Functionalized cotton via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization for enhanced sorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II)

Functionalization of cellulose acetate nanofibrous membranes for removal of particulate matters and dyes

Particulates and organic toxins, such as microplastics and dye molecules, are contaminants in industrial wastewater that must be purified due to environmental and sustainability concerns. Carboxylated cellulose acetate (CTA-COOH) nanofibrous membranes were fabricated using electrospinning followed by an innovative one-step surface hydrolysis/oxidation replacing the conventional two-step reactions. This approach offers a new pathway for the modification strategy of cellulose-based membranes. The CTA-COOH membrane was utilized for the removal of particulates and cationic dyes through filtration and adsorption, respectively. The filtration performance of the CTA-COOH nanofibrous membrane was carried out; high separation efficiency and low pressure drop were achieved, in addition to the high filtration selectivity against 0.6-μm and 0.8-μm nanoparticles. A cationic Bismarck Brown Y, was employed to challenge the adsorption capability of the CTA-COOH nanofibrous membrane, where the maximum adsorption capacity of the membrane for BBY was 158.73 mg/g. The self-standing CTA-COOH membrane could be used to conduct adsorption-desorption for 17 cycles with the regeneration rate as high as 97.0 %. The CTA-COOH nanofibrous membrane has excellent mechanical properties and was employed to manufacture a spiral wound adsorption cartridge, which exhibited remarkable separation efficiency in terms of treated water volume, which was 5.96 L, and retention rate, which was 100 %.

Selective and Adjustable Removal of Phenolic Compounds from Water by Biquaternary Ammonium Polyacrylonitrile Fibers

A series of biquaternary ammonium-functionalized fibers were developed to efficiently realize selective removal of phenolic compounds from water. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to determine the successful preparation of functionalized fibers. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and elemental analysis were used to analyze the microstructure and composition. First, the adsorption result shows that a fiber with a three-carbon alkyl chain (PAN_BQAS-3F) has the maximum adsorption capacity for 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) (406 mg g^-1). Electrostatic attraction and π-π interaction are the main forces in adsorption. The adsorption kinetics studies display that PAN_BQAS-3F can rapidly adsorb 2,4-DNP in 10 min and achieve equilibrium within 20 min. The adsorption process of 2,4-DNP by PAN_BQAS-3F follows the Langmuir model, demonstrating that the process is more consistent with monolayer adsorption. What is more, the adsorbent PAN_BQAS-3F can be reused after 10 adsorption/desorption cycles and still maintains an excellent removal rate (99%). Otherwise, PAN_BQAS-3F was used in a continuous flow process and exhibited a removal rate of more than 96%, which certifies that PAN_BQAS-3F is an excellent adsorbent and can be utilized in practice.

Fabrication of polyethylenimine functionalized magnetic cellulose nanofibers for the sorption of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) in single-component and multi-component systems

Novel polyethyleneimine functionalized cellulose nanofiber magnetic composites (PEI-CNFs@Fe₃O₄) were prepared using banana peels as the raw materials for the sorption of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) in single-component and multi-component systems. The batch experiments, spectral analyses and model fittings were used to reveal the sorption properties. The sorption of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) on PEI-CNFs@Fe₃O₄ all conformed to the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. And the maximum sorption capacities of PEI-CNFs@Fe₃O₄ towards Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) were 134.38, 93.71 and 173.56 mg g^-1, respectively. The main sorption mechanism of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) on PEI-CNFs@Fe₃O₄ is the strong surface complexation of the amino, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups with Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions. Especially, the introduction of PEI contributed to the improvement in the sorption capacities of PEI-CNFs@Fe₃O₄ towards the heavy metals. Besides, the size of the ionic radius and the strength of the surface complexing ability with PEI-CNFs@Fe₃O₄ are the reasons for the difference in the sorption capacities of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) (Cd(II) > Ni(II) > Cu(II)). In conclusion, PEI-CNFs@Fe₃O₄ has shown the advantages of low cost, simple preparation, easy magnetic separation, environmental friendliness and high sorption capacity, thus having a broad application prospect in the treatment of multi-heavy metals polluted water.

