1
|
de Souza AF, Pieri NCG, Martins DDS. Step by Step about Germ Cells Development in Canine. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030598. [PMID: 33668687 PMCID: PMC7996183 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The progression of germ cells is a remarkable event that allows biological discovery in the differ-entiation process during in vivo and in vitro development. This is crucial for understanding one toward making oogenesis and spermatogenesis. Companion animals, such as canine, could offer new animal models for experimental and clinical testing for translation to human models. In this review, we describe the latest and more relevant findings on germ cell development. In addition, we showed the methods available for obtaining germ cells in vitro and the characterization of pri-mordial germ cells and spermatogonial stem cells. However, it is necessary to further conduct basic research in canine to clarify the beginning of germ cell development. Abstract Primordial germ cells (PGCs) have been described as precursors of gametes and provide a connection within generations, passing on the genome to the next generation. Failures in the formation of gametes/germ cells can compromise the maintenance and conservation of species. Most of the studies with PGCs have been carried out in mice, but this species is not always the best study model when transposing this knowledge to humans. Domestic animals, such as canines (canine), have become a valuable translational research model for stem cells and therapy. Furthermore, the study of canine germ cells opens new avenues for veterinary reproduction. In this review, the objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on canine germ cells. The aspects of canine development and germ cells have been discussed since the origin, specifications, and development of spermatogonial canine were first discussed. Additionally, we discussed and explored some in vitro aspects of canine reproduction with germ cells, such as embryonic germ cells and spermatogonial stem cells.
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Qiao Y, Li F, Wang H, Dong X. Optimization of porcine embryonic germ cell culture system. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:808-815. [PMID: 33029688 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Homologous feeder culture system can efficiently promote the proliferation of embryonic germ (EG) cells or embryonic stem (ES) cells while avoiding contamination by exogenous proteins and pathogens. In this study, we compared the potency of using homologous porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs), gonadal stromal cells (GSCs), porcine adipose-derived stem cells (PASCs), or porcine amniotic fluid stem (PAFS) cells as feeder cells for porcine EG growth, with the commonly used mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We compared the feeder cell growth rates; secretion of growth factors including stem cell factor (SCF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF); the effects of growth factors on porcine PGC growth; and EG growth rates when individual cells were used as feeders. Our results showed that feeder cells secreted limited amounts of growth factors, and supplementation of growth factors can significantly improve the formation of EG colonies and number of passages (P < 0.05). GSC and PEF were more suitable for EG growth because of their faster growth rate and their support on EG growth. In conclusion, this study identified novel homologous cells that can be used for EG production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Qiao
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery,, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Xiao Dong
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choi KH, Lee DK, Oh JN, Son HY, Lee CK. FGF2 Signaling Plays an Important Role in Maintaining Pluripotent State of Pig Embryonic Germ Cells. Cell Reprogram 2018; 20:301-311. [PMID: 30204498 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2018.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cells are alternative sources for deriving pluripotent stem cells. Because embryonic germ cells (EGCs) possess physiological and developmental features similar to those of embryonic stem cells, pig EGCs are considered a potential tool for generating transgenic animals for agricultural usage. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to establish and characterize pig EGCs from fetal gonads. EGC lines were derived from the genital ridges of porcine fetuses in media containing leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and stem cell factor. After establishment, these cells were cultured and stabilized in LIF- or FGF2-containing media. The cell lines were maintained under both conditions over an extended time period and spontaneously differentiated into the three germ layers in vitro. Interestingly, expression of pluripotency markers showed different patterns between cell lines cultured in LIF or FGF2. SSEA4 was only expressed in FGF2-treated pig EGCs (FGF2-pEGCs), not LIF-treated pig EGCs (LIF-pEGCs). Pluripotency genes were upregulated in FGF2-pEGCs, and germline markers were highly expressed, indicating that FGF2 supplements are more efficient in supporting the pluripotency of pEGCs. In conclusion, we verified that FGF2 signaling plays an important role in reprogramming and maintaining pEGCs from fetal gonads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hwan Choi
- 1 Animal Biotechnology Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyung Lee
- 1 Animal Biotechnology Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Nam Oh
- 1 Animal Biotechnology Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Son
- 2 Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- 1 Animal Biotechnology Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea.,3 Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University , Pyeong Chang, Kangwon do, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang H, Xiang J, Zhang W, Li J, Wei Q, Zhong L, Ouyang H, Han J. Induction of Germ Cell-like Cells from Porcine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27256. [PMID: 27264660 PMCID: PMC4893677 DOI: 10.1038/srep27256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate germ cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is valuable for human regenerative medicine and animal breeding. Germ cell-like cells (GCLCs) have been differentiated from mouse and human PSCs, but not from porcine PSCs, which are considered an ideal model for stem cell applications. Here, we developed a defined culture system for the induction of primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) from porcine induced PSCs (piPSCs). The identity of the PGCLCs was characterized by observing cell morphology, detecting germ cell marker gene expression and evaluating epigenetic properties. PGCLCs could further differentiate into spermatogonial stem cell-like cells (SSCLCs) in vitro. Importantly, meiosis occurred during SSCLC induction. Xenotransplantation of GCLCs into seminiferous tubules of infertile immunodeficient mice resulted in immunohistochemically identifiable germ cells in vivo. Overall, our study provides a feasible strategy for directing piPSCs to the germ cell fate and lays a foundation for exploring germ cell development mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanning Wang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinzhu Xiang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junhong Li
