Attributes of caregivers' quality of life: A perspective comparison between spousal and non-spousal caregivers of older patients with cancer

Quality of Life in Chordoma Co-Survivors: Results from the Chordoma Foundation Survivorship Survey

BACKGROUND

Chordomas are a rare form of aggressive bone cancer and are associated with poor quality of life (QOL). The present study sought to characterize demographic and clinical characteristics associated with QOL in chordoma co-survivors (caregivers of patients with chordoma) and assess whether co-survivors access care for QOL challenges.

METHODS

The Chordoma Foundation Survivorship Survey was electronically distributed to chordoma co-survivors. Survey questions assessed emotional/cognitive and social QOL, with significant QOL challenges being defined as experiencing ≥5 challenges within either of these domains. The Fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze bivariate associations between patient/caretaker characteristics and QOL challenges.

RESULTS

Among the 229 respondents to our survey, nearly half (48.5%) reported a high number (≥5) of emotional/cognitive QOL challenges. Co-survivors younger than 65 years were significantly more likely to experience a high number of emotional/cognitive QOL challenges (P < 0.0001), whereas co-survivors >10 years past the end of treatment were significantly less likely to experience a high number of emotional/cognitive QOL challenges (P = 0.012). When asked about access to resources, a lack of knowledge of resources to address their emotional/cognitive and social QOL issues (34% and 35%, respectively) was the most common response.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that younger co-survivors are at high risk for adverse emotional QOL outcomes. In addition, more than one third of co-survivors did not know about resources to address their QOL issues. Our study may help guide organizational efforts to provide care and support to patients with chordoma and their loved ones.

Caregiver Burden among Family Caregivers of Cancer Survivors Aged 75 Years or Older in Japan: A Pilot Study

The purpose of this study was to assess the burden of caregiving among family caregivers of cancer survivors aged 75 years or older in Japan. We included family caregivers of cancer survivors aged 75 years or older who were attending two hospitals in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, or receiving treatment during home visits. A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on previous studies. We obtained 37 responses from 37 respondents. Excluding those with incomplete responses, we had data from 35 respondents for analysis. The factor that significantly influenced the burden of caregiving for cancer survivors aged 75 years or older and family caregivers living together was the provision of full-time care (p = 0.041). Helping cancer survivors manage money (p = 0.055) was also associated with a higher burden. For family caregivers living separately, a more detailed examination of the association between the sense of caregiving burden and distance of travel to provide home-visit care is necessary, along with more support to attend hospitals with cancer survivors.

Effect of caregiver burden on anticipatory grief among caregivers of elderly cancer patients: Chain mediation role of family functioning and resilience

This study aimed to explore the relationship between caregiver burden and anticipatory grief among caregivers of elderly cancer patients, and to examine the chain mediation effects of family functioning and resilience. A total of 624 valid questionnaires were collected. The Structural Equation Model was established to test the mediating effects of family functioning and resilience. Results showed that caregiver burden has a direct positive effect on anticipatory grief, both family functioning and resilience have negative effects on caregiver burden and anticipatory grief, and that resilience moderates the mediating effect of family functioning. Our findings suggest that reducing the caregiver burden among caregivers of elderly cancer patients, improving family functioning, and enhancing resilience have important effects in alleviating the anticipatory grief of caregivers. Our findings provide some references for further research. Medical staff should better understand the grief experience of caregivers and implement interventions to enable caregivers to better cope with anticipatory grief and psychological stress, so as to promote the quality of care for elderly cancer patients.

Men's perspectives of caring for a female partner with cancer: A longitudinal narrative study

Increasing evidence on men's involvement in informal, unpaid care has not transferred to the research literature around men's experiences. The aim was to explore the perspectives of men who are caring for a female partner with cancer over 1 year. Longitudinal narrative interviews (n = 22) were conducted with eight men in the UK from 2018 to 2019. Participants were aged from 32 to 76 years old, were all white British and in heterosexual relationships with women diagnosed with a range of cancer types. Interviews were transcribed and then analysed using a structural and performance approach to narrative analysis. We present, across four scenes, a process of change, transition and emotion management as the men were launched into a role that came with new responsibilities and expectations. Our study advances knowledge by highlighting the way that men perform and reflect on their negotiation with masculine discourses while supporting their partner, with implications for policy, research and practice.

What contextual factors account for anxiety and depressed mood in hospice family caregivers?