Polymer brush-grafted cotton fiber for the efficient removal of aromatic halogenated disinfection by-products in drinking water

Apart from the activated carbon, other functional adsorbents are usually not frequently reported for the removal of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. In this study, a novel polymer brush-grafted cotton fiber was prepared and for the first time used as adsorbents for the efficient removal of aromatic halogenated DBPs in drinking water in the column adsorption mode. Poly (glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) was grafted onto the surface of cotton fibers via UV irradiation, and then diethylenetriamine was immobilized on the PGMA polymer brush through amination reaction to obtain the aminated cotton fibers (ACFs). The adsorption performance of the prepared ACF was investigated with eight aromatic halogenated DBPs via dynamic adsorption experiments. The results revealed that ACF showed significantly longer breakthrough point (38,500-225,500 BV) for aromatic halogenated DBPs compared with the granular activated carbon (150-500 BV). Thomas model was used to fit the breakthrough curves, and the theoretical value of the maximum adsorption capacity ranged from 14.76 to 89.47 mg/g. The enhanced adsorption performance of the ACF for aromatic halogenated DBPs was mainly due to the formation of hydrogen bonds. Additionally, the partially protonated amine groups also improved the adsorption performance. Furthermore, the ACF also showed remarkable stability and reusability.

Modelling and optimization of factors influencing adsorptive performance of agrowaste-derived Nanocellulose Iron Oxide Nanobiocomposites during remediation of Arsenic contaminated groundwater

Nanocellulose Iron Oxide Nanobiocomposites (NIONs) were synthesized from rice husk and sugarcane bagasse derived nanocelluloses for adsorptive removal of arsenic and associated contaminants present in groundwater samples. These NIONSs were superparamagnetic, hence magnetically recoverable and demonstrated promising recyclability. Synthesis of NIONs was confirmed by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS). FTIR and XPS data together with adsorption kinetics provide insights into probable adsorption mechanism of Arsenic by NIONs. The experimental conditions for 10 different variants were modelled using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD), considering the parameters; adsorbate dosage, adsorbent dosage, pH and contact time. The results identified the best performing variants and the optimal conditions for maximal absorption (~99%). These results were validated using a three-layer feed-forward Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. Both RSM and ANN chemometric models were in close conformity for optimized conditions of highest adsorption by specific variants. The standardized conditions were used to expand the study to field-based arsenic contaminated groundwater samples and their performance to commercial adsorbents. NIONs show promising commercial potential for water remediation applications due to their high adsorptive performance, magnetic recoverability and recyclability.

Application of waste cotton yarn as adsorbent of heavy metal ions from single and mixed solutions

In this study, waste cotton yarn was used for the removal of Pb (II), Cd (II), Cr (III), and As (V) from aqueous solution. Adsorption of heavy metal ions was tested from single ion solutions, while competitive studies were performed using two- and four-ion mixtures. In order to change the structure of the material, cotton yarn was modified by sodium hydroxide solution. The surface of raw and modified cotton yarn were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and streaming potential method for determination of an isoelectric point. Sorption studies were performed on the basis of pH, kinetics, isotherms, and desorption results. It has been shown that waste cotton yarn modification, typically, does not improve the sorption capacity of the material and that the unmodified material could be used for the removal of examined heavy metal ions. Selectivity was in order Pb > Cd > Cr > As. Desorption studies have indicated to the possible reusability of the sorbent only in the case of Pb removal. A potential application of spent waste sorbent for the soil quality improvement has been considered.

Advances in application of cotton-based adsorbents for heavy metals trapping, surface modifications and future perspectives

Cotton-based adsorbents (CBAs) are promising materials for combating the problem of heavy metal pollution of environmental waters. This is ascribed to the low cost, abundance, biodegradability and efficiency of CBAs. Herein we review the adsorption of heavy metals (HMs) onto CBAs. We found that several surface modifications were employed to improve the efficiency of the CBAs. These modifications were effected via thermal, physical and chemical means to obtain activated carbons, biochars, ionic liquids, aerogels, hydrogels, chitosans and nanoparticle-derived CBAs. The CBAs exhibited maximum HMs uptake as low as 0.002 mg/g to as high as 505.6 mg/g. Although, the cotton-derived activated carbons and biochars exhibited enhanced HM uptake from that of the unmodified CBAs, they were less efficient than CBAs modified by other methods. Recent chemical, ionic liquid, chitosan and nano-derived CBAs were the most efficient, with high uptake and fast kinetic removal. However, the nanoparticle-based adsorbents are preferred to the chemically modified forms, due to the possibility of secondary pollution and the noxious effect of the latter to the environment. Findings showed that chemical treatment produced CBAs most efficient for As(V), Pb(II) and Fe(III), while ionic liquid CBA was more efficient for Cu(II) and Ni(II). Nano-based treatment was suitable for the uptake of Co(II), Zn(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II), while the chitosan based adsorbent was viable for Hg(II). Isotherm and kinetic evaluation of CBAs mostly conformed to the Langmuir and pseudo-second order models, respectively. Spontaneous adsorption of HMs onto CBAs was deduced from thermodynamic analysis, with endothermic and exothermic characteristics. Over 88% desorption of HMs was obtained from the CBAs studied with good average reusability from 3 to 20 cycles. We also discussed the directions for future research.

