1
|
Kim SH, Kim JH, Choi YM, Seo SM, Jang EY, Lee SJ, Zhang H, Roh Y, Jung YW, Park CO, Jeong DH, Lee KH. Development of a biomarker-based platform for comprehensive skin characterization using minimally invasive skin sampling and quantitative real-time PCR. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13908. [PMID: 39141418 PMCID: PMC11323771 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classifying diverse skin types is crucial for promoting skin health. However, efficiently identifying and analyzing relevant biomarkers from a vast array of available genetic data is challenging. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a precise and efficient platform for analyzing specific skin biomarkers using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) with the minimal invasive skin sampling method (MISSM). MATERIALS AND METHODS MISSM was used for RNA extraction from skin samples, followed by qRT-PCR analysis to quantify the expression of 20 biomarkers associated with skin characteristics (four biomarkers each for five skin characteristics). Noninvasive measurements from 299 Korean participants were utilized to correlate biomarker expression with skin parameters. Statistical analyses were conducted between biomarker expression levels and noninvasive skin measurements to select the relatively best-performing biomarker for each skin characteristic. RESULTS Collagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1) and moesin (MSN) were identified as skin aging biomarkers. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5 (SPINK5) were identified as skin dryness biomarkers, whereas melan-A (MLANA) was selected as a biomarker for understanding pigmentation dynamics. Myelin protein zero like 3 (MPZL3) and high mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) were identified as markers of oily skin and skin sensitivity, respectively. Statistically significant correlations were found between the biomarker expression levels and noninvasive skin characteristic measurements. CONCLUSION This study successfully developed a platform for the precise evaluation of individual skin characteristics using MISSM and qRT-PCR biomarker analysis. By selecting biomarkers that correlate with noninvasive measurements of skin characteristics, we demonstrated the platform's efficacy in assessing diverse skin conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Hyeong Kim
- Cutis Biomedical Research Center Co. Ltd.SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Cutis Biomedical Research Center Co. Ltd.SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yoon Mi Choi
- Cutis Biomedical Research Center Co. Ltd.SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Su Min Seo
- Cutis Biomedical Research Center Co. Ltd.SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Jang
- Cutis Biomedical Research Center Co. Ltd.SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Lee
- Cutis Biomedical Research Center Co. Ltd.SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyun‐Soo Zhang
- Biostatistics Collaboration UnitDepartment of Biomedical Systems InformaticsYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yunho Roh
- Biostatistics Collaboration UnitDepartment of Biomedical Systems InformaticsYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yeon Woo Jung
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang Ook Park
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Kwang Hoon Lee
- Cutis Biomedical Research Center Co. Ltd.SeoulRepublic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang Y, Zhou W, Liu S, Zeng D, Zhou W. Association between polymorphisms and atopic dermatitis susceptibility: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gene 2024; 913:148397. [PMID: 38513928 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease that is closely linked to genetic factors. Previous studies have revealed numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that been related to susceptibility to AD; however, the results are conflicting. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the associations of these polymorphisms and AD risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were retrieved to identify eligible studies, with selected polymorphisms being reported in a minimum of three separate studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate study quality. Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 14.0 were used to perform the meta-analysis. RESULTS After screening, 64 studies involving 13 genes (24 SNPs) were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Nine SNPs were positively correlated with AD susceptibility [filaggrin (FLG) R501X, FLG 2282del4, chromosome 11q13.5 rs7927894, interleukin (IL)-17A rs2275913, IL-18 -137 G/C, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) rs5743708, TLR2 A-16934 T, serine protease inhibitor Kazal type-5 (SPINK5) Asn368Ser, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) T874A] and one was negatively associated with AD susceptibility (IL-4 -1098 T/G). The 14 remaining SNPs were not significantly associated with AD susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Nine SNPs that may be risk factors and one SNP that may be a protective factor for AD were identified, providing a reference for AD prediction, prevention, and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Allergy, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Allergy, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Shunan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Allergy, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Dan Zeng
- Department of Allergy, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Weikang Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Allergy, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fang Y, Xiang W, Cui J, Jiao B, Su X. Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Citrus Flavonoid Diosmetin: An Updated Review of Experimental Models. Molecules 2024; 29:1521. [PMID: 38611801 PMCID: PMC11013832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential contributor to various human diseases. Diosmetin (3',5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone), a citrus flavonoid, can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent. All the information in this article was collected from various research papers from online scientific databases such as PubMed and Web of Science. These studies have demonstrated that diosmetin can slow down the progression of inflammation by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators through modulating related pathways, predominantly the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In this review, we discuss the anti-inflammatory properties of diosmetin in cellular and animal models of various inflammatory diseases for the first time. We have identified some deficiencies in current research and offer suggestions for further advancement. In conclusion, accumulating evidence so far suggests a very important role for diosmetin in the treatment of various inflammatory disorders and suggests it is a candidate worthy of in-depth investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (W.X.); (J.C.)
