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Zheng R, Ren Y, Liu X, He C, Liu H, Wang Y, Li J, Xia S, Liu Z, Ma Y, Wang D, Xu S, Wang G, Li N. Exogenous drug-induced mouse models of atopic dermatitis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 77:104-116. [PMID: 38272716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by intense pruritus. AD is harmful to both children and adults, but its pathogenic mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. The development of mouse models for AD has greatly contributed to its study and treatment. Among these models, the exogenous drug-induced mouse model has shown promising results and significant advantages. Until now, a large amount of AD-related research has utilized exogenous drug-induced mouse models, leading to notable advancements in research. This indicates the crucial significance of applying such models in AD research. These models exhibit diverse characteristics and are highly complex. They involve the use of various strains of mice, diverse types of inducers, and different modeling effects. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive comparative studies on exogenous drug-induced AD mouse models, which hinders researchers' ability to choose among these models. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the features and mechanisms associated with various exogenous drug-induced mouse models, including the important role of each cytokine in AD development. It aims to assist researchers in quickly understanding models and selecting the most suitable one for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Zheng
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yan Ren
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Canxia He
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Hua Liu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Jianing Li
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Shuya Xia
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Zhifang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yizhao Ma
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Dianchen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Suling Xu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Geng Wang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Na Li
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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Kim EY, Kim SB, Kim EJ, Kim M, Ryu GH, Shin H, Lim SE, Sohn Y, Jung HS. Phyllostachys nigra Munro var alleviates inflammatory chemokine expression and DNCB-induced atopic-like dermatitis in BALB/c mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116953. [PMID: 37506780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phyllostachys nigra (PN) is an herbal medicine that originates from the inner bark of Phyllostachys nigra Munro var. henosis Stapf or Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold et Zuccarini. It has long been used to relieve fever and to treat diarrhea and inflammation. PN has been shown to possess inhibitory effects on pneumonia, intestinal inflammation, tumors, and fatigue. However, its potential efficacy in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been extensively studied or reported. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of PN on HaCaT and HMC-1 cells, as well as its potential in an experimental model of AD induced by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB). METHODS We analyzed the anti-inflammatory efficacy of PN in HaCaT cells and HMC-1 cells using ELISA and PCR, and investigated invasion of inflammatory cell, change of dermis and epidermis, and the SCORAD index in AD-like mice model. We also measured the MAPK signaling pathway using the dorsal tissue of mice. RESULTS Our results show that PN reduced the expressions of TARC, GM-CSF, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6 in vitro. PN also decreased the SCORAD index, thickening of epidermis and dermis, and inhibited the invasions of mast cells and eosinophils as well as CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, PN suppressed the level of IgE and IL-6, and also inhibited the MAPK phosphorylation in the dorsal skin. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that PN could be an effective alternative medicine for allergic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Bae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eom Ji Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myunghyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwang-Hyun Ryu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwajeong Shin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo-Eun Lim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngjoo Sohn
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Sang Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Chen F, Zhang X, Wang J, Wang F, Mao J. P-coumaric Acid: Advances in Pharmacological Research Based on Oxidative Stress. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:416-436. [PMID: 38279744 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266276823231230183519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
P-coumaric acid is an important phenolic compound that is mainly found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and fungi and is also abundant in Chinese herbal medicines. In this review, the pharmacological research progress of p-coumaric acid in recent years was reviewed, with emphasis on its role and mechanism in oxidative stress-related diseases, such as inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and nervous system diseases. Studies have shown that p-coumaric acid has a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of these diseases by inhibiting oxidative stress. In addition, p-coumaric acid also has anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-aging skin and other pharmacological effects. This review will provide reference and inspiration for further research on the pharmacological effects of p-coumaric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Junxiang Wang
- Experimental Center of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fukai Wang
- Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Jinlong Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Sun G, Wang J, Xu X, Zhai L, Li Z, Liu J, Zhao D, Jiang R, Sun L. Panax ginseng Meyer cv. Silvatica phenolic acids protect DNA from oxidative damage by activating Nrf2 to protect HFF-1 cells from UVA-induced photoaging. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115883. [PMID: 36328205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Long-wave ultraviolet A (UVA) causes skin aging by damaging the fine structures of the skin, such as elastic fibers and collagen fibers, through oxidation. Currently, the use of plant extracts to protect skin from photoaging is a popular method. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer exerts commendable anti-photoaging and antioxidant effects. P. ginseng Meyer cv. Silvatica, also known as forest ginseng (FG), is a type of ginseng cultivated by artificially simulating the growth environment of wild ginseng aged >15 years. However, there are only a few reports on its anti-photoaging effect on the skin caused by UVA stimulation. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate whether isolated and extracted FG can inhibit skin photoaging as well as to explore its action mechanism. METHODS The FG extract (FGE) was obtained from the supernatant of FG after water extraction and alcohol precipitation with the D101 resin. The composition and content of phenolic acids in FGE were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The MTT assay was performed to detect cell viability. The ratio of SA-β-GAL-positive cells, CoL-I level, 8-OHdG concentration, MDA, GSH, GPx, SOD, and CAT activity were measured using relevant kits. Furthermore, cell cycle alterations and ROS accumulation were assessed by flow cytometry. The expressions of p53, p21, p16, and Keap1 protein were detected by Western blotting. The Nrf2 translocation was monitored by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The findings revealed that FGE significantly restored UVA injury-induced cell viability, reduced the proportion of SA-β-GAL-positive cells, and increased the level of CoL-I secretion in a dose-dependent manner, where the main ingredients were chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, salicylic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid. Further studies indicated that this phenolic acid mixture (PAM) could alleviate UVA-induced HFF-1 cell cycle arrest and protect the DNA from oxidative damage caused by UVA stimulation. Moreover, the expressions of cell cycle regulatory proteins p53, p21, and p16 and the accumulation of ROS were inhibited, the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus was promoted, the expression of Keap1 protein was inhibited, the activity of intracellular antioxidant indicators GSH, GPx, SOD, and CAT was enhanced, and the expression of malondialdehyde (MDA) was inhibited. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results demonstrated that FG phenolic acids protect DNA from oxidative damage by activating Nrf2 to safeguard the skin from photoaging induced by UVA stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaohao Xu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lu Zhai
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhenzhuo Li
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jianzeng Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China; Jilin Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Characteristic Health Product Research and Development Cross-regional Cooperation Science and Technology Innovation Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Liwei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China; Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
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Hydrogen Sulfide Downregulates Oncostatin M Expression via PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Signaling Processes in Neutrophil-like Differentiated HL-60 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020417. [PMID: 36829975 PMCID: PMC9952767 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) is regarded as a critical mediator in various inflammatory responses. While the gaseous signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a role in a variety of pathophysiological conditions, such as hypertension, inflammatory pain, osteoarthritis, ischemic stroke, oxidative stress, retinal degeneration, and inflammatory responses, the underlying mechanism of H2S action on OSM expression in neutrophils needs to be clarified. In this work, we studied how H2S reduces OSM expression in neutrophil-like differentiated (d)HL-60 cells. To evaluate the effects of H2S, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a donor that produces H2S), ELISA, real-time PCR (qPCR), immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence staining were utilized. Although exposure to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) resulted in upregulated levels of production and mRNA expression of OSM, these upregulated levels were reduced by pretreatment with NaHS in dHL-60 cells. Similarly, the same pretreatment lowered phosphorylated levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, and nuclear factor-kB that had been elevated by stimulation with GM-CSF. Overall, our results indicated that H2S could be a therapeutic agent for inflammatory disorders via suppression of OSM.
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Kim HY, Kang HG, Choi YJ, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. Caudatin attenuates inflammatory reaction by suppressing JNK/AP-1/NF-κB/caspase-1 pathways in activated HMC-1 cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1101-1109. [PMID: 36683865 PMCID: PMC9844171 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the interfering factors in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the cytokine storm, which contributes to hyperinflammation. Mast cells cause COVID-19 hyperinflammation by increasing inflammatory cytokine levels. We investigated whether caudatin, an active compound of Cynanchum auriculatum, could suppress inflammatory response signaling in human mast cell line, HMC-1 cells. Caudatin suppressed activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) in HMC-1 cells. Caudatin suppressed nuclear translocation of catalytic subunit (p65) of nuclear factor (NF)-κB by blocking IκBα phosphorylation and degradation. Caudatin also reduced levels of activated-caspase-1 protein and activation of caspase-1. Non-toxic caudatin doses inhibited the mRNA expression and protein synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. A significant finding was that caudatin inhibited JNK/AP-1/NF-κB/caspase-1 signaling molecules, reducing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Consequently, we propose that caudatin might be used as a material in health functional foods to alleviate mast cell-mediated inflammatory conditions like COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yun Kim
- Biochip Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Geun Kang
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Graduate School, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499 Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Choi
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Hoseo University, 20 Hoseo-ro, 79 Beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, 31499 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Biochip Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499 Republic of Korea ,Department of Bio-Convergence System, Graduate School, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499 Republic of Korea ,Department of Food Science & Technology, Hoseo University, 20 Hoseo-ro, 79 Beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, 31499 Republic of Korea
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Li YH, Wu JX, He Q, Gu J, Zhang L, Niu HZ, Zhang XW, Zhao HT, Xu JY, Qin LQ. Amelioration of radiation-induced liver damage by p-coumaric acid in mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1315-1323. [PMID: 35992325 PMCID: PMC9385927 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced liver damage (RILD) is a spiny problem in radiotherapy or other circumstances that exposure to radiation. The need for radioprotective agent is increasing to protect liver tissue. This study aimed to explore the hepatoprotective effect of p-coumaric acid (CA) against RILD. C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to 4 Gy irradiation and administrated with CA for 4 days starting on the same day of irradiation. Mice were sacrificed to obtain blood and liver tissues on day 3.5 or 14 post irradiation, respectively. The blood and liver tissues were collected. As compared with the only irradiated group, CA supplementation improved liver morphology, decreased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, inhibited BCL2-associated X (BAX) protein expression, and improved the mice hematopoietic function. CA at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight showed better effect compared to the other doses. Thus, CA might possess potential to protect against RILD.
