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Shinde AH, Sonpal V, Maiti P, Haldar S. Evaluation of a synbiotic formulation for water remediation in a shrimp pond. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:65990-66001. [PMID: 37093374 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of probiotic bacteria has attracted the interest of the marine shrimp farming industry. However, there are certain limitations pertaining to the practical application of many commercially available probiotics. Here, a thoroughly screened optimal consortium of three indigenous sulfur probiotics was tested for antibiotic susceptibility and was found to be safe, with each culture being sensitive to all the tested antibiotics. Further, de-potash vinasse (DPV), an environmental hazard, was tested for its prebiotic potential, and its 1% (w/v) concentration was found to be effective for long-term viability (> 66 days) of the probiotic cultures and safe for Artemia. The synbiotic formulation was tested first in a lab-scale microcosm setup successfully and subsequently tried on a shrimp farm; it was observed that the product was congruent to the efficiency of a commercial probiotic regarding almost all physicochemical parameters, sulfide, nitrate-N, nitrite-N, phytoplankton sustenance, Pseudomonas count, coliform count, and heterotrophic count. In addition, it was significantly efficient in maintaining pH, reducing ammonia-N and phosphate-P, Vibrio and Aeromonas count, and a net increase in the yield of shrimp biomass by 625 kg, thus proving to be a better alternative than one of the already available remediation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika H Shinde
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vasavdutta Sonpal
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
| | - Pratyush Maiti
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Process Design and Engineering Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
| | - Soumya Haldar
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Igwegbe CA, Obiora-Okafo IA, Iwuozor KO, Ghosh S, Kurniawan SB, Rangabhashiyam S, Kanaoujiya R, Ighalo JO. Treatment technologies for bakers' yeast production wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11004-11026. [PMID: 35001268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Researchers in recent years have utilized a broad spectrum of treatment technologies in treating bakers' yeast production wastewater. This paper aims to review the treatment technologies for the wastewater, compare the process technologies, discuss recent innovations, and propose future perspectives in the research area. The review observed that nanofiltration was the most effective membrane process for the treatment of the effluent (at >95% pollutant rejection). Other separation processes like adsorption and distillation had technical challenges of desorption, a poor fit for high pollutant load and cost limitations. Chemical treatment processes have varying levels of success but they are expensive and produce toxic sludge. Sludge production would be a hurdle when product recovery and reuse are targeted. It is difficult to make an outright choice of the best process for treating the effluent because each has its merits and demerits and an appropriate choice can be made when all factors are duly considered. The process intensification of the industrial-scale production of the bakers' yeast process will be a very direct approach, where the process optimisation, zero effluent discharge, and enhanced recovery of value-added product from the waste streams are important approaches that need to be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B, Awka, 5025, Nigeria.
| | | | - Kingsley O Iwuozor
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B, Awka, 5025, Nigeria
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- , Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Selvasembian Rangabhashiyam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India.
| | - Rahul Kanaoujiya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Joshua O Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B, Awka, 5025, Nigeria.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, P. M. B, Ilorin, 1515, Nigeria.
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Baruah J, Chaliha C, Nath BK, Kalita E. Enhancing arsenic sequestration on ameliorated waste molasses nanoadsorbents using response surface methodology and machine-learning frameworks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11369-11383. [PMID: 33123890 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of a novel nanobiosorbent derived from waste molasses for the adsorptive removal of arsenic (As) has been attempted in this study. Waste molasses were chemically ameliorated through a solvothermal route for the incorporation of iron oxide, thereby producing iron oxide incorporated carbonaceous nanomaterial (IOCN). Synthesis of IOCN was confirmed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) analysis. The surface area and porous behavior of IOCN were elucidated by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) assessments. The experimental conditions for adsorption were first modeled using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD), considering the parameters: adsorbate dosage, adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time. RSM optimizations were improved upon using a three-layer feed-forward multilayer perceptron (MLP) based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. Optimization through ANN model resulted in the increase of the maximal As adsorption efficiency to ~ 96% for IOCN. The IOCN isotherm plots show the best fit for the Sips isotherm, and the reaction kinetics follows the pseudo-second-order model, indicating the chemisorption mechanism for As adsorption. Evidence for direct coordination of As to the surface of adsorbents was further confirmed by FTIR spectroscopic studies before and after As adsorption. The high adsorption efficiencies and the low-cost facile synthesis of the IOCN nanosorbent from agro-industrial waste indicate their potential for commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Baruah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Chayanika Chaliha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Bikash Kar Nath
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Eeshan Kalita
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
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Manippady SR, Singh A, Rout CS, Samal AK, Saxena M. Partially Graphitized Iron−Carbon Hybrid Composite as an Electrochemical Supercapacitor Material. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Rashmi Manippady
- Centre for Nano and Material SciencesJain University Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112 Karnataka India