Synergistic Adsorption for Parabens by an Amphiphilic Functionalized Polypropylene Fiber with Tunable Surface Microenvironment

A series of novel amphiphilic functionalized fibers with polarity tunable surface microenvironment were constructed by introducing hydrophilic polyamines and hydrophobic linear alkyl chain groups, aiming to selectively remove parabens from water. In addition, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, etc. were employed to determine the successful preparation of amphiphilic functionalized fibers. The adsorption experimental data indicated that the amphiphilic fibers showed excellent selectivity for parabens. In the amphiphilic fibers, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction existing in one molecular unit can effectively act together to enhance the interaction between substrate and fibers. Kinetic studies illustrated that the adsorption process was a physical adsorption with chemical characteristics. The overall initial adsorption rate together with the stepwise adsorption rate was quantified, and it is inferred that the hydrophobic interaction plays a leading role in the first step of the adsorption process. Moreover, the Freundlich model well described the sorption process with a maximum adsorption of 138.4 mg/g. What's more, the fiber still keeps excellent adsorption capacity (>90%) even after 10 adsorption/desorption cycles, which certifies it is an excellent adsorbent and can be utilized to remove paraben in practice.

A fully bio-sourced adsorbent of heavy metals in water fabricated by immobilization of quinine on cellulose paper

The fabrication of a fully bio-sourced adsorbent of Cd(II) by covalent immobilization of quinine on cellulose paper is described. The double bond of commercially available quinine was converted to a terminal alkyne function which was reacted with cellulose paper, chemically modified with azide functions, through a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, leading to Cell-Quin. The adsorption efficiency of Cell-Quin was investigated to determine the optimal pH, contact time and dose of adsorbent, ultimately leading to high levels of removal. The mechanism of adsorption of Cell-Quin was deeply rationalized through kinetic experiments and isotherm modeling. We also showed that Cell-Quin could adsorb other heavy metals such as Cu(II), Pb(II), Ni(II) and Zn (II).

Preparation of cotton-based fibrous adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions

Cotton fiber functionalized with tetraethylenepentamine and chitosan (CTPC) was prepared and used as absorbents for the removal of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cr(III) ions from aqueous solution. The functionalized materials (CTPC) were characterized by SEM/EDX, FTIR, BET and XRD to confirm the characterization and structural changes of fibers before and after the modifying process. The adsorption performance of CTPC was investigated with different pH, contact time and initial concentration of three kinds of metal ions. Results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity was 81.97 mg g^-1 for Cu(II), 123.46 mg g^-1 for Pb(II) and 72.99 mg g^-1 for Cr(III) based on the Langmuir isotherm model at optimal pH (5.0). Adsorption kinetics of CTPC fibers for Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III) ions followed the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption-desorption experiments demonstrated that CTPC showed better stability, and CTPC would be an effective and practical material for the treatment and recycling of heavy metal ions in the wastewater.

3‑Mercapto‑propanoic acid modified cellulose filter paper for quick removal of arsenate from drinking water

This paper reports a simple, facile and rapid preparation of 3‑mercapto‑propanoic acid (MPA) modified cellulose filter paper (MPA-Cell paper) for arsenate removal from drinking water. The MPA was covalently grafted to the cellulose filter paper (Cell) by esterification process through the formation of O‑acylisourea intermediate and characterized by the FTIR, SEM, EDS and XPS analyses. The arsenate adsorption efficiency was studied for batch and semi-continuous systems while exploring the adsorption kinetics, isotherm and the effect of pH for the former. The experimental data fitted well with Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) and pseudo second order kinetic models. The mechanism of adsorption was studied by FTIR spectroscopy utilizing the adsorption isotherm, kinetic model and XPS results. The modified filter paper performed well at nearly neutral pH in arsenate removal through adsorption and demonstrated a significant arsenate uptake capacity of 92.59 mg/g. The DR and FTIR results indicated that the adsorption of arsenate ion occurred through ion exchange process. The MPA-Cell paper could have a potential use as low-cost but efficient commercial adsorbent for arsenate abatement from contaminated drinking water by both batch as well as semi-continuous operating systems. The MPA-Cell paper could purify ground water containing high level of arsenate.