OBJECTIVE

End-of-life caregiving is associated with poorer mental health compared with other caregiving. The objective of this study was to examine the association between contextual characteristics and appraisal factors on family caregivers' mental health and well-being.

METHODS

Family hospice caregivers were recruited across four states using a non-probabilistic sampling approach. This study analyzed contextual (demographic, caregiving, economic) and appraisal factors (Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, Zarit Burden Interview) on caregivers' anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, and positive affect and well-being (Positive Affect and Well-being Scale). Hierarchical linear regression models were generated in SPSS version 24.

RESULTS

Data from 102 family caregivers were analyzed. On average, participants were 58.93 years of age (SD = 14.24), mostly female (72.55%), spouses/partners (51.96%), and non-Hispanic White (78.43%). Most (75.49%) described their financial situation as comfortable or more than adequate. Younger age (B = -0.11, 95% CI = -0.18 to -0.05) and increased caregiving burden (B = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.09 to 0.27) were associated with increased anxiety, while lower perceived financial adequacy (B = -1.19, 95% CI = -2.07 to -0.32), lower social support (B = -0.04, 95% CI = -0.06 to -0.01), and increased caregiving burden (B = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.08-0.22) were associated with worsened depression. Greater social support (B = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.05-0.14) and lower caregiving burden (B = -0.19, 95% CI = -0.32 to -0.07) were associated with greater positive affect and well-being.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings suggest significant impact of contextual factors on mental health and well-being, and support the need for holistic assessment of hospice caregivers' wellbeing and programs and policies providing social services and economic support to caregivers.

Exploring dyadic management of nutrition care throughout and beyond head and neck cancer treatment

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

To identify how patients and carers collaborate to manage nutrition care throughout and beyond head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment as a step towards identifying changes to service delivery that are inclusive of the needs of the patient-carer dyad.

BACKGROUND

Research in the field of dyadic interventions in cancer care is emerging, and there has been little work exploring patient-carer dyad needs in the provision of nutrition care in HNC.

DESIGN

A qualitative study design was used.

METHODS

Narrative interviews were completed with 13 patients and 15 carers over a 12-month period (prior to treatment commencing, and 2 weeks, 3 months and 12 months post-treatment completion). Deductive analysis of interview transcripts was performed using directed content analysis guided by the Theory of Dyadic Illness Management (TDIM). COREQ guidelines were used.

RESULTS

Seven themes across four TDIM constructs were identified: (1) understanding and adapting to physical challenges impacting nutrition intake, (2) adjusting to emotional impact of changes to eating and drinking, (3) providing practical support, (4) intrapersonal characteristics, (5) interpersonal characteristics, (6) healthcare culture and (7) managing carer burnout.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the importance of healthcare professionals recognising the patient and carer dyad as a team to enhance engagement in nutrition care and to ensure that their physical and psychological support needs across the cancer continuum are met.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE

It is important that healthcare professionals understand information and support needs and preferences within patient-carer dyads prior to HNC treatment commencing and adapt care and interventions based on their changing needs throughout and beyond the treatment period.

Coping Strategies for Stress and Self-Efficacy in Patients With Cancer and Their Spouses: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND

Cancer is one of the most important diseases of the present century worldwide. Patients and their spouses can find more difficulty accepting the diagnosis of cancer than its phases of treatment. Both the physical health and mental health of the patient and spouse are important in the process of recovery from cancer and its treatment.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between coping strategies for stress and self-efficacy in patients with cancer and that of their spouses.

METHODS

In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 91 patients and their 91 spouses completed the Endler and Parker Coping Inventory, the Sherer General Self-Efficacy Scale, and a demographic information questionnaire.

RESULTS

The problem-oriented coping style was used more than the other strategies by patients with cancer and their spouses. The least used coping style by patients and their spouses was the avoidance style. The self-efficacy of patients and their spouses was above average. Self-efficacy was directly and moderately correlated with problem-oriented coping style (P < .001) and inversely and moderately correlated with emotion-oriented coping style (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

Adoption of strategies like training and consulting may enhance the problem-focused coping style and reduce emotion-focused coping style and therefore lead to increased self-efficacy in patients and their spouses.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE

Healthcare providers', especially nurses', knowledge and sensitivity about the coping strategies of patients with cancer and their spouses may help providers select more effective interventions for improving patients' and their spouses' effective coping styles and self-efficacy.