| | - Wei Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (W.X.); (J.C.)
| | - Jinwei Cui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (W.X.); (J.C.)
| | - Bining Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China;
| | - Xuesu Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (W.X.); (J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tong T, Geng R, Kang SG, Li X, Huang K. Revitalizing Photoaging Skin through Eugenol in UVB-Exposed Hairless Mice: Mechanistic Insights from Integrated Multi-Omics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:168. [PMID: 38397766 PMCID: PMC10886361 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure causes photoaging, which is primarily responsible for skin damage. Nutritional intervention is a viable strategy for preventing and treating skin photoaging. Eugenol (EU) presents anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, promotes wound healing, and provides contact dermatitis relief. This study explored the ability of EU to mitigate skin photoaging caused by UVB exposure in vitro and in vivo. EU alleviated UVB-induced skin photodamage in skin cells, including oxidative stress damage and extracellular matrix (ECM) decline. Dietary EU alleviated skin photoaging by promoting skin barrier repair, facilitating skin tissue regeneration, and modulating the skin microenvironment in photoaged mice. The transcriptome sequencing results revealed that EU changed the skin gene expression profiles. Subsequent pathway enrichment analyses indicated that EU might reverse the pivotal ECM-receptor interaction and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathways. Furthermore, EU alleviated the intestinal dysbiosis induced by chronic UVB exposure. Spearman analysis results further revealed the close connection between gut microbiota and skin photoaging. Considering the near-inevitable UVB exposure in modern living, the findings showed that the EU effectively reverted skin photoaging, offering a potential strategy for addressing extrinsic skin aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.G.); (K.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruixuan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.G.); (K.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Seong-Gook Kang
- Department of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muangun 58554, Republic of Korea;
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.G.); (K.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim WH, Choi WJ, Kim JE, Choi J, Hong YD, Nam J, Park WS, Shim SM. Kinetic conversion of BIOGF1K enriched in compound K from in vitro 3-D human tissue model. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2023; 5:100165. [PMID: 37869704 PMCID: PMC10589745 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2023.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The purposes of current study were to investigate the effect of ginsenosides from BIOGF1K enriched in compound K (CK) and compound Y (CY) on the skin barrier function, the deposition in in vitro 3-D human tissue model (EpiDermFT™ Full Thickness 400), and to identify and quantify kinetic bioconversion of the ginsenosides in artificial skin by utilizing the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), respectively. Epidermal barrier integrity evaluated using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was significantly higher in the BIOGF1K treatment than the CY or CK individual treatment throughout incubation (p < 0.05). Skin deposition (%) of CY and CK from BIOGF1K treatment was approximately 4 and 2 times higher than the CY and CK single component treatment, respectively. Total amount of CK found in human skin by deposition and bioconversion was approximately 1087.3, 528.82, and 867.76 μM after topical treatment of BIOGF1K, CK, and CY. Results from the current study reveal that topical treatment of BIOGF1K more effectively induced CK deposition as well as bioconversion of CY to CK than that of a single treatment of CY or CK, suggesting that BIOGF1K could be a useful cosmetic preparation for enhancing skin function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Won-Jo Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Joonho Choi
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, 17074, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yong-Deok Hong
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, 17074, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jin Nam
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, 17074, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Won-Seok Park
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, 17074, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Soon-Mi Shim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hua C, Liang Q, Chen S, Zhu J, Tang Y, Chen X, Song Y, van der Veen S, Cheng H. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell treatment alleviates symptoms in an atopic dermatitis-like mouse model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:147. [PMID: 37248497 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common immune and inflammatory skin disorders, leading to insufferable itching and skin abnormalities that seriously affect life quality of patients. There are still huge unmet needs for long-term and effective disease control, despite currently available therapies. Evidenced by some preclinical and clinical studies of AD treatment with stem cells, stem cell treatment could significantly and effectively ameliorate AD symptoms. OBJECTIVES To elucidate underlying mechanisms of how stem cells therapy alleviates AD-like symptoms. METHODS An AD-like mouse model was constructed and treated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) subcutaneously or subcutaneously combined with intravenously. The differentially expressed genes were sorted out from RNA sequencing results of dorsal skin and blood. RESULTS Two injection routes of MSCs could alleviate AD-like symptoms and pathologic changes of the skin and immune organs. RNA sequencing of dorsal skin sections and blood provided gene expression signatures for amelioration of skin defects, inflammatory and immune modulation by MSCs, as well as common AD molecular markers for the skin and blood, which may benefit for clinical diagnosis. IL-1β and its signaling pathway were specifically found to be associated with the development of AD-like dermatitis lesions. MSC treatment effectively inhibited the JAK-STAT pathway and receptors of IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, and IgE. CONCLUSIONS MSC therapy could regulate abnormal immune and inflammatory status in AD. Mechanistic exploration will contribute to the development of personalized AD treatment based on MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunting Hua
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichang Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siji Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhen Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinjing Song
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Stijn van der Veen
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Microbiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Choi S, Kim T. Compound K-An immunomodulator of macrophages in inflammation. Life Sci 2023; 323:121700. [PMID: 37068708 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Compound K (CK) is a secondary ginsenoside biotransformed from ginseng. This review discusses the function of CK as a potential ligand of the glucocorticoid receptor and a regulator of macrophage inflammatory responses. We provide findings on the ability of CK to inhibit the activation of M1 macrophages and promote the activation and differentiation of M2 macrophages. In addition, the effect of inhibiting the inflammasome response was collected. We summarized the evidences that CK is effective in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sepsis associated encephalopathy, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and diabetes. These findings suggest the potential of CK as a therapeutic agent that can resolve inflammation and restore homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Choi
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim WH, Kim JE, Kim S, Na Y, Hong YD, Choi J, Park WS, Shim SM. Bioconversion of BIOGF1K, a compound-K-rich fraction from ginseng root and its effect on epidermal barrier function. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14803. [PMID: 37025761 PMCID: PMC10070716 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BIOGF1K, the ginseng root-based and hydrolyzed ginsenoside-rich fraction, is known to improve skin damage, but there are rare studies on the kinetic of ginsenosides in the epidermis and their effects on epidermal barrier function. The current study investigated the effect of BIOGF1K on epidermal barrier function and its kinetics on epidermal transport. HPLC and LC/MS were used to verify the ginsenosides and the metabolites of BIOGF1K. Human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) and epidermis-dermis artificial skin were treated with BIOGF1K and their metabolites were analyzed by HPLC and LC/MS. The epidermal barrier function was evaluated by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). In BIOGF1K, ginsenoside Rg1, Rd, F1, F2, compound Mc, compound Y (CY), and compound K (CK) were detected and CK and CY were the most and second abundant ginsenosides. TEER of HaCaT with 100 and 200 μg/mL BIOGF1K treatment was significantly higher than the control during 600 min of incubation. CK was permeated to the epidermis in a time-dependent manner and its maximum transported rate was observed at 600 min. In the case of artificial skin, CY and CK were permeated to the epidermis-dermis skin as time-dependent. Also, 24 h after treatment of CY, CK was detected as 19.59% of CY. It was proposed that CY was hydrolyzed into CK while permeating the epidermis. Results from the current study suggest that bioconversion of BIOGF1K rich in CK effectively enhances epidermal barrier function and it could be a useful cosmeceutical to exhibit its functionality to the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Sehyun Kim
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17074, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yongjoo Na
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17074, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yong-Deok Hong
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17074, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Joonho Choi
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17074, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Won-Seok Park
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17074, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Corresponding author.