Preparation of diglycolamide polymer modified silica and its application as adsorbent for rare earth ions

Three novel diglycolamide monomers were synthesized and polymerized on silica. The diglycolamide polymer grafted silica were used as adsorbents for rare earth ions. The effects of acid concentration, structure of monomer, initial solution concentration, contact time and coexisting ions on adsorption of rare earth ions were investigated in detail. It was shown that the adsorption capacity increased with increasing acid concentration. Three adsorbents exhibited selectivity for middle and heavy rare earth over light rare earth in different extent. The adsorbent prepared from the monomer having the largest alkyl substituent showed the lowest adsorption capacity but the highest selectivity for different rare earth elements (REEs). Adsorption data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order models. The presence of high concentrations (100 fold) of coexisting metal ions, K(I), Cr(II), Cu(II) or Fe(III), does not decrease the adsorption for rare earth ions seriously.

Hydrazinolyzed cellulose-g-polymethyl acrylate as adsorbent for efficient removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution

Hydrazinolyzed cellulose-graft-polymethyl acrylate (Cell-g-PMA-HZ), an efficient adsorbent for removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution, has been prepared by ceric salt-initiated graft polymerization of methyl acrylate from microcrystalline cellulose surface and subsequent hydrazinolysis. The influences of initial pH, contact time, and temperature on adsorption capacity of Cell-g-PMA-HZ as well as adsorption equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic properties were examined in detail. As for Cd(II) adsorption, kinetic adsorption can be explained by pseudo-second-order, while adsorption isotherm fits well with Langmuir isotherm model, from which maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity can be derived as 235.85 mg g^-1 at 28 °C. Further thermodynamic investigation indicated that adsorption of Cd(II) by adsorbent Cell-g-PMA-HZ is endothermic and spontaneous under studied conditions. On the other hand, isotherm of Pb(II) adsorption fits well with Freundlich isotherm model and is more likely to be a physical-adsorption-dominated process. Consecutive adsorption-desorption experiments showed that Cell-g-PMA-HZ is reusable with satisfactory adsorption capacity.

Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes

The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.

Hg selective adsorption on polypropylene-based hollow fiber grafted with polyacrylamide

A novel polypropylene hollow fiber membrane with a new function of selective adsorption of mercury ions in aqueous solutions was successfully prepared. The surface of the polypropylene hollow fiber membrane was initially modified with polydopamine by surface polymerization, and subsequently grafted with polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer brush via the surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) technique (thereafter named as PP-PAM). This study investigated the adsorption performance of Hg(II) ions by PP-PAM and the effect of various influencing factors on Hg(II) ion adsorption. The experiment indicated that the Hg(II) adsorption capacity of the PP-PAM increased with the increase of the pH, and the Hg(II) adsorption kinetics was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir model, with the maximum adsorption capacity calculated to be 0.854 mmol/g for Hg(II) ions. The adsorption study in multi-component system indicated that PP-PAM preferentially adsorbs Hg(II) over Pb(II) ions, with significant adsorption capacity difference of the two heavy metal ions. This study provided an efficient method for the preparation of the adsorptive polypropylene hollow fiber membrane, which expands its application for the selective removal of heavy metal ions.

Visible sequestration of Cu2+ions using amino-functionalized cotton fiber

In this study, an amino functionalized cotton fiber, which was used to adsorb Cu²⁺ionsviavisible sequestration, was prepared and investigated.

Enhanced adsorption of Cu(ii) ions on chitosan microspheres functionalized with polyethylenimine-conjugated poly(glycidyl methacrylate) brushes

Crosslinked chitosan microspheres were tethered with branched polyethylenimine-conjugated poly(glycidyl methacrylate) brushes via surface-initiated ATRP and were further utilized as novel adsorbent to purify Cu(ii)-contaminated aqueous solution​.

Highly efficient removal of hexavalent chromium from electroplating wastewater using aminated wheat straw

Highly efficient aminated wheat straw had high adsorption and selectivity for Cr(vi) in electroplating wastewater, and some adsorbed Cr(vi) were reduced to Cr(iii) and released into solution.

