1
|
González Maciel A, Rosas López LE, Romero-Velázquez RM, Ramos-Morales A, Ponce-Macotela M, Calderón-Guzmán D, Trujillo-Jiménez F, Alfaro-Rodríguez A, Reynoso-Robles R. Postnatal zinc deficiency due to giardiasis disrupts hippocampal and cerebellar development. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012302. [PMID: 38950061 PMCID: PMC11244800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giardiasis and zinc deficiency have been identified as serious health problems worldwide. Although Zn depletion is known to occur in giardiasis, no work has investigated whether changes occur in brain structures. METHODS Three groups of gerbils were used: control (1), orogastrically inoculated on day 3 after birth with trophozoites of two isolates of Giardia intestinalis (HGINV/WB) group (2 and 3). Estimates were made at five ages covering: establishment of infection, Giardia population growth, natural parasite clearance and a post-infection age. QuantiChrome zinc assay kit, cresyl violet staining and TUNEL technique were used. RESULTS A significant decrease (p<0.01) in tissue zinc was observed and persisted after infection. Cytoarchitectural changes were observed in 75% of gerbils in the HGINV or WB groups. Ectopic pyramidal neurons were found in the cornus ammonis (CA1-CA3). At 60 and 90 days of age loss of lamination was clearly visible in CA1. In the dentate gyrus (DG), thinning of the dorsal lamina and abnormal thickening of the ventral lamina were observed from 30 days of age. In the cerebellum, we found an increase (p<0.01) in the thickness of the external granular layer (EGL) at 14 days of age that persisted until day 21 (C 3 ± 0.3 μm; HGINV 37 ± 5 μm; WB 28 ± 3 μm); Purkinje cell population estimation showed a significant decrease; a large number of apoptotic somas were observed scattered in the molecular layer; in 60 and 90 days old gerbils we found granular cell heterotopia and Purkinje cell ectopia. The pattern of apoptosis was different in the cerebellum and hippocampus of parasitized gerbils. CONCLUSION The morphological changes found suggest that neuronal migration is affected by zinc depletion caused by giardiasis in early postnatal life; for the first time, the link between giardiasis-zinc depletion and damaged brain structures is shown. This damage may explain the psychomotor/cognitive delay associated with giardiasis. These findings are alarming. Alterations in zinc metabolism and signalling are known to be involved in many brain disorders, including autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica González Maciel
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Elizabeth Rosas López
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Romero-Velázquez
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Ramos-Morales
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Ponce-Macotela
- Laboratory of Experimental Parasitology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Calderón-Guzmán
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alfonso Alfaro-Rodríguez
- Division of Neurosciences, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Reynoso-Robles
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van der Heijden ME. Converging and Diverging Cerebellar Pathways for Motor and Social Behaviors in Mice. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01706-w. [PMID: 38780757 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies has shown that the cerebellum contributes to cognitive functions, including social behaviors. Now that the cerebellum's role in a wider range of behaviors has been confirmed, the question arises whether the cerebellum contributes to social behaviors via the same mechanisms with which it modulates movements. This review seeks to answer whether the cerebellum guides motor and social behaviors through identical pathways. It focuses on studies in which cerebellar cells, synapses, or genes are manipulated in a cell-type specific manner followed by testing of the effects on social and motor behaviors. These studies show that both anatomically restricted and cerebellar cortex-wide manipulations can lead to social impairments without abnormal motor control, and vice versa. These studies suggest that the cerebellum employs different cellular, synaptic, and molecular pathways for social and motor behaviors. Future studies warrant a focus on the diverging mechanisms by which the cerebellum contributes to a wide range of neural functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meike E van der Heijden
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA.
- Center for Neurobiology Research, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA.