| | - Soon-Mi Shim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul 05006, South Korea
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee HY, Kim EJ, Cho DY, Jung JG, Kim MJ, Lee JH, Kim W, Kang SS, Cho KM, Kang D. Photoprotective Effect of Fermented and Aged Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng Sprout (Panax ginseng) on Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Skin Aging in a Hairless Mouse Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071715. [PMID: 37049554 PMCID: PMC10097383 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in foods that promote inner beauty increases with increases in exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays and with improvements in quality of life. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of fermented and aged mountain-cultivated ginseng sprouts (FAMCGSs), which have higher anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects compared to mountain-cultivated ginseng sprouts (MCGSs), as an inner beauty enhancing food. The effect of orally administered FAMCGSs on UV type B (UVB) radiation-induced skin aging was investigated in a hairless mouse model through analyzing skin parameters including epidermal thickness, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), roughness, moisture, elasticity, and collagen contents. The mice exposed to UVB had markedly greater epidermal thickness, TEWL, and skin roughness than those of the normal control (NC) group. In addition, the levels of collagen, skin moisture, and dermal elasticity were lower in the UVB radiation group than the NC group. These UVB-induced skin aging parameters were significantly lower in the groups administered FAMCGSs than in the groups not administered FAMCGSs (p < 0.05). These results show that FAMCGSs exhibit a photoprotective effect in mice exposed to UVB and suggest that FAMCGSs can be used as a food that promotes inner beauty and protects skin from UVB-induced photoaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yul Lee
- Department of GreenBio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Departments of Physiology and Convergence Medical Science and Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Yong Cho
- Department of GreenBio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Gack Jung
- Department of GreenBio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of GreenBio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanil Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of GreenBio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.M.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Dawon Kang
- Departments of Physiology and Convergence Medical Science and Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.M.C.); (D.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Enhancement of Human Epidermal Cell Defense against UVB Damage by Fermentation of Passiflora edulis Sims Peel with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030501. [PMID: 36771204 PMCID: PMC9921891 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The processing of Passiflora edulis Sims results in large amounts of wasted peel resources and environmental pollution. In order to improve the utilisation of natural plant resources and economic benefits, this study uses Saccharomyces cerevisiae to ferment Passiflora edulis Sims peel to obtain Passiflora edulis Sims peel fermentation broth (PF). The content of active substances in unfermented Passiflora edulis Sims peel water extract (PW) and PF is then determined, as well as their in vitro antioxidant capacity. The protective effects of PF and PW on UVB-induced skin inflammation and skin barrier damage in human immortalised epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells (including cell viability, ROS, HO-1, NQO1, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, KLK-7, FLG, AQP3 and Caspase 14 levels) are investigated. Studies have shown that PF enhances the content of active substances more effectively compared to PW, showing a superior ability to scavenge free radical scavenging and antioxidants. PW and PF can effectively scavenge excess intracellular ROS, reduce the cellular secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, regulate the content of skin barrier-related proteins and possibly respond to UVB-induced cell damage by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Studies have shown that both PW and PF are safe and non-irritating, with PF exploiting the efficacy of Passiflora edulis Sims peel more significantly, providing a superior process for the utilisation of Passiflora edulis Sims waste. At the same time, PF can be developed and used as a functional protective agent against ultraviolet damage to the skin, thereby increasing the value of the use of Passiflora edulis Sims waste.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang J, Yang K, Bu J, Yan J, Hu X, Liu K, Gao S, Tang S, Gao L, Chen W. IGF2BP3 promotes progression of gallbladder carcinoma by stabilizing KLK5 mRNA in N6-methyladenosine-dependent binding. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1035871. [PMID: 36313631 PMCID: PMC9606626 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1035871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have reported that IGF2BP3 is linked to the pathogenesis of various malignancies. Since IGF2BP3 is associated with poor outcomes of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), we aimed to explore the association between its N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation and GBC progression. Methods Bioinformatic analysis of GSE136982, GSE104165, and RNA-seq was performed. In vitro and in vivo gain- and loss-of-function assays were done. qPCR, Western blotting, and IHC were conducted in cells or in collected clinical tissue samples. RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA stability measurement, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed in this study. Results The expression of IGF2BP3 was higher in GBC tissues than in peritumoral tissues. Functions such as cell proliferation and migration, both in vitro and in vivo, were inhibited by downregulation of IGF2BP3. The analysis of RNA-seq indicated that KLK5 was a downstream target of IGF2BP3. The expression of KLK5 was measured in GBC cells and tumor samples. It was found to be positively correlated with IGF2BP3 level. Upon IGF2BP3 depletion, ectopic expression of KLK5 could rescue cell function in part. Mechanistically, we found that IGF2BP3 directly binds to KLK5 mRNA and regulates its stability in an m6A-dependent manner. As a result, inhibition of KLK5 decreased the expression of PAR2, and deregulated phospho-Akt. Using bioinformatic prediction combined with miRNA microarray analysis, we identified that let-7g-5p is an inhibitor of IGF2BP3, and let-7g-5p expression was negatively correlated with IGF2BP3. Overexpression of let-7g-5p affected the aggressive phenotype of GBC cells by deregulating IGF2BP3, and inhibiting the KLK5/PAR2/AKT axis. Conclusions Our data showed that IGF2BP3 is associated with the aggressive phenotype of GBC. Mechanistically, IGF2BP3 activated the PAR2/AKT axis by stabilizing KLK5 mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner. The loss of let-7g-5p enhanced the expression of IGF2BP3 and improved GBC progression. Thus, IGF2BP3 plays a crucial role in GBC, and the let-7g-5p/IGF2BP3/KLK5/PAR2 axis may be a therapeutic target for GBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaini Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Bu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Yan
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Hu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Gao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuibin Tang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Department of Pathology, Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Chen, ; Lili Gao,
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Chen, ; Lili Gao,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Park NJ, Jo BG, Bong SK, Park SA, Lee S, Kim YK, Yang MH, Kim SN. Lobelia chinensis Extract and Its Active Compound, Diosmetin, Improve Atopic Dermatitis by Reinforcing Skin Barrier Function through SPINK5/LEKTI Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158687. [PMID: 35955819 PMCID: PMC9369373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin acts as a mechanical barrier that protects the body from the exterior environment, and skin barrier function is attributed to the stratum corneum (SC), which is composed of keratinocytes and skin lipids. Skin barrier homeostasis is maintained by a delicate balance between the differentiation and exfoliation of keratinocytes, and keratinocyte desquamation is regulated by members of the serine protease kalikrein (KLK) family and their endogenous inhibitor SPINK5/LEKTI (serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 5/lympho-epithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor). Furthermore, SPINK5/LEKTI deficiency is involved in impaired skin barrier function caused by KLK over-activation. We sought to determine whether increased SPINK5/LEKTI expression ameliorates atopic dermatitis (AD) by strengthening skin barrier function using the ethanol extract of Lobelia chinensis (LCE) and its active compound, diosmetin, by treating human keratinocytes with UVB and using a DNCB-induced murine model of atopic dermatitis. LCE or diosmetin dose-dependently increased the transcriptional activation of SPINK5 promoter and prevented DNCB-induced skin barrier damage by modulating events downstream of SPINK5, that is, KLK, PAR2 (protease activated receptor 2), and TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin). LCE or diosmetin normalized immune response in DNCB treated SKH-1 hairless mice as determined by reductions in serum immunoglobulin E and interleukin-4 levels and numbers of lesion-infiltrating mast cells. Our results suggest that LCE and diosmetin are good candidates for the treatment of skin barrier-disrupting diseases such as Netherton syndrome or AD, and that they do so by regulating SPINK5/LEKTI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- No-June Park
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Beom-Geun Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sim-Kyu Bong
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea
| | - Sang-a Park
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea
| | - Sullim Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Yong Kee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Min Hye Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.H.Y.); (S.-N.K.); Tel.: +82-51-513-6754 (M.H.Y.); +82-33-650-3503 (S.-N.K.)