Selective Enrichment and MALDI-TOF MS Analysis of Small Molecule Compounds with Vicinal Diols by Boric Acid-Functionalized Graphene Oxide

In this study, a 4-vinylphenylboronic acid-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) material was prepared via atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method and applied for the first time as a novel matrix for the selective enrichment and analysis of small-molecule compounds with vicinal diols, which have been the focus of intense research in the field of life science, by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in positive-ion mode. There are two main factors playing a decisive role in assisting laser D/I process comparing to some traditional matrices: (1) GO provides π-conjugated system by itself for laser absorption and energy transfer; (2) the modified 4-vinylphenylboronic acid can selectively capture small-molecule compounds with vicinal diols. The results demonstrate that the novel material has distinct advantages over previously reported matrices in enriching and assisting the highly efficient ionization of target molecules for mass spectrometry analysis. This work indicates a new application branch for graphene-based matrices and provides an alternative solution for small-molecules analysis.

Synthesis of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly[3-(triisopropyloxysilyl) propyl methacrylate] and its use in the facile coating of hydrophilically patterned superhydrophobic fabrics

We report the synthesis and applications of a novel poly(dimethylsiloxane-block-poly[3-(triisopropyloxysilyl)propyl methacrylate]) (PDMS-b-PIPSMA) diblock copolymer.

Adsorption of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) by amphiphilic polypropylene nonwoven from aqueous solution: the study of hydrophilic and hydrophobic microdomain

A kind of amphiphilic polypropylene nonwoven with hydrophilic and hydrophobic microdomain was prepared through electron beam induced graft polymerization and subsequent ring opening reaction and then utilized in the adsorption of phthalic acid esters (PAEs). To elucidate the superiority of such amphiphilic microdomain, a unique structure without hydrophilic part was constructed as comparison. In addition, the adsorption behaviors including adsorption kinetics, isotherms and pH effect were systematically investigated. The result indicated that the amphiphilic structure and the synergy between hydrophilic and hydrophobic microdomain could considerably improve the adsorption capacities, rate and affinity. Particularly the existence of hydrophilic microdomain could reduce the diffusion resistance and energy barrier in the adsorption process. These adsorption results showed that the amphiphilic PP nonwoven have the potential to be used in environmental application.

Using Controlled Graft Copolymerization Technology to Prepare Structure-Controllable Cellulose Functional Materials

Cellulose is the most abundant, renewable, and biodegradable natural resource on the earth. Grafting copolymerization technique is one of the key methods to widen the application scope of cellulose. This paper concerned with the recent progress and application of living/controlled radical graft polymerization techniques such as NMP, ATRP, and RAFT in the grafting modification of cellulose. The advantages and disadvantage of them were also reviewed.

Poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan microspheres via surface-initiated ATRP for enhanced removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution

Cross-linked chitosan (CCS) microspheres tethered with pH-sensitive poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes were developed for the efficient removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Functional PMAA brushes containing dense and active carboxyl groups (COOH) were grafted onto the CCS microsphere surface via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Batch adsorption results showed that solution pH values had a major impact on cadmium adsorption by the PMAA-grafted CCS microspheres with the optimal removal observed above pH 5. The CCS-g-PMAA microsphere was found to achieve the adsorption equilibrium of Cd(II) within 1 h, much faster than about 7 h on the CCS microsphere. At pH 5 and with an initial concentration 0.089-2.49 mmol dm(-3), the maximum adsorption capacity of Cd(II), derived from the Langmuir fitting on the PMAA-grafted microspheres was around 1.3 mmol g(-1). Desorption and adsorption cycle experimental results revealed that the PMAA-grafted CCS microspheres loaded with Cd(II) can be effectively regenerated in a dilute HNO3 solution, and the adsorption capacity remained almost unchanged upon five cycle reuse.

Adsorption of perfluorinated compounds on aminated rice husk prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization

Adsorption is considered as an effective method to remove perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) from aqueous solution. In this study, an aminated rice husk (RH) adsorbent was successfully prepared through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and subsequent amination reaction, and it was used to remove perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis verified the presence of grafted polymer brushes and amine groups on the RH surface. The zero point of zeta potential of aminated RH was 8.5, which facilitated the sorption of anionic PFCs on the positively charged adsorbent at pH below 8.5. The sorption equilibria of PFOA, PFBA and PFOS were achieved within 5 h, 3 h and 9 h, respectively, faster than the reported porous adsorbents. Sorption isotherms showed that the adsorption capacities of PFOA, PFBA and PFOS on the aminated RH at pH 5.0 were 2.49, 1.70 and 2.65 mmol g(-1), respectively. Sorption behavior and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed that the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions were involved in the sorption process, and the micelles and hemi-micelles of PFOA and PFOS may form on the adsorbent surface.