| | - Ashish Singh
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Rout
- Centre for Nano and Material SciencesJain University Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112 Karnataka India
| | - Akshaya Kumar Samal
- Centre for Nano and Material SciencesJain University Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112 Karnataka India
| | - Manav Saxena
- Centre for Nano and Material SciencesJain University Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112 Karnataka India
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Wei F, He X, Ma L, Zhang H, Xiao N, Qiu J. 3D N,O-Codoped Egg-Box-Like Carbons with Tuned Channels for High Areal Capacitance Supercapacitors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:82. [PMID: 34138071 PMCID: PMC7770960 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Functional carbonaceous materials for supercapacitors (SCs) without using acid for post-treatment remain a substantial challenge. In this paper, we present a less harmful strategy for preparing three-dimensional (3D) N,O-codoped egg-box-like carbons (EBCs). The as-prepared EBCs with opened pores provide plentiful channels for ion fast transport, ensure the effective contact of EBCs electrodes and electrolytes, and enhance the electron conduction. The nitrogen and oxygen atoms doped in EBCs improve the surface wettability of EBC electrodes and provide the pseudocapacitance. Consequently, the EBCs display a prominent areal capacitance of 39.8 μF cm-2 (340 F g-1) at 0.106 mA cm-2 in 6 M KOH electrolyte. The EBC-based symmetric SC manifests a high areal capacitance to 27.6 μF cm-2 (236 F g-1) at 0.1075 mA cm-2, a good rate capability of 18.8 μF cm-2 (160 F g-1) at 215 mA cm-2 and a long-term cycle stability with only 1.9% decay after 50,000 cycles in aqueous electrolyte. Impressively, even in all-solid-state SC, EBC electrode shows a high areal capacitance of 25.0 μF cm-2 (214 F g-1) and energy density of 0.0233 mWh cm-2. This work provides an acid-free process to prepare electrode materials from industrial by-products for advanced energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lianbo Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanfang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieshan Qiu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Chi H, Wan J, Ma Y, Wang Y, Ding S, Li X. Ferrous metal-organic frameworks with stronger coordinatively unsaturated metal sites for persulfate activation to effectively degrade dibutyl phthalate in wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 377:163-171. [PMID: 31158585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the advanced oxidation system (AOPs) of persulfate (PS) activated by iron-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), aim at solving the problem on the treatment difficulty of wastewater with low concentration persistent organic pollutants (POPs), a new type of ferrous metal-organic frameworks (Fe(Ⅱ)-MOFs) with stronger coordinatively unsaturated metal sites (CUS) was successfully synthesized by different methods. The catalytic performance of Fe(Ⅱ)-MOFs was were obtained by the experiment of degrading dibutyl phthalate (DBP) through persulfate activation. It was found that the degradation efficiency of 0.018 mmol L-1 DBP was 86.73% under the conditions of 0.40 g L-1 and 2.70 mmol L-1 persulfate at a wide pH range. At the same time, the crystal structure and surface morphology of Fe(Ⅱ)-MOFs did not change significantly after reaction and it could still maintain the removal rate of 75.44% of the target pollutants in the fifth cycle. Furthermore, in the consideration of iron valence state of MOFs before and after reaction, and combined with the analysis of electrochemical properties, the possible mechanism of PS activation was proposed, namely the metastable electron layer inside ferrous ions produced the internal power to accelerate the electron transfer in CUS, leading to improve the activity of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Chi
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Plant Fiber High-Valued Cleaning Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jinquan Wan
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Plant Fiber High-Valued Cleaning Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yongwen Ma
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Plant Fiber High-Valued Cleaning Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Plant Fiber High-Valued Cleaning Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Su Ding
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xitong Li
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Supercapacitor Energy Storage Device Using Biowastes: A Sustainable Approach to Green Energy. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11020414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The demand for renewable energy sources worldwide has gained tremendous research attention over the past decades. Technologies such as wind and solar have been widely researched and reported in the literature. However, economical use of these technologies has not been widespread due partly to cost and the inability for service during of-source periods. To make these technologies more competitive, research into energy storage systems has intensified over the last few decades. The idea is to devise an energy storage system that allows for storage of electricity during lean hours at a relatively cheaper value and delivery later. Energy storage and delivery technologies such as supercapacitors can store and deliver energy at a very fast rate, offering high current in a short duration. The past decade has witnessed a rapid growth in research and development in supercapacitor technology. Several electrochemical properties of the electrode material and electrolyte have been reported in the literature. Supercapacitor electrode materials such as carbon and carbon-based materials have received increasing attention because of their high specific surface area, good electrical conductivity and excellent stability in harsh environments etc. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in biomass-derived activated carbons as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. The development of an alternative supercapacitor electrode material from biowaste serves two main purposes: (1) It helps with waste disposal; converting waste to a useful product, and (2) it provides an economic argument for the substantiality of supercapacitor technology. This article reviews recent developments in carbon and carbon-based materials derived from biowaste for supercapacitor technology. A comparison between the various storage mechanisms and electrochemical performance of electrodes derived from biowaste is presented.