| | - Su-Nam Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.H.Y.); (S.-N.K.); Tel.: +82-51-513-6754 (M.H.Y.); +82-33-650-3503 (S.-N.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu S, Lu Y, Kurono M, Matahira Y, Manabe Y, Sugawara T. Oral supplementation of sea cucumber and its hydrolysate mitigates ultraviolet A-induced photoaging in hairless mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1987-1994. [PMID: 34516661 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation promotes skin photoaging, which is clinically characterized by dryness, laxity, and wrinkling. Sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (SC) is a marine organism with culinary and medicinal applications, especially in Asian countries. It is also a potential nutraceutical as it exhibits bioactive effects, such as antioxidant, antitumor, and anticancer activity. This study examined the effects of SC and its hydrolysate (SCH) on ultraviolet A (UVA) induced skin barrier function and wrinkle formation using hairless mice. RESULTS Ultraviolet A significantly induced transepidermal water loss and wrinkle formation, which were significantly mitigated upon oral administration of SC and SCH. Sea cucumber also mitigated the UVA-induced downregulation of epidermal natural moisturizing factors and the upregulation of Aqp3, Mmp13, Tnfa, and Il6 mRNA levels in the mouse skin. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that dietary SC and SCH exert anti-photoaging effects by modulating filaggrin synthesis and desquamation in the epidermis and regulating the NF-κB pathway in the skin. Our research indicates that SC and SCH have potential applications in nutricosmetics for photoaging. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Liu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yi Lu
- Sunsho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuki Manabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liao C, Wang Q, An J, Zhang M, Chen J, Li X, Xiao L, Wang J, Long Q, Liu J, Guan X. SPINKs in Tumors: Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2022; 12:833741. [PMID: 35223512 PMCID: PMC8873584 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.833741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine protease inhibitor Kazal type (SPINK) family includes SPINK1-14 and is the largest branch in the serine protease inhibitor family. SPINKs play an important role in pancreatic physiology and disease, sperm maturation and capacitation, Nager syndrome, inflammation and the skin barrier. Evidence shows that the unregulated expression of SPINK1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 13 is closely related to human tumors. Different SPINKs exhibit various regulatory modes in different tumors and can be used as tumor prognostic markers. This article reviews the role of SPINK1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 13 in different human cancer processes and helps to identify new cancer treatment targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liao
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Microbial Resources and Drug Development Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, Life Sciences Institute, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiaxing An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Minglin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Microbial Resources and Drug Development Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, Life Sciences Institute, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Linlin Xiao
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Long
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Long, ; Xiaoyan Guan, ; Jianguo Liu,
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Long, ; Xiaoyan Guan, ; Jianguo Liu,
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Long, ; Xiaoyan Guan, ; Jianguo Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Z, Jiang R, Jing C, Liu J, Xu X, Sun L, Zhao D. Protective effect of oligosaccharides isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer against UVB-induced skin barrier damage in BALB/c hairless mice and human keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114677. [PMID: 34562563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Skin barrier dysfunction can lead to water and electrolyte loss, triggering homeostatic imbalances that can trigger atopic dermatitis and anaphylaxis. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with known therapeutic benefits for the treatment of skin diseases, including photodamage repair effects and reduction of pigmentation. However, few reports exist that describe effectiveness of ginseng active components for repair of skin barrier damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ginseng oligosaccharide extract (GSO) was prepared from P. ginseng via water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation and resin and gel purification. GSO composition and structural characteristics were determined using LC-MS, HPLC, FT-IR, and NMR. To evaluate GSO as a skin barrier repair-promoting treatment, skin of UVB-irradiated BALB/c hairless mice was treated with or without GSO then skin samples were evaluated for epidermal thickness, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and stratum corneum water content. In addition, UVB-exposed skin samples and HaCaT cells were analyzed to assess GSO treatment effects on levels of epidermal cornified envelope (CE) protein and other skin barrier proteins, such as filaggrin (FLG), involucrin (IVL), and aquaporin-3 (AQP3). Meanwhile, GSO treatment was also evaluated for effects on UVB-irradiated hairless mouse skin and HaCaT cells based on levels of serine protease inhibitor Kazal type-5 (SPINK5), trypsin-like kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5), chymotrypsin-like KLK7, and desmoglein 1 (DSG1). These proteins are associated with UVB-induced skin barrier damage manifesting as dryness and desquamation. RESULTS GSO was shown to consist of oligosaccharides comprised of seven distinct types of monosaccharides with molecular weights of approximately 1 kDa that were covalently linked