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Shim D, Bak Y, Choi HG, Lee S, Park SC. Effects of Panax species and their bioactive components on allergic airway diseases. J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:354-365. [PMID: 39036733 PMCID: PMC11258390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Panax species include Panax ginseng Meyer, Panax quinquefolium L., Panax notoginseng, Panax japonicum, Panax trifolium, and Panax pseudoginseng, which contain bioactive components (BCs) such as ginsenosides and polysaccharides. Recently, growing evidence has revealed the pharmacological effects of Panax species and their BCs on allergic airway diseases (AADs), including allergic asthma (AA) and allergic rhinitis (AR). AADs are characterized by damaged epithelium, sustained acquired immune responses with enforced Th2 responses, allergen-specific IgE production, and enhanced production of histamine and leukotrienes by activated mast cells and basophils. In this review, we summarize how Panax species and their BCs modulate acquired immune responses involving interactions between dendritic cells and T cells, reduce the pro-inflammatory responses of epithelial cells, and reduce allergenic responses from basophils and mast cells in vitro. In addition, we highlight the current understanding of the alleviative effects of Panax species and their BCs against AA and AR in vivo. Moreover, we discuss the unmet needs of research and considerations for the treatment of patients to provide basic scientific knowledge for the treatment of AADs using Panax species and their BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahee Shim
- Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Bak
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gyu Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park JM, Park JW, Lee J, Kim SH, Seo DY, Ahn KS, Han SB, Lee JW. Aromadendrin inhibits PMA-induced cytokine formation/NF-κB activation in A549 cells and ovalbumin-induced bronchial inflammation in mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22932. [PMID: 38125474 PMCID: PMC10730751 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperproduction of immune cell-derived inflammatory molecules and recruitment of immune cells promote the development of allergic asthma (AA). Aromadendrin (ARO) has various biological properties including anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we evaluated the ameliorative effects of ARO on the development of AA in vitro and in vivo. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 100 nM) was used to induce inflammation in A549 airway epithelial cells. The cohesion of A549 and eosinophil EOL-1 cells was studied. Ovalbumin (30 or 60 μg)/Alum (3 mg) mixture was adapted for AA induction in mice. ARO (5 or 10 mg/kg, p. o.) was administered to mice to investigate its ameliorative effect on AA development. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, and hematoxylin and eosin/periodic acid Schiff staining were performed to study the ameliorative effect of ARO on bronchial inflammation. In PMA-stimulated A549 cells, the upregulation of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β/IL-6/tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]/monocyte chemoattractant protein [MCP]-1]) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation was effectively reduced by ARO pretreatment. ARO suppressed the adhesion of A549 cells and eosinophils. In ovalbumin-induced AA mice, the levels of cells, such as eosinophils, Th2 cytokines, MCP-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, IgE in serum, and inducible nitric oxide synthase/cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the lung tissue were upregulated, which were all suppressed by ARO. In addition, the increase in cell inflow and mucus formation in the lungs of AA mice was reversed by ARO as per histological analysis. ARO also modulated NF-κB activation in the lungs of AA mice. Overall, the anti-inflammatory properties of ARO in vitro/in vivo studies of AA were notable. Thus, ARO has a modulatory effect on bronchial inflammation and may be a potential adjuvant for AA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Mi Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- Practical Research Division, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources (HNIBR), 99, Gohadoan-gil, Mokpo-si, Jeollanam-do, 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Yun Seo
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Bao X, Xian H, Wei F, Song Y, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. Glucocorticoid receptors involved in ginsenoside compound K ameliorate adjuvant arthritis by inhibiting the glycolysis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes via the NF-κB/HIF-1α pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1162-1174. [PMID: 37559380 PMCID: PMC10416744 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2241512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ginsenoside metabolite compound K (CK) is an active metabolite produced by ginsenosides in vivo that has an anti-arthritic effect related to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). However, the potential mechanisms of CK remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study explores the role and potential mechanisms of CK in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adjuvant arthritis (AA) model was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats; the rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): normal, AA, CK (80 mg/kg), and dexamethasone (Dex) group (1 mg/kg). From day 15, rats were treated with CK (once a