biosynthesis of type VI secretion systems, tailocins, and hydrogen cyanide also positively correlated with the strains' overall inhibition abilities observed against the three pathogens. These results show promise for the development of biocontrol products against lettuce bacterial pathogens, provide insights on some of the potential biocontrol mechanisms involved, and contribute to public Pseudomonas genome databases, including quality genome sequences on some poorly represented species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Zboralski
- Centre de Recherche et de Développement de Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | - Adrien Biessy
- Centre de Recherche et de Développement de Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Ciotola
- Centre de Recherche et de Développement de Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Cadieux
- Centre de Recherche et de Développement de Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | - Daphné Albert
- Centre de Recherche et de Développement de Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Filion
- Centre de Recherche et de Développement de Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Martin Filion,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sitotaw B, Ayalew F, Girma A, Mekonnen AB, Bin Jardan YA, Nafidi HA, Bourhia M. Isolation and identification of promising antibiotic-producing bacteria. OPEN CHEM 2022; 20:1283-1291. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Multiple stresses in waste dumpsite soils can drive antibiotic production as one of the strategies for survival. Bacteria are the most prolific producers of antibiotics. This study investigated the antibiotic production potential of bacteria isolated from Bahir Dar city municipal solid waste dumpsite (MSWDS). Bacteria were isolated from soil collected from the dumpsite on starch casein or nutrient agar. The isolates were carefully screened for antimicrobial activity against six pathogenic bacterial test strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were also determined from cell-free metabolites of the most promising isolates. Isolates showing antimicrobial activity were identified using cultural and biochemical methods. A total of 143 distinctive colonies were obtained and tentatively identified to 13 bacterial genera. Twenty-six (18.18%) of the isolates (six Bacillus and 20 actinobacteria related) demonstrated antimicrobial activities at least against one of the tested bacterial strains. These isolates were related to two actinobacterial and 11 other bacterial genera. Seven out of 26 isolates showed a broad-spectrum of antibiotic activities. Two isolates, which showed a wide spectrum, were selected for the MIC and MBC tests against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC and MBC of the isolates were recorded to be 250–500 µg/mL against the test strains. Bahir Dar city MSWDS contained a high incidence of antibiotic-producing bacteria. Strain level identification of the isolates and detailed characterization of the metabolites will give a good insight into the antimicrobial production potential in the waste dumpsite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baye Sitotaw
- Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University , P.O. Box 79 , Bahir Dar , Ethiopia
| | - Fikremariam Ayalew
- Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University , P.O. Box 79 , Bahir Dar , Ethiopia
| | - Abayneh Girma
- Department of Biology, MekdelaAmba University , P.O. Box 32 , Tuluawlia , Ethiopia
| | - Amare Bitew Mekonnen
- Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University , P.O. Box 79 , Bahir Dar , Ethiopia
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University , 2325 Quebec City , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Technical Health , Laayoune 70000 , Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Actinomycetes are natural architects of numerous secondary metabolites including antibiotics. With increased multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, antibiotics that can combat such pathogens are urgently required to improve the health care system globally. The characterization of actinomycetes available in Nepal is still very much untouched which is the reason why this paper showcases the characterization of actinomycetes from Nepal based on their morphology, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and metabolic profiling. Additionally, antimicrobial assays and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) of ethyl acetate extracts were performed. In this study, we employed a computational-based dereplication strategy for annotating molecules which is also time-efficient. Molecular annotation was performed through the GNPS server, the SIRIUS platform, and the available databases to predict the secondary metabolites. The sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the isolates BN6 and BN14 are closely related to Streptomyces species. BN14 showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with the zone of inhibition up to 30 mm against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 0.3051 µg/mL and MBC: 9.7656 µg/mL) and Shigella sonnei (MIC: 0.3051 µg/mL and MBC: 4.882 µg/mL). Likewise, BN14 also displayed significant inhibition to Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhi. GNPS approach suggested that the extracts of BN6 and BN14 consisted of diketopiperazines ((cyclo(D-Trp-L-Pro), cyclo(L-Leu-L-4-hydroxy-Pro), cyclo(L-Phe-D-Pro), cyclo(L-Trp-L-Pro), cyclo(L-Val-L-Pro)), and polypeptide antibiotics (actinomycin D and X2). Additional chemical scaffolds such as bacterial alkaloids (bohemamine, venezueline B, and G), anthramycin-type antibiotics (abbeymycin), lipase inhibitor (ebelactone B), cytocidal (oxopropaline D), antifungal and antitumor antibiotics (reductiomycin, streptimidone, deoxynybomycin), alaremycin, fumaramidmycin, anisomycin, and others were also annotated, which were further confirmed by using the SIRIUS platform, and literature survey. Thus, the bioprospecting of natural products from Streptomyces species from Nepal could be a potential source for the discovery of clinically significant and new antimicrobial agents in the future.