Caregiving burden of informal caregivers of older adults with advanced cancer: The effects of rurality and education

OBJECTIVES

Rural-urban disparities in the experiences of caregivers of older adults with advanced cancer may exist. This study examined factors associated with caregiver mastery and burden and explored whether rural-urban disparities in caregiver outcomes differed by education.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Longitudinal data (baseline, 4-6 weeks, and 3 months) on caregivers of older adults (≥ 70) with advanced cancer were obtained from a multicenter geriatric assessment (GA) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02107443). Rurality was determined based on 2010 Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes. Caregivers' education was categorized as ≥ some college vs ≤ high school. Caregiver outcomes included Ryff Environmental Mastery (scored 7-35) and Caregiver Reaction Assessment (including self-esteem, disrupted schedules, financial problems, lack of social support, and health problems; each scored 1-5). Separate linear mixed models with interaction term of education and rurality were performed.

RESULTS

Of 414 caregivers, 64 (15.5%) were from rural areas and 263 (63.5%) completed ≥ some college. Rurality was significantly associated with more disrupted schedules (β = 0.21), financial problems (β = 0.17), and lack of social support (β = 0.11). A significant interaction between education and rurality was found, with rurality associated with lower mastery (β = -1.27) and more disrupted schedule (β = 0.25), financial problems (β = 0.33), and lack of social support (β = 0.32) among caregivers with education ≤ high school.

CONCLUSION

Our study identifies subgroups of caregivers who are vulnerable to caregiving burden, specifically those from rural areas and with lower education. Multifaceted interventions are needed to improve caregivers' competency and reduce caregiving burden.

Carga de cuidado de los cuidadores familiares y nivel de dependencia de su familiar

Introducción: La enfermedad crónica, los procesos terminales, la vejez y la supervivencia de personas con comorbilidades, discapacidades físicas o psíquicas, además de los cambios en los sistemas de salud, han trasladado el cuidado a la familia y a los cuidadores familiares. Objetivo: Determinar la carga del cuidado en el cuidador familiar y el nivel de dependencia funcional o enfermedad crónica de su familiar. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte trasversal, desarrollado en la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia) de noviembre de 2017 a septiembre de 2019. La muestra fueron 494 personas, a conveniencia. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Zarit, Pulses y variables sociodemográficas. Los datos se analizaron con el programa SPSS versión 25. A las variables de tipo cuantitativo se les aplicaron medidas de centro y dispersión. Para las cualitativas se analizaron sus frecuencias. Resultados: El 89,7 % de la muestra son del sexo femenino, con una edad media de 53,5 años; el 39 % está soltero; el 75,6 % estudió hasta secundaria; el 83,1 % se dedica al hogar y lleva como cuidador 8,6 años, y el 87,9 % es el cuidador principal, con problemas del sistema cardiovascular, nervioso y osteomuscular. Para el 29,4 % de los participantes la carga es severa, seguida de moderada y el nivel de dependencia de la persona que cuidan es severo, en el 71 % de los casos. Conclusiones: En nuestro medio, la mayoría son cuidadoras, solteras, encargadas del hogar y cuidan a un familiar (padre-hijo). La sobrecarga del cuidado es excesiva, porque cuidan a personas con dependencia severa.

Does Family Caregiver Burden Differ Between Elderly and Younger Caregivers in Supporting Dying Patients With Cancer? An Italian Study

CONTEXT

The aging of the world's population increasingly calls on older people to care for their cancer relatives. This scenario confronts clinicians involved with end-of-life care with an imposing challenge: elderly family caregivers could have a different perception of the burdens associated with assistance compared to their younger counterparts. Palliativists need to know what limits and resources of these new age categories of caregivers could be for a global management of dying patients with cancer and their family.

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the caregiver burden in family caregivers supporting dying patients with cancer in order to compare the differences between 2 different caregivers age groups (younger vs elderly population).

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 174 family caregivers of hospice patients were interviewed through the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI). The sample group was divided into 2 subgroups aged <65 (younger group) and ≥65 years old (elderly group).

RESULTS

Compared with younger caregivers, the elderly group reported significantly higher scores in the CBI-developmental subscale (P = .009) confirmed by the generalized linear model (multivariate) evaluation that included possible predictors in the model. No further differences were found between the 2 age groups in the other CBI scores (time-dependent, physical, social, emotional, and overall score).

CONCLUSION

Elderly caregivers are at high risk for experiencing developmental burden. This finding could prompt mental health professionals to pay greater attention to the value that assistance to the family member can have on their personal story and on that of the family or couple.