together via β-glycosidic bonds. In vivo, GSO applied to dorsal skin of BALB/c hairless mice attenuated UVB-induced epidermal thickening and moisture loss. Furthermore, GSO ameliorated UVB-induced reductions of levels of FLG, IVL, and AQP3 proteins. Additionally, GSO treatment led to increased DSG1 protein levels due to decreased expression of KLK7. In vitro, GSO treatment of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells led to increases of FLG, IVL, and AQP3 mRNA levels and corresponding proteins, while mRNA levels of desquamation-related proteins SPINK5, KLK5, KLK7, and DSG1 and associated protein levels were restored to normal levels. CONCLUSION A P. ginseng oligosaccharide preparation repaired UVB-induced skin barrier damage by alleviating skin dryness and desquamation symptoms, highlighting its potential as a natural cosmetic additive that can promote skin barrier repair after UVB exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhuo Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chenxu Jing
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jianzeng Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaohao Xu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Jilin Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Characteristic Health Product Research and Development Cross-regional Cooperation Science and Technology Innovation Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The Complex Interplay between Autophagy and NLRP3 Inflammasome in Renal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312766. [PMID: 34884572 PMCID: PMC8657456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process of the eukaryotic cell cycle. It plays an important role in the survival and maintenance of cells by degrading organelles, proteins, and macromolecules in the cytoplasm and the circulation of degraded products. The dysfunction of autophagy can lead to the pathology of many human diseases. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome belongs to the family of nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) and can induce caspase-1 activation, thus leading to the maturation and secretion of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-18. It has been reported that the interplay between autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in many diseases, including renal diseases. In this review, the interplay between autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome and the mechanisms in renal diseases are explored to provide ideas for relevant basic research in the future.
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou L, Li ZK, Li CY, Liang YQ, Yang F. Anticancer properties and pharmaceutical applications of ginsenoside compound K: A review. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:286-300. [PMID: 34793617 PMCID: PMC9541358 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside compound K (CK) is the major intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginsenosides that exhibits anticancer potential in various cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. The anticancer types, mechanisms, and effects of CK in the past decade have been summarized in this review. Briefly, CK exerts anticancer effects via multiple molecular mechanisms, including the inhibition of proliferation, invasion, and migration, the induction of apoptosis and autophagy, and anti‐angiogenesis. Some signaling pathways play a significant role in related processes, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JNK/MAPK pathway, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the effects of CK combined with nanocarriers for anticancer efficiency are discussed in this review. Furthermore, we aimed to review the research progress of CK against cancer in the past decade, which might provide theoretical support and effective reference for further research on the medicinal value of small molecules, such as CK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhong-Kun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cong-Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yue-Qin Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Joint Surgery, General Hospital of Tibetan Military Command Lhasa, Lhasa, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sharma A, Lee HJ. Ginsenoside Compound K: Insights into Recent Studies on Pharmacokinetics and Health-Promoting Activities. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1028. [PMID: 32664389 PMCID: PMC7407392 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng (Panax ginseng) is an herb popular for its medicinal and health properties. Compound K (CK) is a secondary ginsenoside biotransformed from major ginsenosides. Compound K is more bioavailable and soluble than its parent ginsenosides and hence of immense importance. The review summarizes health-promoting in vitro and in vivo studies of CK between 2015 and 2020, including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, anti-aging/skin protective, and others. Clinical trial data are minimal and are primarily based on CK-rich fermented ginseng. Besides, numerous preclinical and clinical studies indicating the pharmacokinetic behavior of CK, its parent compound (Rb1), and processed ginseng extracts are also summarized. With the limited evidence available from animal and clinical studies, it can be stated that CK is safe and well-tolerated. However, lower water solubility, membrane permeability, and efflux significantly diminish the efficacy of CK and restrict its clinical application. We found that the use of nanocarriers and cyclodextrin for CK delivery could overcome these limitations as well as improve the health benefits associated with them. However, these derivatives have not been clinically evaluated, thus requiring a safety assessment for human therapy application. Future studies should be aimed at investigating clinical evidence of CK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Sharma
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea;
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea;
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
| |
Collapse
|