day, i.g.) and Dex (once every 3 days, i.p.) for 18 days. To further verify the mechanism of CK, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) were stimulated by tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) to establish an inflammatory model in vitro. RESULTS CK (80 mg/kg) reduced paw swelling (52%) and arthritis global assessment (31%) compared to that in AA rats. In addition, CK (80 mg/kg) suppressed GLUT1 (38%), HK2 (50%), and PKM2 (56%) levels compared with those in AA FLS. However, the effects of CK (30 μM) on these events were weakened or enhanced after GR knockdown or overexpression in FLS stimulated by TNF-α (30 ng/mL). CK (80 mg/kg) also downregulated the expression of P65 (61%), p-IκB (92%), and HIF-1α (59%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of CK on glycolysis and the NF-κB/HIF-1α pathway is potentially mediated through activating GR. These findings provide experimental evidence for elucidating the molecular mechanism of CK in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xiurong Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xian
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yining Song
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Song Z, Liu Q, Fan D, Song X. Ginsenosides: a potential natural medicine to protect the lungs from lung cancer and inflammatory lung disease. Food Funct 2023; 14:9137-9166. [PMID: 37801293 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the malignancy with the highest morbidity and mortality. Additionally, pulmonary inflammatory diseases, such as pneumonia, acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis (PF), also have high mortality rates and can promote the development and progression of lung cancer. Unfortunately, available treatments for them are limited, so it is critical to search for effective drugs and treatment strategies to protect the lungs. Ginsenosides, the main active components of ginseng, have been shown to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. In this paper, we focus on the beneficial effects of ginsenosides on lung diseases and their molecular mechanisms. Firstly, the molecular mechanism of ginsenosides against lung cancer was summarized in detail, mainly from the points of view of proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance and immunity. In in vivo and in vitro lung cancer models, ginsenosides Rg3, Rh2 and CK were reported to have strong anti-lung cancer effects. Then, in the models of pneumonia and acute lung injury, the protective effect of Rb1 was particularly remarkable, followed by Rg3 and Rg1, and its molecular mechanism was mainly associated with targeting NF-κB, Nrf2, MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Additionally, ginsenosides may also have a potential health-promoting effect in the improvement of COPD, asthma and PF. Furthermore, to overcome the low bioavailability of CK and Rh2, the development of nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes and other nanomedicine delivery systems can significantly improve the efficacy of targeted lung cancer treatment. To conclude, ginsenosides can be used as both anti-lung cancer and lung protective agents or adjuvants and have great potential for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Zhimin Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Qingchao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Biotechnology & Biomedicine Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Choi S, Kim T. Compound K-An immunomodulator of macrophages in inflammation. Life Sci 2023; 323:121700. [PMID: 37068708 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Compound K (CK) is a secondary ginsenoside biotransformed from ginseng. This review discusses the function of CK as a potential ligand of the glucocorticoid receptor and a regulator of macrophage inflammatory responses. We provide findings on the ability of CK to inhibit the activation of M1 macrophages and promote the activation and differentiation of M2 macrophages. In addition, the effect of inhibiting the inflammasome response was collected. We summarized the evidences that CK is effective in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sepsis associated encephalopathy, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and diabetes. These findings suggest the potential of CK as a therapeutic agent that can resolve inflammation and restore homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Choi
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
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Oh ES, Ryu HW, Kim MO, Lee JW, Song YN, Park JY, Kim DY, Ro H, Lee J, Kim TD, Hong ST, Lee SU, Oh SR. Verproside, the Most Active Ingredient in YPL-001 Isolated from Pseudolysimachion rotundum var. subintegrum, Decreases Inflammatory Response by Inhibiting PKCδ Activation in Human Lung Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087229. [PMID: 37108390 PMCID: PMC10138391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease which causes breathing problems. YPL-001, consisting of six iridoids, has potent inhibitory efficacy against COPD. Although YPL-001 has completed clinical trial phase 2a as a natural drug for COPD treatment, the most effective iridoid in YPL-001 and its mechanism for reducing airway inflammation remain unclear. To find an iridoid most effectively reducing airway inflammation, we examined the inhibitory effects of the six iridoids in YPL-001 on TNF or PMA-stimulated inflammation (IL-6, IL-8, or MUC5AC) in NCI-H292 cells. Here, we show that verproside among the six iridoids most strongly suppresses inflammation. Both TNF/NF-κB-induced MUC5AC expression and PMA/PKCδ/EGR-1-induced IL-6/-8 expression are successfully reduced by verproside. Verproside also shows anti-inflammatory effects on a broad range of airway stimulants in NCI-H292 cells. The inhibitory effect of verproside on the phosphorylation of PKC enzymes is specific to PKCδ. Finally, in vivo assay using the COPD-mouse model shows that verproside effectively reduces lung inflammation by suppressing PKCδ activation and mucus overproduction. Altogether, we propose YPL-001 and verproside as candidate drugs for treating inflammatory lung diseases that act by inhibiting PKCδ activation and its downstream pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sol Oh