Collapse
|
5
|
Deciphering waste bound nitrogen by employing psychrophillic Aporrectodea caliginosa and priming of coprolites by associated heterotrophic nitrifiers under high altitude Himalayas. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9556. [PMID: 35688921 PMCID: PMC9187671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Himalayan ecosystem is characterized by its fragile climate with rich repositories of biodiversity. Waste collection and disposal are becoming increasingly difficult due to topographical variations. Aporrectodea caligenosa, a versatile psychrophillic soil dweller, is a useful biocatalyst with potent bio-augmented capability for waste treatment at low temperatures. Microcosm experiments were conducted to elucidate the comprehensive nature of biogenic nitrogen transformation to NH4+ and NO3− produced by coupling of earthworm-microbes. Higher biogenic recovery of NH4+-N from coprolites of garden soil (47.73 ± 1.16%) and Himalayan goat manure (86.32 ± 0.92%) with an increment of 14.12 and 47.21% respectively over their respective control (without earthworms) with a linear decline beyond 4th week of incubation was reported. NO3–-N recovery progressively sustained in garden soil and goat manure coprolites during entire incubation with highest 81.81 ± 0.45 and 87.20 ± 1.08 µg-N g−1dry weight recorded in 6th and 5th week of incubation respectively and peak increments as 38.58 and 53.71% relative to respective control (without earthworms). Declined NH4+–N in coprolites at low temperature (15.0 ± 2.0 °C) evidenced increased nitrification rates by taking over the process by abundant nitrifying microbes. Steady de-nitrification with progressive incubation on an average was 16.95 ± 0.46 ng-N g−1 per week and 21.08 ± 0.87 ng-N g−1 per week compared to 14.03 ± 0.58 ng-N g−1 per week and 4.50 ± 0.31 ng-N g−1 per week in respective control treatments. Simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (SHNAD) was found to be a prominent bioprocess at low temperature that resulted in high and stable total nitrogen and nitrate accumulation from garden soil and goat manure with relative recovery efficiency of 11.12%, 14.97% and 14.20%; 19.34%. A. caligenosa shows promising prospects for mass applicability in biogenic N removal from manure of Himalayan goat.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hossain MA, Hossain MM, Begum N. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from routine clinical specimens of a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. IMC JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.55010/imcjms.16.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: To prevent the emergence and spreading of antimicrobial resistance, especially multidrug resistance in pathogenic bacteria, the selection of appropriate antibiotics is a prerequisite for the effective treatment of infection.This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This study was conducted at a teaching hospital of Dhaka city, Bangladesh from January 2020 to March 2021. The results of culture and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates from various clinical samples were collected and analysed. Identification of bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility test were performed according to the standard methods.
Results: A total of 1277 bacterial isolates was analyzed. Of them, 1072 (83.95%) were Gram-negative, and 205 (16.05%) were Gram-positive bacteria. Among the isolates, Escherichia coli (n=576), Enterobacter spp. (n=150), Klebsiella spp. (n=140), and Staphylococcus aureus (n=117) were predominant.The Enterobacteriaceae showed higher resistance to cephradine (94.3%) and cefuroxime (76.7%), whereas least resistant to imipenem (10.1%) and meropenem (14.8%). Pseudomonas spp. was highly resistant to ceftriaxone (80.2%), and colistin (70.8%), whereas least resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam (15.1%). Colistin was the most effective agent (resistance 6.7%) against Acinetobacter spp. Linezolid (resistance 1%) and vancomycin (resistance 2%) were highly effective against Gram-positive bacteria. Among the Staphylococcus aureus, 95.7% were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). A total of 889 (69.6%) bacterial isolates were identified as multidrug resistant. Multidrug resistance was more prevalent in Gram-positive isolates (79.5%) than that of Gram-negative bacteria (67.7%). Furthermore, 7.5% of Gram-negative bacterial isolates were resistant to all seven classes of antibiotics tested.
Conclusions: This study revealed presence of high rate of resistance to several antimicrobial agents in bacteria isolated from various clinical samples.The findings would help healthcare professionals to select appropriate antibiotics for the effective treatment of infections and to develop antibiotic stewardship protocol.