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingqing Wei
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Jianyong Han
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Ma J, Li H, Lv J, Wei R, Cong Y, Liu Z. bFGF signaling-mediated reprogramming of porcine primordial germ cells. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 364:429-41. [PMID: 26613602 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) have the ability to be reprogrammed into embryonic germ cells (EGCs) in vitro and are an alternative source of embryonic stem cells. Other than for the mouse, the systematic characterization of mammalian PGCs is still lacking, especially the process by which PGCs convert to pluripotency. This hampers the understanding of germ cell development and the derivation of authenticated EGCs from other species. We observed the morphological development of the genital ridge from Bama miniature pigs and found primary sexual differentiation in the E28 porcine embryo, coinciding with Blimp1 nuclear exclusion in PGCs. To explore molecular events involved in porcine PGC reprogramming, transcriptome data of porcine EGCs and fetal fibroblasts (FFs) were assembled and 1169 differentially expressed genes were used for Gene Ontology analysis. These genes were significantly enriched in cell-surface receptor-linked signal transduction, in agreement with the activation of LIF/Stat3 signaling and FGF signaling during the derivation of porcine EG-like cells. Using a growth-factor-defined culture system, we explored the effects of bFGF on the process and found that bFGF not only functioned at the very beginning of PGC dedifferentiation by impeding Blimp1 nuclear expression via a PI3K/AKT-dependent pathway but also maintained the viability of cultured PGCs thereafter. These results provide further insights into the development of germ cells from livestock and the mechanism of porcine PGC reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Lv
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Renyue Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimei Cong
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Park KM, Hussein KH, Ghim JH, Ahn C, Cha SH, Lee GS, Hong SH, Yang S, Woo HM. Hepatic differentiation of porcine embryonic stem cells for translational research of hepatocyte transplantation. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:775-9. [PMID: 25891729 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Porcine embryonic stem cells (ES) are considered attractive preclinical research tools for human liver diseases. Although several studies previously reported generation of porcine ES, none of these studies has described hepatic differentiation from porcine ES. The aim of this study was to generate hepatocytes from porcine ES and analyze their characteristics. We optimized conditions for definitive endoderm induction and developed a 4-step hepatic differentiation protocol. A brief serum-free condition with activin A efficiently induced definitive endoderm differentiation from porcine ES. The porcine ES-derived hepatocyte-like cells highly expressed hepatic markers including albumin and α-fetoprotein, and displayed liver characteristics such as glycogen storage, lipid production, and low-density lipoprotein uptake. For the first time, we describe a highly efficient protocol for hepatic differentiation from porcine ES. Our findings provide valuable information for translational liver research using porcine models, including hepatic regeneration and transplant studies, drug screening, and toxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Park
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - K H Hussein
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - J H Ghim
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - C Ahn
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea; College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - S H Cha
- Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Korea
| | - G S Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - S H Hong
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea; College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - S Yang
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea; College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - H M Woo
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dong X, Li Y, Wang H. Optimization of culture conditions for porcine embryonic germ cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:131-6. [PMID: 26487431 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Dong
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Li
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abbasi N, Hashemi SM, Salehi M, Jahani H, Mowla SJ, Soleimani M, Hosseinkhani H. Influence of oriented nanofibrous PCL scaffolds on quantitative gene expression during neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:155-64. [PMID: 26255987 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells in combination with three-dimensional electrospun nanofibers as an artificial extracellular matrix can be utilized to reconstruct a spinal cord defect. In this study, random and parallel-aligned nanofibrous poly ɛ-caprolactone was fabricated using electrospinning. Its hydrophobicity was modified by O2 plasma treatment to facilitate enhanced cell attachment. Embryoid bodies (EBs), which contain all three embryonic germ layers, were cultured on poly ɛ-caprolactone scaffolds to study the effect of fiber orientation on cell morphology and differentiation. Cell morphology and neuron-specific gene and protein expressions were, respectively, evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunocytochemistry. Although two types of nanofibrous scaffolds showed neural marker expression at the protein level, cells on randomly oriented scaffolds showed short-range topographical guidance and stretched across multiple directions, whereas cells on the parallel scaffolds exhibited long extension with enhanced neuron outgrowth along the fiber, producing oriented extracellular matrix, leading to direct cell migration and nerve regeneration. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that both aligned and random electrospun nanofibers downregulated the precursor neural marker Nestin compared with that in the control group, a gelatin-coated tissue culture plate (T). Analysis also showed higher expression of dorso-ventral neural markers (Isl1/2 and Lim1/2) than motor neuron progenitor markers (Pax6, Nkx6.1, and olig2) in aligned nanofibers than in the T group. Moreover, aligned nanofibers showed higher expression of mature neural specific markers such as β-tub and Map2 than those in the randomly oriented scaffolds. Therefore, we conclude that nanofibers with different orientations can support the neural lineage, but aligned nanofibrous scaffolds are superior candidates to promote the advancement of neural precursors to achieve maturity during the differentiation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Abbasi
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Salehi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Jahani
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Mowla
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|