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Chaturvedi V, Usangonvkar S, Shelke MV. Synthesis of high surface area porous carbon from anaerobic digestate and it's electrochemical study as an electrode material for ultracapacitors. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36343-36350. [PMID: 35540581 PMCID: PMC9075029 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06603a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The remnants of the anaerobic digestion process, ‘the digestate,’ mainly consist of fibrous lignin and cellulose like molecules, as a significant carbon repository along with some other inorganic impurities. The present work demonstrates the potential use of anaerobically treated fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) as a source of porous carbon for supercapacitor electrode materials. This work suggests that the FVW digestate can inherit silicon (Si) and calcium (Ca) based inorganic impurities, which play an essential role as structure directing agents for digestate derived carbon. These contaminants act as hard templates during carbonization to create hierarchical pores and contribute to an enhancement in surface area. Different batches from an anaerobic biogas digester plant are converted to porous carbon and examined as a potential supercapacitor electrode material. A maximum capacitance of 235 F g−1 is achieved from DDHPC-4kh carbon with a specific surface area of 2502 m2 g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 in an acidic aqueous electrolyte. The results are significant in comparison to other bio-sourced precursors studied previously. The remnants of the anaerobic digestion process, ‘the digestate,’ mainly consist of fibrous lignin and cellulose like molecules, as a significant carbon repository along with some other inorganic impurities.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Chaturvedi
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Saurabh Usangonvkar
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Manjusha V. Shelke
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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Zhu G, Zhao G, Shi J, Ou-Yang W. One-step preparation of N,O co-doped 3D hierarchically porous carbon derived from soybean dregs for high-performance supercapacitors. RSC Adv 2019; 9:17308-17317. [PMID: 35519858 PMCID: PMC9064598 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02184a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hierarchically porous carbon (HPC) material based on environmental friendliness biomass has spurred much attention, due to its high surface area and porous structure. Herein, three-dimensional (3D) N,O co-doped HPC (N–O-HPC) was prepared by using a one-step fabrication process of simultaneously carbonizing and activating soybean dregs and used as an electrode for supercapacitors (SCs). The obtained N–O-HPC with 4.8 at% N and 6.1 at% O exhibits a pretty small charge transfer resistance (0.05 Ω) and a large specific capacitance (408 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), due to its 3D hierarchically porous framework structure with extremely large specific surface area (1688 m2 g−1). Moreover, a symmetrical SC assembled with the HPC electrode exhibits an amazingly high energy density (22 W h kg−1 at 450 W kg−1) and a stable long cycling life with only 6% capacitance loss after 5000 cycles in 1 M Na2SO4 solution. This work provides a facile, green, and low-cost way to prepare electrode materials for SCs. N,O co-doped 3D HPC derived from soybean dregs was prepared by a one-step method and displays an amazingly high energy density of 22 W h kg−1 (450 W kg−1) using 1 M Na2SO4 solution.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes
- Suzhou University
- Suzhou 234000
- PR China
| | - Guangzhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes
- Suzhou University
- Suzhou 234000
- PR China
- Energy Resources and Power Engineering College
| | - Junyou Shi
- Energy Resources and Power Engineering College
- Northeast Electric Power University
- Jilin 132012
- PR China
- Forestry College
| | - Wei Ou-Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument
- Ministry of Education
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
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Mahto A, Kumar A, Chaudhary JP, Bhatt M, Sharma AK, Paul P, Nataraj SK, Meena R. Solvent-free production of nano-FeS anchored graphene from Ulva fasciata: A scalable synthesis of super-adsorbent for lead, chromium and dyes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 353:190-203. [PMID: 29674094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate, a simple and solvent-free synthetic route for the production of FeS/Fe(0) functionalized graphene nanocomposite (G-Fe) via a one-step pyrolysis of seaweed biomass (Ulva fasciata). It is proposed that the natural abundance of both inorganic and organic sulfur in the seaweed induces the reduction of exfoliated graphitic sheets at elevated temperatures. FeCl3 was employed both as the iron precursor as well as the templating agent. Iron doping played a dual-faceted role of exfoliating as well as activating agent, producing composite with high adsorption capacity for Pb2+ (645 ± 10 mg/g), CR (970 mg/g), CV(909 mg/g), MO (664 mg/g), MB (402 mg/g) dyes and good recyclability (8 cycles). Pb2+ adsorption was irreversible even at low pH values and the spent composite (G-Fe-Pb) was utilized for efficient Cr(IV) removal (̴100 mg/g). The adsorption data followed the pseudo second order kinetics while the equilibrium data fitted perfectly into the Langmuir adsorption equation. Further, a thin layer of composite was deposited on a filter paper by vacuum filtration which was tested under continuous filtration mode for RB5 dye removal. Preliminary results highlight the potential of this composite to be used in pretreatment steps in hybrid membrane processes for filtration of complex wastewater feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashesh Mahto
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India; Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - Anshu Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India; Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, India
| | - Jai Prakash Chaudhary
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Madhuri Bhatt
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India; Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, India
| | - Atul Kumar Sharma
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Discipline, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
| | - Parimal Paul
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India; Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, India
| | - Sanna Kotrappanavar Nataraj
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore, 562112, India.
| | - Ramavatar Meena
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India; Natural Products & Green Chemistry Discipline, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India.
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