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Han NR, Kim KC, Kim JS, Ko SG, Park HJ, Moon PD. A mixture of Panax ginseng and Scrophularia buergeriana improves immune function in an immunosuppressed murine model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153984. [PMID: 35189478 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunomodulatory drugs are currently used for immunosuppressed individuals, but adverse side effects have been reported. Although Panax ginseng and Scrophularia buergeriana are known to have respective pharmacological properties, the potential of a mixture of Panax ginseng and Scrophularia buergeriana (Isam-Tang, IST) as an immunomodulatory drug has not yet been studied. PURPOSE The present study was designed to assess the immunomodulatory activity of IST and p-coumaric acid (pCA), an active compound of IST, in the immune system. METHODS The levels of immunostimulatory cytokines, nitrite, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NF-kB activation, and proliferation were examined in RAW264.7 cells, primary splenocytes and splenic NK cells isolated from normal mouse spleen, and in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice using ELISA, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS IST or pCA treatment increased the production of immunostimulatory cytokines and nitrite and the expression of iNOS in RAW264.7 cells and splenocytes. IST or pCA also induced NF-κB signaling activation and promoted the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the splenocyte proliferation and splenic NK activity were enhanced by IST or pCA. IST or pCA increased the levels of immunostimulatory cytokines in immunosuppressed mice and ameliorated splenic tissue damage. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that IST supplementation may be used to enhance immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyeoung-Cheol Kim
- Majors in Plant Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Ju-Sung Kim
- Majors in Plant Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Anatomy & Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Phil-Dong Moon
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Choi JH, Lee YH, Kwon TW, Ko SG, Nah SY, Cho IH. Can Panax ginseng help control cytokine storm in COVID-19? J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:337-347. [PMID: 35233163 PMCID: PMC8876050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 are directly associated with hyper-activation of innate immune response that excessively produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and induce cytokine storm, leading to multi-organ-failure and significant morbidity/mortality. Currently, several antiviral drugs such as Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir and ritonavir) and molnupiravir are authorized to treat mild to moderate COVID-19, however, there are still no drugs that can specifically fight against challenges of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Panax ginseng, a medicinal plant widely used for treating various conditions, might be appropriate for this need due to its anti-inflammatory/cytokine/viral activities, fewer side effects, and cost efficiency. To review Panax ginseng and its pharmacologically active-ingredients as potential phytopharmaceuticals for treating cytokine storm of COVID-19, articles that reporting its positive effects on the cytokine production were searched from academic databases. Experimental/clinical evidences for the effectiveness of Panax ginseng and its active-ingredients in preventing or mitigating cytokine storm, especially for the cascade of cytokine storm, suggest that they might be beneficial as an adjunct treatment for cytokine storm of COVID-19. This review may provide a new approach to discover specific medications using Panax ginseng to control cytokine storm of COVID-19.