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim M, Jun S, Park H, Tanaka-Yamamoto K, Yamamoto Y. Regulation of cerebellar network development by granule cells and their molecules. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1236015. [PMID: 37520428 PMCID: PMC10375027 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1236015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The well-organized cerebellar structures and neuronal networks are likely crucial for their functions in motor coordination, motor learning, cognition, and emotion. Such cerebellar structures and neuronal networks are formed during developmental periods through orchestrated mechanisms, which include not only cell-autonomous programs but also interactions between the same or different types of neurons. Cerebellar granule cells (GCs) are the most numerous neurons in the brain and are generated through intensive cell division of GC precursors (GCPs) during postnatal developmental periods. While GCs go through their own developmental processes of proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation, they also play a crucial role in cerebellar development. One of the best-characterized contributions is the enlargement and foliation of the cerebellum through massive proliferation of GCPs. In addition to this contribution, studies have shown that immature GCs and GCPs regulate multiple factors in the developing cerebellum, such as the development of other types of cerebellar neurons or the establishment of afferent innervations. These studies have often found impairments of cerebellar development in animals lacking expression of certain molecules in GCs, suggesting that the regulations are mediated by molecules that are secreted from or present in GCs. Given the growing recognition of GCs as regulators of cerebellar development, this review will summarize our current understanding of cerebellar development regulated by GCs and molecules in GCs, based on accumulated studies and recent findings, and will discuss their potential further contributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muwoong Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jun
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoun Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keiko Tanaka-Yamamoto
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yukio Yamamoto
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Wei K, Qu W, Wang M, Zhu Q, Dong X, Huang X, Yi W, Xu S, Li X. Ogt Deficiency Induces Abnormal Cerebellar Function and Behavioral Deficits of Adult Mice through Modulating RhoA/ROCK Signaling. J Neurosci 2023; 43:4559-4579. [PMID: 37225434 PMCID: PMC10286951 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1962-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the essential roles of O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) and O-GlcNAcylation in neuronal development, function and neurologic diseases. However, the function of Ogt and O-GlcNAcylation in the adult cerebellum has not been well elucidated. Here, we have found that cerebellum has the highest level of O-GlcNAcylation relative to cortex and hippocampus of adult male mice. Specific deletion of Ogt in granule neuron precursors (GNPs) induces abnormal morphology and decreased size of the cerebellum in adult male Ogt deficient [conditional knock-out (cKO)] mice. Adult male cKO mice show the reduced density and aberrant distribution of cerebellar granule cells (CGCs), the disrupted arrangement of Bergman glia (BG) and Purkinje cells. In addition, adult male cKO mice exhibit aberrant synaptic connection, impaired motor coordination, and learning and memory abilities. Mechanistically, we have identified G-protein subunit α12 (Gα12) is modified by Ogt-mediated O-GlcNAcylation. O-GlcNAcylation of Gα12 facilitates its binding to Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 (Arhgef12) and consequently activates RhoA/ROCK signaling. RhoA/ROCK pathway activator LPA can rescue the developmental deficits of Ogt deficient CGCs. Therefore, our study has revealed the critical function and related mechanisms of Ogt and O-GlcNAcylation in the cerebellum of adult male mice.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cerebellar function are regulated by diverse mechanisms. To unveil novel mechanisms is critical for understanding the cerebellar function and the clinical therapy of cerebellum-related diseases. In the present study, we have shown that O-GlcNAc transferase gene (Ogt) deletion induces abnormal cerebellar morphology, synaptic connection, and behavioral deficits of adult male mice. Mechanistically, Ogt catalyzes O-GlcNAcylation of Gα12, which promotes the binding to Arhgef12, and regulates RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Our study has uncovered the important roles of Ogt and O-GlcNAcylation in regulating cerebellar function and cerebellum-related behavior. Our results suggest that Ogt and O-GlcNAcylation could be potential targets for some cerebellum-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Kaiyan Wei
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Wenzheng Qu
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Mengxuan Wang
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Xiaoxue Dong
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Wen Yi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Shunliang Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Xuekun Li
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee SY, Kweon H, Kang H, Kim E. Age-differential sexual dimorphisms in CHD8-S62X-mutant mouse synapses and transcriptomes. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1111388. [PMID: 36873104 PMCID: PMC9978779 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chd8+/N2373K mice with a human C-terminal-truncating mutation (N2373K) display autistic-like behaviors in juvenile and adult males but not in females. In contrast, Chd8+/S62X mice with a human N-terminal-truncating mutation (S62X) display behavioral deficits in juvenile males (not females) and adult males and females, indicative of age-differential sexually dimorphic behaviors. Excitatory synaptic transmission is suppressed and enhanced in male and female Chd8+/S62X juveniles, respectively, but similarly enhanced in adult male and female mutants. ASD-like transcriptomic changes are stronger in newborn and juvenile (but not adult) Chd8+/S62X males but in newborn and adult (not juvenile) Chd8+/S62X females. These results point to age-differential sexual dimorphisms in Chd8+/S62X mice at synaptic and transcriptomic levels, in addition to the behavioral level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseul Kweon
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|