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Ock Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Na Song
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Park
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Young Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Ro
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Hong
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ui Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
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Dong B, Ma P, Chen X, Peng Y, Peng C, Li X. Drug-polysaccharide/herb interactions and compatibility rationality of Sijunzi decoction based on comprehensive pharmacokinetic screening for multi-components in rats with spleen deficiency syndrome. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115871. [PMID: 36309112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) is composed of four herbs, namely Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (RG, Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.), Atractylodes Macrocephalae Rhizoma (AM, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.), Poria (Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf), and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle (GRP, derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. or Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) based on the compatibility theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is a classical formula for the treatment of spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS) in TCM. The polysaccharides and non-polysaccharides (NPSs) composition represented by flavonoids, saponins and terpenoids are the important pharmacodynamic material basis of SJZD. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of SJZD in normal rats and SDS rats, and explore the potential interactions between NPSs and polysaccharides in SJZD, as well as the compatibility rationality of SJZD. MATERIALS AND METHODS SDS model was established by oral administration of Radix Rhei (Rheum officinale Baill.) extract, loaded swimming, and intermittent fasting. A rapid, sensitive and reliable ultrafast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of fifteen representative compounds in rat plasma to investigate the differences in pharmacokinetics between normal and SDS rats. The SJZD-NPS samples were prepared by removing the polysaccharides of SJZD to explore the interactions between NPSs and polysaccharides of SJZD. According to the compatibility theory of TCM, four incomplete formulae of SJZD were obtained by randomly removing an herb (also called 'que fang' in TCM), and their pharmacokinetic differences were compared to elucidate the rationality of SJZD compatibility with oral administration to SDS rats. RESULTS The established UFLC-MS/MS method showed perfect performance in simultaneously analyzing fifteen compounds of SJZD in rat plasma. Compared with normal rats, the absorption efficiency of NPSs in SDS rats was lower, accompanied by the prolonged residence time (Cmax and AUC0-t reduced, while MRT0-t increased). Polysaccharides have the potential to enhance intestinal metabolism of glycosides among these components, thereby contributing to the circulating distribution of corresponding metabolites (e.g. aglycones). Furthermore, the compatibility of the four herbs in SJZD could alter their pharmacokinetic characteristics, and potentially improve the absorption of the effective components of RG and AM, which is in accordance with the principle that "monarch" and "minister" herbs play a major role in TCM. In detail, the improved absorption of ginsenosides was mainly regulated by GRP (the "guide" herb in SJZD), together with the effects of AM ("minister" herb) and Poria ("adjuvant" herb) on the pharmacokinetics of components in GRP, implying that herb-herb interactions existed in SJZD and demonstrated the compatibility rationality of SJZD potentially. CONCLUSION This study laid a solid foundation for revealing the pharmacodynamic material basis and subsequent action mechanism of SJZD, as well as provided new insights into the compatibility of SJZD. The comprehensive pharmacokinetic approach adopted in the current research also provides a valuable strategy for TCM formulae research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjian Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chongsheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Heo H, Kim Y, Cha B, Brito S, Kim H, Kim H, Fatombi BM, Jung SY, Lee SM, Lei L, Lee SH, Park GW, Kwak BM, Bin BH, Park JH, Lee MG. A systematic exploration of ginsenoside Rg5 reveals anti-inflammatory functions in airway mucosa cells. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:97-105. [PMID: 36644392 PMCID: PMC9834007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperactivated airway mucosa cells overproduce mucin and cause severe breathing complications. Here, we aimed to identify the effects of saponins derived from Panax ginseng on inflammation and mucin overproduction. Methods NCI-H292 cells were pre-incubated with 16 saponins derived from P. ginseng, and mucin overproduction was induced by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Mucin protein MUC5AC was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and mRNA levels were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Moreover, we performed a transcriptome analysis of PMA-treated NCI-H292 cells in the absence or presence of Rg5, and differential gene expression was confirmed using qPCR. Phosphorylation levels of signaling molecules, and the abundance of lipid droplets, were measured by western blotting, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. Results Ginsenoside Rg5 effectively reduced MUC5AC secretion and decreased MUC5AC mRNA levels. A systematic functional network analysis revealed that Rg5 upregulated cholesterol and glycerolipid metabolism, resulting in the production of lipid droplets to clear reactive oxygen species (ROS), and modulated the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways to regulate inflammatory responses. Rg5 induced the accumulation of lipid droplets and decreased cellular ROS levels, and N-acetyl-l-cysteine, a ROS inhibitor, reduced MUC5AC secretion via Rg5. Furthermore, Rg5 hampered the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 proteins, affecting the NF-κB signaling pathway and pro-inflammatory responses. Conclusion Rg5 alleviated inflammatory responses by reducing mucin secretion and promoting lipid droplet-mediated ROS clearance. Therefore, Rg5 may have potential as a therapeutic agent to alleviate respiratory disorders caused by hyperactivation of mucosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Heo
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumin Kim
- Korea Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungsun Cha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sofia Brito
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneul Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - So Young Jung
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Min Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-woo Park
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea,Korea Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Mun Kwak
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author. Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Chungbuk, 27136, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bum-Ho Bin
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea,Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author. Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hwan Park
- Korea Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author. Korea Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Gi Lee
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggi-do Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author. Bio-Center, Gyeonggi-do Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Park JW, Choi J, Lee J, Park JM, Kim SM, Min JH, Seo DY, Goo SH, Kim JH, Kwon OK, Lee K, Ahn KS, Oh SR, Lee JW. Methyl P-Coumarate Ameliorates the Inflammatory Response in Activated-Airway Epithelial Cells and Mice with Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314909. [PMID: 36499236 PMCID: PMC9736825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl p-coumarate (methyl p-hydroxycinnamate) (MH) is a natural compound found in a variety of plants. In the present study, we evaluated the ameliorative effects of MH on airway inflammation in an experimental model of allergic asthma (AA). In this in vitro study, MH was found to exert anti-inflammatory activity on PMA-stimulated A549 airway epithelial cells by suppressing the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and ICAM-1. In addition, MH exerted an inhibitory effect not only on NF-κB (p-NF-κB and p-IκB) and AP-1 (p-c-Fos and p-c-Jun) activation but also on A549 cell and EOL-1 cell (eosinophil cell lines) adhesion. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, MH had an inhibitory effect on TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1. The results from in vivo study revealed that the increases in eosinophils/Th2 cytokines/MCP-1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and IgE in the serum of OVA-induced mice with AA were effectively inhibited by MH administration. MH also exerted a reductive effect on the immune cell influx, mucus secretion, and iNOS/COX-2 expression in the lungs of mice with AA. The effects of MH were accompanied by the inactivation of NF-κB. Collectively, the findings of the present study indicated that MH attenuates airway inflammation in mice with AA, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant in asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseon Choi
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mi Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Man Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Min
- Laboratory Animal Resources Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Yun Seo
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyeon Goo
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Kyoung Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Central Bank, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheonju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihoon Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Central Bank, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheonju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-R.O.); (J.-W.L.)
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-R.O.); (J.-W.L.)
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