IMC J Med Sci 2022; 16(1): 005
*Correspondence: M. Mahboob Hossain, Microbiology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (MNS), BRAC University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212. E-mail: mmhossain@bracu.ac.bd
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Anwar Hossain
- Microbiology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (MNS), BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M. Mahboob Hossain
- Microbiology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (MNS), BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nilufar Begum
- Department of Microbiology, Bangladesh Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bano SA, Naz S, Uzair B, Hussain M, Khan MM, Bibi H, Habiba U, Nisa S, Israr M. Detection of microorganisms with antibacterial activities from different industrial wastes and GC-MS analysis of crude microbial extract. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e245585. [PMID: 34495157 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.245585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many soil microorganisms' i.e., bacteria and fungi produce secondary metabolites called antibiotics. These are used for the treatment of some of the bacterial, fungal and protozoal diseases of humans. There is a need for isolation of a broad spectrum of antibiotics from microorganisms due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. In the present study two antibiotic producing bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus were isolated from pharmaceutical and poultry feed industry of Hattar, Haripur Pakistan. Total 10 waste samples were collected from different industries (Marble, Ghee, Soap, Mineral, Steel, Poultry Feed, Pharmaceutical, Qarshi, Cosmetic and Glass). Thirty-three bacterial strains were isolated from industrial wastes of these ten different industries. Fourteen out of thirty-three bacterial strains exhibited antimicrobial activities against at least one of the test microbes considered in this study including Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. The bacteria were isolated by standard serial dilution spread plate technique. Morphological characterization of the isolates was done by Gram staining. Nine bacterial isolates out of fourteen were initially identified as B. cereus and five as K. pneumoniae through biochemical characterization. The antibacterial activities were tested by well diffusion method. Maximum number of antibiotic producing bacteria were isolated from pharmaceutical and poultry feed industry based on the results of primary screening, the most potential isolates S9, S19, S20, S22 and S23 were selected for secondary screening. The maximum activity against E. coli and S. aureus was recorded by bacterial isolate S19 i.e zones of inhibition of 6.5mm and 9mm while S20 showed 7.5mm and 6mm zones respectively. Molecular identification was carried out on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Finally, the isolates were identified as B. cereus accession number LC538271and K. pneumoniae accession number MT078679. Analysis of bacterial extract S20 through GC-MS indicated the presence of 8 compounds of diverse nature and structure. Present study suggests that wastes of pharmaceutical and poultry feed industry may have antibiotic producing bacteria. These bacteria could be utilized for the production of antibiotics. B. cereus and K. pneumoniae isolated from wastes of poultry feed and pharmaceutical industries have the potential to produce antibiotics and could be used to control the microbial growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Bano
- The University of Haripur, Department of Microbiology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Naz
- The University of Haripur, Department of Microbiology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - B Uzair
- International Islamic University, Department of Biosciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Hussain
- The University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wild Life, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M M Khan
- The University of Haripur, Department of Microbiology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - H Bibi
- Agricultural University, Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - U Habiba
- The University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wild Life, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Nisa
- The University of Haripur, Department of Microbiology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Israr
- The University of Haripur, Department of Biology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.,Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang, College of Life Science, Hebei, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prashanthi R, G K S, S K, L M. Isolation, characterization, and molecular identification of soil bacteria showing antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:120. [PMID: 34406527 PMCID: PMC8374016 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study dealt with the screening of soil bacteria with antibacterial activity from different locations in Bangalore, India. Antibiotics play the role of self-defense mechanism for the bacteria and are produced as secondary metabolites to protect themselves from other competitive microorganisms. The need for new antibiotics arose as the pathogenic bacteria acquire resistance to various antibiotics meant for treating human diseases. Given the importance of antibiotics of bacterial origin, standard techniques have been used to isolate and characterize the soil bacteria which showed antibacterial activity. RESULTS The isolated bacteria were tested against human pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae by primary and secondary screening methods. The isolates PR1, PR2, and PR3 were confirmed to have antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae by both methods. Studies on the effect of filter sterilization, autoclaving, and proteinase K treatment on culture filtrates showed filter sterilization as the best method. The effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources on the antibacterial activity showed that preference by each isolate differed for carbon and nitrogen requirements. The isolates PR1, PR2, and PR3 were identified as Bacillus aryabhattai strain PR-D07, Arthrobacter humicola strain PR-F07, and Neomicrococcus lactis strain PR-F11 through 16S rRNA sequencing. CONCLUSION Findings from this research work are encouraging and could proceed further to applied aspects. Only 3 bacterial isolates out of 263 isolates from soil samples displayed antibacterial activity against human pathogens S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae. They