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Li Z, Jiang R, Jing C, Liu J, Xu X, Sun L, Zhao D. Protective effect of oligosaccharides isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer against UVB-induced skin barrier damage in BALB/c hairless mice and human keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114677. [PMID: 34562563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Skin barrier dysfunction can lead to water and electrolyte loss, triggering homeostatic imbalances that can trigger atopic dermatitis and anaphylaxis. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with known therapeutic benefits for the treatment of skin diseases, including photodamage repair effects and reduction of pigmentation. However, few reports exist that describe effectiveness of ginseng active components for repair of skin barrier damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ginseng oligosaccharide extract (GSO) was prepared from P. ginseng via water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation and resin and gel purification. GSO composition and structural characteristics were determined using LC-MS, HPLC, FT-IR, and NMR. To evaluate GSO as a skin barrier repair-promoting treatment, skin of UVB-irradiated BALB/c hairless mice was treated with or without GSO then skin samples were evaluated for epidermal thickness, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and stratum corneum water content. In addition, UVB-exposed skin samples and HaCaT cells were analyzed to assess GSO treatment effects on levels of epidermal cornified envelope (CE) protein and other skin barrier proteins, such as filaggrin (FLG), involucrin (IVL), and aquaporin-3 (AQP3). Meanwhile, GSO treatment was also evaluated for effects on UVB-irradiated hairless mouse skin and HaCaT cells based on levels of serine protease inhibitor Kazal type-5 (SPINK5), trypsin-like kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5), chymotrypsin-like KLK7, and desmoglein 1 (DSG1). These proteins are associated with UVB-induced skin barrier damage manifesting as dryness and desquamation. RESULTS GSO was shown to consist of oligosaccharides comprised of seven distinct types of monosaccharides with molecular weights of approximately 1 kDa that were covalently linked together via β-glycosidic bonds. In vivo, GSO applied to dorsal skin of BALB/c hairless mice attenuated UVB-induced epidermal thickening and moisture loss. Furthermore, GSO ameliorated UVB-induced reductions of levels of FLG, IVL, and AQP3 proteins. Additionally, GSO treatment led to increased DSG1 protein levels due to decreased expression of KLK7. In vitro, GSO treatment of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells led to increases of FLG, IVL, and AQP3 mRNA levels and corresponding proteins, while mRNA levels of desquamation-related proteins SPINK5, KLK5, KLK7, and DSG1 and associated protein levels were restored to normal levels. CONCLUSION A P. ginseng oligosaccharide preparation repaired UVB-induced skin barrier damage by alleviating skin dryness and desquamation symptoms, highlighting its potential as a natural cosmetic additive that can promote skin barrier repair after UVB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhuo Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chenxu Jing
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jianzeng Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaohao Xu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Jilin Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Characteristic Health Product Research and Development Cross-regional Cooperation Science and Technology Innovation Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
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Han NR, Park HJ, Moon PD. Resveratrol Downregulates Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Induced Oncostatin M Production through Blocking of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Signal Cascade in Neutrophil-like Differentiated HL-60 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:541-549. [PMID: 35723323 PMCID: PMC8928961 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is essential in a wide range of inflammatory responses, and most OSM is produced by neutrophils in respiratory diseases. While resveratrol (RES) is regarded as an anti-inflammatory agent in a variety of conditions, the mechanism of OSM inhibition by RES in neutrophils remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether RES could inhibit OSM production in neutrophil-like differentiated (d)HL-60 cells. The effects of RES were measured by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. Increases in production and mRNA expression of OSM resulted from the addition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in neutrophil-like dHL-60 cells; however, these increases were downregulated by RES treatment. Exposure to GM-CSF led to elevations of phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and nuclear factor (NF)-kB. Treatment with RES induced downregulation of the phosphorylated levels of PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB in neutrophil-like dHL-60 cells. These results suggest that RES could be applicable to prevent and/or treat inflammatory disorders through blockade of OSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Anatomy & Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Phil-Dong Moon
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-0897
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Lee M, Park J, Cho IH. Target-Specific Drug Discovery of Natural Products against SARS-CoV-2 Life Cycle and Cytokine Storm in COVID-19. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:927-959. [PMID: 35729089 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a worldwide pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, there are no drugs that can specifically combat SARS-CoV-2. Besides, multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants are circulating globally. These variants may lead to immune escape or drug resistance. Natural products may be appropriate for this need due to their cost efficiency, fewer side effects, and antiviral activities. Considering these circumstances, there is a need to develop or discover more compounds that have potential to target SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we searched for articles on natural products describing anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities by targeting the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and the cytokine storm in COVID-19 from academic databases. We reviewed anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of natural products, especially those that target the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, transmembrane serine protease 2, cathepsin L, 3CL protease, PL protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and helicase) and cytokine storm in COVID-19. This review may provide a repurposed approach for the discovery of specific medications using natural products to treat COVID-19 through targeting the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and the cytokine storm in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Junwoo Park
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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