were identified as B. aryabhattai, A. humicola, and N. lactis by 16S rRNA studies and all of them are Gram-positive. Each isolate preferred different carbon and nitrogen sources for their enhanced antibacterial activity. Efficacy of the culture filtrates of these isolates was tested by filter sterilization, autoclaving, and proteinase K treatment. Filter-sterilized culture filtrates showed higher antibacterial activity than other treatments. A comparison of the antibacterial activity of culture filtrates and antibiotic streptomycin produced an inhibition zone of 18.5 mm and 15.5 mm respectively. This is the first report on the antibacterial activity of all the 3 bacterial strains (B. aryabhattai strain PR-D07, A. humicola strain PR-F07, and N. lactis strain PR-F11), against all the human pathogens, mentioned earlier. It is also found that the antibiotic factor is proteinaceous as proteinase K considerably reduced the antibacterial activity of the culture filtrates. With the above significant results, these 3 bacteria are considered to be promising candidates for the isolation of new antibacterial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Prashanthi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, M. S. Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Karnataka, 560054, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Shreevatsa G K
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, M. S. Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Karnataka, 560054, Bengaluru, India
| | - Krupalini S
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, M. S. Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Karnataka, 560054, Bengaluru, India
| | - Manoj L
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, M. S. Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Karnataka, 560054, Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Akbar N, Siddiqui R, Iqbal M, Sagathevan K, Kim KS, Habib F, Khan NA. Gut Bacteria of Rattus rattus (Rat) Produce Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Lipopeptides. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12261-12273. [PMID: 34056379 PMCID: PMC8154139 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Among several animals, Rattus rattus (rat) lives in polluted environments and feeds on organic waste/small invertebrates, suggesting the presence of inherent mechanisms to thwart infections. In this study, we isolated gut bacteria of rats for their antibacterial activities. Using antibacterial assays, the findings showed that the conditioned media from selected bacteria exhibited bactericidal activities against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli K1, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, and Salmonella enterica) and Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) pathogenic bacteria. The conditioned media retained their antibacterial properties upon heat treatment at boiling temperature for 10 min. Using MTT assays, the conditioned media showed minimal cytotoxic effects against human keratinocyte cells. Active conditioned media were subjected to tandem mass spectrometry, and the results showed that conditioned media from Bacillus subtilis produced a large repertoire of surfactin and iturin A (lipopeptides) molecules. To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation of lipopeptides from bacteria isolated from the rat gut. In short, these findings are important and provide a platform to develop effective antibacterial drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Akbar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Kuppusamy Sagathevan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Kwang Sik Kim
- Division of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Fazal Habib
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 27272, Unites Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Akbar N, Siddiqui R, Sagathevan K, Khan NA. Gut bacteria of animals living in polluted environments exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. Int Microbiol 2020; 23:511-526. [PMID: 32124096 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-020-00123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, in particular bacterial infections, are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality posing a global threat to human health. The emergence of antibiotic resistance has exacerbated the problem further. Hence, there is a need to search for novel sources of antibacterials. Herein, we explored gut bacteria of a variety of animals living in polluted environments for their antibacterial properties against multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria. A variety of species were procured including invertebrate species, Blaptica dubia (cockroach), Gromphadorhina portentosa (cockroach), Scylla serrata (crab), Grammostola rosea (tarantula), Scolopendra subspinipes (centipede) and vertebrate species including Varanus salvator (water monitor lizard), Malayopython reticulatus (python), Cuora amboinensis (tortoise), Oreochromis mossambicus (tilapia fish), Rattus rattus (rat), Gallus gallus domesticus (chicken) and Lithobates catesbeianus (frog). Gut bacteria of these animals were isolated and identified using microbiological, biochemical, analytical profiling index (API) and through molecluar identification using 16S rRNA sequencing. Bacterial conditioned media (CM) were prepared and tested against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria as well as human cells (HaCaT). The results revealed that CM exhibited significant broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. Upon heat inactivation, CM retained their antibacterial properties suggesting that this effect may be due to secondary metabolites or small peptides. CM showed minimal cytotoxicity against human cells. These findings suggest that gut bacteria of animals living in polluted environments produce broad-spectrum antibacterial molecule(s). The molecular identity of the active molecule(s) together with their mode of action is the subject of future studies which could lead to the rational development of novel antibacterial(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Akbar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - K Sagathevan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arthrobacter Strains from Industrial Polluted Soil and its Oxidative Potential of Choline Oxidase Gene. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.3.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
12
|
Study on Multi Drug Resistant Opportunistic Pathogens Obtained from Clinical Settings of Tamil Nadu for Developing Novel Alternative Therapeutics. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.3.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|